Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia,which is rare in children.The treatment of APL mainly includes anthracycline-based chemotherapy,all-trans retinoic acid,and arsenic trioxide,which allow for complete remission,improve the long time survival rate and reduce related toxicity as well.About the optimized treatment,quick breakthroughs have already reached,not only at home in the 80's at the end of the 90's,but also abroad,like National Comprehensive Cancer Network of the United States in 2006-2013.This review summarizes the progress in diagnosis and treatment of children with APL.

Aged ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Gastroplasty ; methods ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

AlM:To evaluate the effect of intralamellar cryolysis of cornea with amniotic membrane transplantation on painful bullous keratopathy ( PBK) .?METHODS: Randomly selected 156 cases ( 156 eyes ) with PBK who underwent surgery of intralamellar cryolysis of cornea with amniotic membrane transplantation. Followed up with 2 ~ 3mo, the symptoms of eye pain, corneal epithelial blisters, foreign body sensation and postoperative complications were observed.?RESULTS:Pain symptoms disappeared in all patients, and corneal epithelial blisters disappeared in 130 cases (83. 3%). All agonizing pain symptoms disappeared, but patients had occasional foreign - body sensation, occasional corneal epithelial blisters in 24 cases ( 15. 4%) . Two weeks after surgery, corneal stroma dissolved, 2 cases ( 1. 3%) of them were cured by conjunctival flap cover.?CONCLUSlON:The operation of intralamellar cryolysis of cornea with amniotic membrane transplantation can relieve the pain in 98. 7% of PBK patients and simple therapy for treating PBK. Hence, it's be worth to advocate for relieve the pain of patients.

With the development of natural products, the research activities on the solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural products have been carried out worldwide. Big molecular weight and poor solubility of most natural active ingredients lead to a very poor oral absorption and low bioavailability, which has extremely limited their development in pharmaceutical fields and clinical application. As a result, it is necessary to find out a suitable technique to improve the solubility and enhance the oral bioavailability of insoluble natural drugs. Based on the related references published in these years, this review introduced some new techniques to improve the solubility and bioavailability of natural drugs, including prodrugs, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, cocrystals, osmotic pump, liquisolid compacts, micronization, self-microemulsifying, nanosuspensions, lipsomes, polymeric micelles and so on, and summarized the theory, characteristics, application range, application examples, problems and development direction of each technique.
Administration, Oral ; Biological Availability ; Biological Products ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Water

Based on ninety three acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) which have the same mechanism of action but are different in structural characteristics, the pharmacophore model for acetylcholinesterase inhibitor was constructed by the CATALYST system. The optimal pharmacophore model with three hydrophobic units, a ring aromatic unit and a hydrogen-bond acceptor unit were confirmed (Weight=3.29, RMS=0.53, total cost-null cost=62.75, Correl=0.93, Config=19.05). This pharmacophore model will act on the double active site of acetylcholinesterase and is able to predict the activity of known acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that are used for clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and can be further used to identify structurally diverse compounds that have higher activity treating with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by virtual screening.

Objective To study the clinical,pathological characteristics and diagnosis of multiple system atrophy(MSA).Methods Among 4 cases of MSA,2 of them were from clinical data,the other 2were frum pathological data.Two cases verified by autopsy were investigated using Hematoxylin-eosi,Kltiver.Barrera and Gallvas-Braak silver staining and confirmed by immunohistochemistry using ubiquitin,α-synuclein staining.Results All 4 patients were male.aged 51-76.Case No.1 wag diagnosed as Parkinson's svndrome.Case No.2 was diagnosed as spinal ataxia cerebella,and the other two eases were diagnosed as MSA.The following changes were found by pathological studies.Macroscopic atrophies were presented in pens and cerebella.as well as putamen,globus pallidus and substantia nigra.Cerebral ventricles were dilated.Neuronal lOSS and gliosis could be seen at cerebral cortex.nigrostriatal.globus pallidus,pontine nuclei,subslantia innominata,inferior olives,doral motor nucleus of vagus,cerebellum antl intermediolateral column of the spinal cord.In the white matter of these regions cytoplasmic inclusions bodies were extensively present in oligodendrocytes.Conclusions Olivopontocerebellar atrophy mainly shows the,clinical symptoms of pens,cerebellum,and autonomic nerves damage;Shy-Drager syndrome presents mainly with the erecting hypotenstion symptom,while striatonigral degeneration mainly involves extrapyramidal system.As these three diseases share the common basic pathological changes,they are preferred to be classified as the subtype of MSA.

Objective To assess true vocal fold (TVF) length and cricothyroid distance(CTD) with ultrasonography in male-to-female (MtF)transsexual voice surgery.Methods Five MtF transsexuals were divided into two groups according to their voice change surgery methods.High-frequency ultrasonography was used to measure the length of true vocal folds and cricothyroid distance.Measurements were compared pre-and post-surgery, and correlations with fundamental frequency (F0) were analyzed.Results The ultrasonography measurements clearly showed the laryngeal structure and TVF measurement marks.After vocal fold shortening and retrodisplacement of anterior commissure(VFSRAC) surgery, the ultrasonographic measurements showed that the shortening length of TVF were 0.37 cm(21%),0.69 cm(37%) and 0.40 cm(25%), respectively.The CTD in ultrasonographicimages were 1.0 cm pre-surgery of cricothyroid approximation (CTA) and-0.33 post-surgery of CTA.The displacement of cricoid cartilage was 1.33 cm, which was consistent with the laryngeal CT image.Conclusion Both TVF length and CTD can be shown by high-frequency ultrasonography, which can be used to quantitatively assessment and follow-up MtF transsexual voice surgery.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the phylogenetic analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii strains in elderly.METHODS The 33 kinds resistant genes were detected by PCR and cluster analysis.RESULTS The positive rates of AmpC(chromosome type),TEM and PER were 85%,55% and 25%,respectively.The positive rates of aac(3)-Ⅰ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅰb and armA were 95%,95%,40%,15% and 35%,respectively.The positive rate of qacE△1-sul1 was 75%.There were very high positive percentages of AmpC(chromosome type),TEM,PER,aac(3)-Ⅰ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,armA and qacE△1-sul1 genes in A.baumannii isolates among elderly.There were clones transmitted phenomenon.CONCLUSIONS The resistance phenotype of A.baumannii isolates among elderly is in accordance with genetic testing.A.baumannii can induce clones transmitted hospital infection.

Objective To develop and charaterize a series of Poloxamer-and Carbopol-based in situ gel for ophthalmic use as to enhance the ability of drug to retain in eyes and delay drug release.Methods The gel was prepared using Poloxamer 407/188 and Carbopol 974P as gelling agent and viscosity enhancer,respectively.Rheological characteristics were evaluated and behaviour of drug release in vitro was investigated by modified Franz diffusion cells.Results The rheological study indicated that the gel was physically entangled polymer solutions at 20 ℃ and then converted into a network structure with secondary bonds at 35 ℃.The gel released the drug molecules slowly in 4 h.The best fit model was Higuchi matrix model(r=0.992 3).Formulations consisting of Poloxamer 188 and Carbopol 974P were proved to be able to decrease the drug release speed efficiently.The impact on elastic modulus G" of the gel caused by those two were different.Conclusion An in situ gel with suitable sol-gel transition temperature and satisfactory release pattern could be achieved by adjusting the ratio of Poloxamer 407 to Poloxamer 188.The developed formulations have the ability to prolong the ocular residence time,which suggests it may be a new durg delivery system with bright future.

Objective:To establish the reference range of red blood cell parameters within 24 hours after birth of premature infants with different gestational ages and genders.Methods:According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, a retrospective analysis was performed in premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. These newborns were delivered in the obstetrics department of our hospital or came from other parts of Jilin Province. All of their radial artery blood were collected within 24 hours after birth. According to the blood examination results, we analyzed reference range of red blood cell parameters of these premature infants.Results:With the increase of gestational age, the number of RBC, HGB, HCT, MCHC gradually increases and the number of MCV, MCH gradually decreases. There are differences in some red blood cell parameters of premature infants with 34 week≤gestational age<37 week between different genders. Compared with boys, the number of RBC, HGB, HCT and MCV in girls were higher. The number of RBC in premature infants with 23 week≤gestational age<28 week and 28 week ≤ gestion age<34 week are 2.58×10 12-5.45×10 12/L and 2.97×10 12-5.86×10 12/L respectively. In the group of premature infants with 34 week ≤gestion age<37 week, the number of RBC in boys is 3.38×10 12-5.83×10 12/L, while the number of RBC in girls is 3.18-5.89×10 12/L. There're no difference in RDW among preterm infants with different gestational ages and genders, which is 14.8%-20.6%. Conclusions:The study established the reference range of red blood cell parameters of 23 w≤gestational age<37 w premature infants within 24 hours after the birth and explored the differences in red blood cell parameters of premature infants with different gestational ages and genders.