Objective To examine the expression of IgA1 and B1a positive cells in palatine tonsils of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients, and to analyze the association between B1a cells and clinicopathological changes. Methods Eight patients diagnosed as IgAN by renal biopsy and 8 chronic tonsillitis patients without nephritis as control were enrolled in the study.Immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) were applied to observe the localization and quantitative calculation of Bla and IgA1 positive cells. Statistic analysis of the association of B1a cells with proteinuria and pathological Lee's grading was performed. Results Bla cells were mainly localized in germinal center of tonsil, and IgA1 positive cells were mainly localized in subepithelium of tonsil. Compared to control group, the percent of B1a cells and IgA1 positive cells was significantly higher in IgAN (P＜0.01). There was a positive correlation between Bla cells and IgA1 cells (P＜0.05). In IgAN, the percent of B1a cells in patients with hematuria and proteinuria was obviously higher than that of patients with hematuria only (P＜0.05). The number of Bla cells in IgAN patients with≥Lee's grade Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of those ＜ grade Ⅲ (P＜0.05). Conclusions IgA1 may be secreted by Bla cells in the tonsil of IgAN patients. The number of B1a cells is correlated with exacerbation of proteinuria and pathological severity, which may play an important role in pathogenesis of IgAN.

Aged ; Anthracosis ; complications ; pathology ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; pathology ; Edema ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; etiology ; pathology

Objective Non-traumatic and posteromedial subchondral osteonecrosis of trochlea tali (NTPSOTT) is a special type of necrosis of the talus , for which early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important .This study investigated the clinical ef-fectiveness of autogeneic cancellous bone transplantation in the treatment of NTPSOTT . Methods We retrospectively analyzed 21 cases of NTPSOTT treated by autogeneic cancellous bone transplantation and evaluated using the Clinical Rating System of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ( AOFAS) , Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS) , and X-ray and CT examinations . Results The pa-tients were followed up for 12-26 months and all healed desirably , with the graft well integrated into the surrounding tissue , but no as-similation, collapse of the articular surface , or narrowing of the joint space .The last follow-up visit revealed significantly improved AOFAS score (90.55 ±6.73 vs 50.87 ±11.42, P=0.009) and VAS score (1.32 ±0.81 vs 6.43 ±1.66, P=0.027) as compared with the baseline . Conclusion Autogeneic cancellous bone transplantation is preferable for the treatment of NTPSOTT , which can effectively reduce the pain in the ankle , maintain the joint space , and protect the function of the ankle .

Referring to the rules for agricultural seed testing (GB /T 3543-1995) issued by China, the test of sampling, seed purity, weight per 1 000 seeds, seed moisture, seed viability and germination rate had been studied for screening seed quality test methods of Pesudostellaria heterophylla. The seed quality from different collection areas was measured. The results showed that at least 6.5 g seeds should be sampled and passed through 10-mesh sieve for purity analysis. The weight of 1 000 seeds was determined by using the 500-seed method. The phenotypic observation and size measurement were used for authenticity testing. The seed moisture was determined under the higher temperature (130 ± 2) degrees C for 5 hours. The seeds were dipped into 0.2% TTC sustaining 1 hour at 40 degrees C, then the viability could be determined. The break dormancy seeds were cultured on sand at 10 degrees C. K cluster analysis was applied for the data analysis, the seed quality from different collection areas grading of P. Heterophylla was described as three grades. The seed quality of each grade should reach following requirements: for first grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 86%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.59 g, purity ≥ 87%, moisture ≤ 13.1%; for second grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 70%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.40 g, purity ≥ 77%, moisture ≤ 14.3%; for third grade seeds, germination rate ≥ 41%, 1 000-grain weight ≥ 2.29 g, purity ≥ 76%, moisture ≤ 15.8%. The seed testing methods for quality items of P. heterophylla had been initially established, as well as the primary P. heterophylla seed quality classification standard.
Caryophyllaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Germination ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Water ; analysis

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of posterior malleolar ankle fracture, and the selection of the surgical approach. Methods From January 2013 to September 2015, 83 cases of posterior malleolar fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Haraguchi typing was performed based on the three-dimensional CT. There were 54 cases with HaraguchiⅠtype, 16 cases with HaraguchiⅡtype, and 13 cases with HaraguchiⅢtype. The patients who were HaraguchiⅠand Haraguchi Ⅲtypes accepted the operation with posterolateral approach. The patients who were HaraguchiⅡtype and combined medial malleolus fracture accepted the operation with medial approach. The HaraguchiⅡpatients who were not combined medial malleolus fracture were used the medial paraachilles approach. Images of the ankle joint were filmed 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after the surgery. The healing time, complications and corresponding record outcome were determined by X-ray and clinical examination. At the last follow-up, ankle function and quality of life of patients were evaluated according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot score and SF-36. Results Eighty-three patients were follow-up for 6-24 (mean 15.4± 6.2) months. The fractures healed on X-ray. The average X-ray healing time was from 12 to 24 (mean 18.6±4.2) weeks. AOFAS score was 71 to 100 (mean 88.4±8.4) points. Sixty-seven cases were excellent, 14 cases were good, 2 cases were moderate, and good rate was 97.59%. SF-36 physiological score was 31.6-69.2 points(mean 48.4 ± 4.8 points);SF-36 psychological score 28.6-64.5 points(mean 45.8 ± 3.5 points). Chronic ankle pain was complained by one patient. He was diagnosed traumatic arthritis, oral non-steroidal drugs was used to relief his ankle pain. One patient wound infected, and healed after treatment. No instrument failure and fracture displacement were found. Conclusion According to fracture morphology and clinical features after posterior malleolar ankle fracture, different surgical approaches are selected, which will be satisfied with the outcome.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) associated intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods The clinical manifestations,treatment and prognosis of CAA associated intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed in 4 patients who were identified as CAA-related hemorrhage (CAAH) by pathology.Results All of the 4 patients showed massive lobar intracranial hemorrhage,and underwent craniotomy evacuation of hematoma.One patient had postoperative hemorrhage,and 2 patients were treated with recombinant activated factor Ⅶ after operation.In the next 6 months,re-hemorrhage was found in 3 patients in whom one patient died due to massive hemorrhage.Conclusions CAAH has varied clinical manifestations with high risk of cerebral hemorrhage,and pathological diagnosis is necessary for a definite diagnosis.The very elderly patients with CAAH can benefit from the craniotomy evacuation of hematoma.Although surgery for massive hemorrhage has risks in very elderly patients,it is a better treatment to save their lives.

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Widespread presence of glial cytoplasmic inclusions is the neuropathologic hallmark of MSA. The disease has long been considered as a sporadic disorder. However, in recent years, a few familial cases of MSA have been reported, and researches have verified certain genetic variants could increase the risk of MSA. These indicated genetic factors may play an imported role in the pathogenesis of MSA. In this review, the emerging evidence in favor of genetic players in MSA is discussed.
Animals ; Gene Dosage ; Genetic Research ; Humans ; Multiple System Atrophy ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the relation of the anogenital distance (AGD) with cryptorchidism in male newborns.

METHODSThis study included 350 male infants delivered in two community hospitals between September 2013 and September 2014. Within 24 hours after birth, a pediatric surgeon measured the AGD of the neonates and determined whether they had cryptorchidism. According to the testicular position, we divided the undescended testes into three types: upper scrotal, inguinal, and non-palpable.

RESULTSTotally 39 cases of cryptorchidism were found in the 350 newborns. The AGD of the cryptorchidism infants was significantly shorter than that of the normal neonates ([2.01 ± 0.22] vs [2.35 ± 0.19] cm, P < 0.01), and statistically significant differences remained even when preterm and low birth-weight infants were excluded ([2.32 ± 0.14] vs [2.06 ± 0.19] cm; (2.37 ± 0.17) cm vs (2.12 ± 0.12) cm, all P < 0.01). The newborns with higher-position cryptorchidism had a shorter AGD, though with no significant difference (F = 0.434, P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the AGD between unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism ([1.96 ± 0.13] vs [2.02 ± 0.17] cm, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONShorter AGD is associated with a higher incidence of cryptorchidism in male newborns. AGD could serve as a potential biomarker for disruption of androgen action during the male programming window period.

Androgens ; physiology ; Cryptorchidism ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Perineum ; abnormalities

Aged ; Arterioles ; pathology ; Coal Mining ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; pathology ; Pulmonary Artery ; pathology ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; etiology ; pathology

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Splints