AIM: To study whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from fetal liver can differentiate into skeletal muscle-like cells. METHODS: MSCs were isolated from C57BL/6J mouse fetal liver and were induced by 5-azacytidine and amphotericin B. Myf5 and myogenin were tested by RT-PCR. Desmin and ?-actin was examined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: RT-PCR showed that the treated cells expressed Myf5 and myogenin orderly from 6 hours to 72 hours, while the untreated cells did not. Immunocytochemistry confirmed that these cells were positive for desmin and ?-actin and the positive rate was higher in 7 days than that in 14 days. CONCLUSION: MSCs derived from fetal liver can be induced into skeletal muscle-like cells in vitro.

Purpose:To evaluate the effect, tolerabilily and toxic-side reactions of combined carboplatin and cisplatin with etopside in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.Methods:From Oct. 1998 to Mar. 2000, 23 cases with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were treated by combined carboplatin [200 mg/m 2intravenously (IV) on day 1]and Cisplatin ( 30 mg/m 2 IV on day 3～5) and etopside (100mg/m 2 IV on day 1～5) . The treatment was repeated every 3～4 weeks.Results:86 cycles were completed in the whole group. Median cycles was 4. The overall response rate was 43.48%(10/23,PR), the median survival time was 8.2 months, the 1-year survival rate was 32%. Myelosuppression was the main toxicity, The overall response rate was 86.96%(20/23). Conclusions:Our results indicate that combined carboplatin and cisplatin with etopside regimen is effective for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

BackgroundThere are a lot of studies about the wound healing charateristics of cornea after SBK with femtosecond laser.In our study,mechanical microkeratome was preferred for corneal flap.We observed the proliferation of keratocytes by investigating the myofibroblast ( MF) activity.Objective The study was to compare the morphologic and histological changes in the cornea after sub-Bowmans keratomileusis ( SBK) with photorefractive keratectomy ( PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK)by investigating the express of transforming growth factor-β( TGF-β)and α-smooth muscle actin( α-SMA)and to investigate the wound healing characteristiCs of cornea after SBK.MethodsTwenty-seven adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into group A,B and C.SBK waa performed on the right eyes of each rabbit in group A,LASIK for group B and PRK for group C.All the left eyes were used as the normal control group.Histological examinations by light microscopy were performed on day 7,1 months,3 months after surgery.The expression of α-SMA and TGF-β and the number of activated MF were assessed by immunohistochemiatry.ResultsIn SBK group,corneal epithelium cells proliferation around the wound was seen and the numbers of active fibroblasts were increased after surgery.The expression of α-SMA or TGF-β around the corneal flap and the corneal 8troma started at day 7 postoperatively and peaked at 1 months and decreaaed around the corneal flap and the corneal 8troma started at day 7 postoperatively and peaked at 1 months and decreaaed t3mnh.TFβep( SBK:t=2.226,2.158,2.330,P＜0.05;PRK:t=4.745,6.524,6.293,P＜O.05).The numbersof activ( SBK:t=2.226,2.158,2.330,P＜O.05;PRK:t=4.745,6.524,6.293,P＜0.05).The numbersof activatedMFs were different fromLASIKstatisticallytoobetweenSBKgroupandPRKgroup ( SBK:t =4.439.5.692,4.175,P＜0.05 ; PRK:t=6.330,6.723,5.267,P＜0.05 ).Theα-SMAand TCF-βexpressionsin SBKgroupwerelessthan PRK group but more thanLASIKgroup( TCF-β:t =4.691,5.527,t =4.399,P＜0.05 ; α-SMA:t =9.637.10.282,8.197,P＜0.05).The numhers of MFs in SBK group was less than PRK group before 3 months and were same at 3 months ( t =5.188,4.529,P＜0.05 ).Conclusions ComparedwithconventionalLASIK,SBKcanup-regulatethe expression of α-SMA.TGF-β,activated MFs in the corneal flap.which enhance corneal biomechanics and promote healing.However,most of the disadvantages caused by wound healing in SBK still remain compared to PRK.

Objective To explore the value of early arterial blood lactate clearance rate and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2 ) monitoring in patients with severe pneumonia .Methods A total of 56 patients with severe pneumonia treated during the period from January 2012 to December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively .The arterial blood lactate concentration and ScvO2 were determined immediately after admission to hospital and 6 hours after admission to calculate the 6‐hour lactate clearance rate .APACHE II score was evaluated at the same time .The patients were divided into three groups according to APACHE II score:10 to ＜20 (group A) ,20 to ＜30 (group B) ,≥30 (group C) .The three groups were compared in terms of early arterial blood lactate clearance rate and ScvO2 and estimate their association with the prognosis of patients .Results The initial arterial blood lactate concentration did not show significant difference between the three groups (P>0 .05) .The early lactate clearance rate and ScvO2 at 6 hours in group C were significantly lower than in group B .The values in group B were significantly lower than in group A (P＜0 .05) .The mortality rate in group C was significantly higher than in group B ,and the mortality rate in group B was significantly higher than in group A (P＜0 .05) .The APACHE II score of the dead patients was higher than that of the suevivors ,but early lactate clearance rate and ScvO2 level were lower than those of the survivors (P＜0 .05) .APACHE II score was negatively correlated to early lactate clearance rate (r=0 .661 ,P＜0 .01) and early ScvO2 level (r=0 .579 , P＜ 0 .01) .Conclusions Early lactate clearance rate and ScvO2 level are good indicators to reflect the severity of disease and predict the outcome in the patients with severe pneumonia .

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors concentrate on the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction and participate in the neuromuscular transmission,which is of great importance to normal muscle function. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a kind of pentamer.There are 2 types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor due to the different subunit:fetal type ?-AChR (? 2???) and adult type ?-AChR(? 2???). This article reviews the difference of 2 types of nAChR in expression period,distribution,regulation mechanism and physiological significance.

Objective:To explore potential differentiation from antigen-1 positive stem cells (Sca-1 +cells) in murine fetal liver tissue into cardiomyocytes in vivo. Methods: Sca-1 + cells from the murine fetal liver of 14.5 d were separated by Magnetic cell sorting (MACS).The sequence of the sex determination region of the Y chromosome was determined by PCR.Sca-1 + cells (2?10 3) of male mice were transfused to female mice receiving 8-12 weeks irradiation at a lethal dose of ?-ray(10 Gy) from a 60Co source.Two months later,the mice were killed and the hearts were removed to make slices. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) tests with a Y chromosome probe were used to detect sex of the cells.Immunohistochemistry with antibodies of desmin,Flt-1,white blood cell common antigen CD45 and macrophage F 4/80 were used to detect tissue characteristics of cardiomyocytes. Results: Cells with Y chromosome were found in the cardiomyocytes of female mice transplanted with Sca-1 + cells,and showed phenotypic characteristics of Desmin +/Flt-1-/CD45-/F- 4/80 at the same time.Conclusion: Sca-1 + cells from the murine fetal liver are mostly hematopoietic stem cells,having the potential of differentiating into cardiomyocytes.

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical and radiological characteristics of jugular foramen tumors.METHODS The clinical data of 32 patients with tumors of jugular foramen region treated from May 2006 to December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed.All patients were referred to systematic imaging examination of the temporal bone,such as CT(X-ray computed tomography) and MRI(magnetic resonance).Twenty two patients were further examined by angiography and embo1ized 24 hours before operation.Thirty one patients underwent different operations via different approaches, while one patient with glomus jugular tumor didn't receive operation because of fever caused by sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis.According to pathologic examination, 21 cases were glomus jugular tumors, 10 cranial nerve neurilemmomas.RESULTS In the 32 cases, the major initial clinical symptoms of jugular foramen tumors were tinnitus,hearing loss and facial palsy.Bone erosion and the "salt and pepper" sign were the characteristic appearance of glomus jugular tumor.Neurilemmoma showed compressive bone change, cystic area and moderate enhancement on CT.CONCLUSION The combination of CT and MRI examination is benefit for both diagnosis and the choice of surgical plan.

Objective To study action mechanism of rhamnocitrin in Oxytropis Falcata on enhance the immune function. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, positive control group, traditional Chinese medicine high, medium, and low dose groups. All treatment groups received gavage with relevant medicine for 10 days. From the 8th day, blank control group received intraperitoneal injection with normal saline, while other groups received intraperitoneal injection with cyclophosphamide for 3 days. Through macrophages carbon clearance test, macrophage phagocytosis of chicken erythrocytes test, and immunosuppressive mice organ index detection, effects of rhamnocitrin in Oxytropis Falcata on nonspecific immune function of immunosuppressive mice were observed. Results Compared with model group and blank control group, traditional Chinese medicine high, medium, and low dose groups could improve the phagocytic activity of immunosuppressive mice, clearance index, and phagocytic coefficient (P<0.05), and increase the organ index of the thymus and spleen. Compared with the positive control group, the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine high, medium, and low dose groups was low. Conclusion Rhamnocitrin in Oxytropis Falcata can enhance the immune function, improve the formation of spleen cells of mice serum hemolysin of chicken red blood cell immune.

Both pretreatment of lignocellulose and its saccharification process are treated with ultrasonic wave.The morphology,structure and crystal performance of the original and treated lignocellulose sample were characterized by SEM and FTIR.Moreover,the changes of raw materials caused by different pretreatment ways and the affect of saccharification rate brought about by ultrasonic wave were also studied.The result shows that the ultrasonic wave decreases the crystallinity of lignocellulose destroying the intermolecular hydrogen bonding effectively and improves the degradation rate of lignin and the saccharification rate of zymohydrolysis availably.The mechanism of activation of ultrasonic wave in zymohydrolysis process was discussed primarily.

Objective The purpose of this study was to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of enterococcal hemolysin and establish the foundation to diagnose and control relevant diseases.Methods Take 30 clean grade ICR mice were randomly divided into ten groups,each 6,1 to 4 groups according to 10-fold gradient amount per 1 ml intraperitoneal injection of 5× 107 cfu/ml~5×1010 cfu/ml of EF A7,group 5 as a control group injected 0.5 ml saline,take another 30 clean grade ICR mice,intraperitoneal injection of 5×107 cfu/ml~5×1010 cfu/ml of EF A7 cyl mutant by the same measures,compared to the original strains of mice infected with mutant strain LD50,and a week after infection mortality was observed in mice daily. Another seven groups of mice with the same bacterial concentration (5×109 cfu/ml)were injected intraperitoneally EF A7 and EF A7 cyl mutant,after infection 6 h,12 h and 24 h comparing the number of leukocytes in peripheral blood of mice,re-spectively,the concentration of TNF-αin the acute phase of cytokines.Results In the mouse peritonitis models the 50% le-thal dose (LD50)of EF A7 cyl mutant was 100 times lower than enterococcus faecalis EF A7.The differences of the survival percentage of EF A7 cyl mutant groups and EF A7 groups have significance (P<0.05).As the changes in boold leukocytes numbers and the TNF-αlevel.Conclusion Cyl gene is probably a major virulence factor of Enterococcus and plays an impor-tant role in the mouse peritonitis model.