Objective : To investigate the dynamic changes of the expression of GLUT1 mRNA and GLUT4 mRNA in rats myocardium with transient ischemia and reperfusion, and the relationship between the dynamic changes and the time during reperfusion. Methods : In rats, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 20 min followed by reperfusion for 4 hours, 1, 3 or 7 days as ischemia reperfusion model. The relative content of GLUT1 mRNA and GLUT4 mRNA in myocardium was detected by RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis imaging. Results: During myocardial post-ischemia and reperfusion, the levels of GLUT1 mRNA got up to the peak at 4th hour[ (0.666?0. 003 ) vs (0. 509?0.002) controls , P 0.05). Conclusion; Transient ischemia and reperfusion induce the expression of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 genes in rat myocardi- um, which contribute to promote glucose utilization during ischemia, protect ischemic myocardium and improve functional recovery on reperfusion.

Objective To investigate the effects of methamphetamine (Meth) on the outward K+ currents and elucidate the role of outward K+ channels in Meth induced hippocampal neuron damage.Methods Hippocampal neurons were harvest from 18-day-old embryonic rats and were divided into two groups:the control group and the Meth treated group.Both of 4-AP and TEA sensitive K+ currents were recorded after the treatment of Meth by performing the whole cell patch clamp.Furthermore,the MTT and TUNEL assays were performed to evaluate the effects of K+ channel on hippocampal neuron damage mediated by Meth.For statistical comparison,One-way ANOVA and LSD multiple comparison test or t-test was used.P-value ＜ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results The density of 4-AP sensitive K+ channel currents in Meth treated group [(120.1 ± 19.6) pA/pF,n =7] were significantly increased when compared with control group [(87.4 ± 12.5) pA/pF,n =10,P ＜0.01] and the increments of the currents induced by Meth was dose dependent.The MTT data showed that the cell viability was obviously decreased in Meth treated group (48.72 ± 4.38) ％ relative to the control group (100.07 ± 3.36) ％.Moreover,application of K+ channel antagonist,4-AP (61.39 ± 3.15)％,and the high K+ solution (78.25 ± 9.42) ％ substantially enhanced the cell viability.The TUNEL assay showed there were protective effects of 4-AP and the high K+ solution against neuron damage observed during cells exposed to Meth.Conclusions The increments of 4-AP sensitive K+ channel currents induced by Meth might be involved in hippocampal neuron damage.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Humans ; Instillation, Drug ; Leukemia ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Methotrexate ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of using dual laser system in off clamp nephronsparing surgery.Methods We used dual laser system in the patients who underwent off-clamp NSS between Jan 2016 and Apr 2016 in our institution.There were 16 males and 8 females with average age of 49 years.Mean tumor size was 1.9 cm (range 0.8-3.2 cm).The mean R.E.N.A.L.score was 3.8 (range 3-6).The mean Zhongshan score was 3.5(range 3-5).The mean ZⅡ(zero ischemia index)was 1.6(range 1-4).The Evolve Dual (980 nm/1 470 nm) laser system set at 60 W in continuous mode was used.Results Offclamp NSS was successfully performed in 22 patients except for renal artery occlusion in 2 case.Mean operative time was 74 min(range 50-100 min);The average estimated blood loss was 52.9 ml(range 10-200 ml);Mean postoperative drainage was 65.4 ml(range 20-150ml);Mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.2 days (range:4-7days).No severe post-operative complication was found.The mean pre-and postoperative serum creatinine levels were 76.2 μmol/L(range:48-112μ mol/L) and 81.5μ mol/L(range:54-122 μ mol/L) with no significant difference(P ＞0.05).The postoperative pathology indicated that 20 cases of clear cell carcinomas,3 cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas,one case of papillary carcinoma.Conclusions Dual laser system can be used in off clamp nephron-sparing surgery safely and effectively.

Aim To study effects of loganin and morro-niside on aging astrocytes induced by D-galactose. Methods Cortex astrocytes of newly born rats were cultured in vivo and indentified by immunofluorescence method.Firstly,appropriate D-galactose concentration was selected and effects of loganin and morroniside on proliferation activity of aging astrocytes induced by D-galactose were determined by MTT test.Then SOD, MDA were taken as indicators to study the effects of loganin and morroniside on aging astrocytes induced by D-galactose.Thirdly,growth factors like gliar cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF),basic fibro-blast growth factor (bFGF)tested by ELISA method and expression of Bax,caspase-3,phospho-extracellu-lar signal-regulated kinese (p-ERK1 /2),phospho-mi-togen-actived protein kinase /extracellular signal-regu-lated kinase kinase (p-MEK1 /2)were taken as indi-cators to discuss the potential protection mechanism. Results Loganin and morroniside exerted certain effects on proliferation of aging astrocytes induced by D-galactose,improving SOD,GDNF,bFGF release and lowering MDA release significantly (P <0.05 ). The expressions of Bax and caspase-3 proteins had no difference between model group and loganin group, morroniside group.While the expressions of p-ERK1 /2,p-MEK1 /2 of loganin group,morroniside group were improved significantly compared with model group.Conclusion Loganin and morroniside have protective effects on aging astrocytes induced by D-ga-lactose,and increase the proliferation ability.Protec-ting their antioxidant systems and improving the expres-sion of p-ERK1 /2,p-MEK1 /2 proteins are possible mechanisms.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts (OC), and to explore its role in orthodontic force-induced root resorption and its relationship with OC.Methods:The mononuclear / macrophage cells RAW264.7 were induced to the OC.Tacrolimus acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and bone resorption lacunae observation were used to identify the induction.CCK-8 method was used to select the appropriate concentration of UA for RAW264.7 cell-free biotoxicity and to observe its effect on the proliferation and differentiation of RAW264.7.In experimental groups, UA with gradient concentrations (1.0,2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0and 40.0 μmol·L-1)were added.UA was not added in control group.Results:The TRAP staining and bone resorption lacunae observation showed that after the RAW264.7 cells were induced for 5 d, the TRAP staining positive cells were found;the resorption lacunae were rounded,and oval, etc,the bottom wall was coarser,and the boundary was clear,which indicated that the RAW264.7 cells were successfully differentiated into the osteoclasts.The CCK-8 detection results showed that high concentration of UA (> 10.0 μmol·L-1) significantly inhibited the proliferation of OC;the appropriate concentration of UA (5.0 μmol·L-1) was in the biological safety concentration range and could inhibit the OC proliferation;low concentration of UA (<2.5 μmol·L-1) had no effect.Conclusion:RANKL can induce the differentiation and maturation of RAW264.7 cells.UA is correlated with the proliferation and differentiation of OC;UA has inhibitory effect on OC at the appropriate concentration (5.0 μmol·L-1) in a time-dependent manner.

Objective To explore the neural damage induced by acute exposure to methamphetamine (METH).Methods The mice were administrated with METH,then the stereotyped behavior of mice was evaluated,and spatial recognition memory was analyzed by Y-maze test.In addition,nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was detected by kit,and the apoptotic proteins including Bax,Bcl-2,Caspase-3 were assayed by using Western blot.The DNA injury induced by METH was observed by using the comet assay.Moreover,mitochondrial membrane potential was detected to assess the toxic effects of METH on mitochondria by JC-1.With the Western blot assay,the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathways were also investigated.Results Acute METH exposure significantly increased the stereotyped behavior in mice,and spatial recognition ability of mice was obviously decreased.On the molecular level,total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were increased,and the apoptotic proteins,such as Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were markedly enhanced.With the comet assay,it showed that METH exposure resulted in DNA damage.In parallel,mitochondrial membrane was damaged which manifested as mitochondrial membrane potential decreased.With the western blot,It was further found that METH enhanced the activation of MAPKs.However,p38 MAPK signahng pathway was demonstrated to be the only one factor involved in METH-induced neural damage.Conclusion METH induced neural damage,and MAPK signaling pathways might be involved in this process,since inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling pathway significantly ameliorated METH-induced neural damage.

Objective To evaluate the effect and feasibility of mini-flank approach for open partial nephrectomy (MI-OPN) in complex renal tumors with high Zhongshan Score (ZS Score ≥8).Methods Between January 2012 and December 2014, the data from 25 patients with renal tumors , including 18 male and 7 female patients, were retrospectively reviewed.The average age was 50.2 years(range 26-75 years) and the average body mass index was 24.5 kg/m2(range 21.3-30.1 kg/m2).The initial symptom included asymptom in 17 cases, hematuria in 6 cases and other presentation in 2 cases.Bilateral renal tumors were found in 4 cases.Fifteen cases suffered with contralateral urinary stone , renal cyst or hydronephrosis .The preoperative serum creatinine level was 76.9 μmol/L ( range 47 -132 μmol/L ) and the preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 103.8 ml/(min· 1.73 m2)(range 36.5-173.9).The ZS Score was 8 in 11 cases, 9 in 3 cases, 10 in 5 cases, 11 in 2 cases, 12 in 2 cases, and 13 in 2 cases.Mean maximum tumor size was 4.9 cm ( range 2.5-8.1 cm) in CT scan.The average length of incision was 8.0 cm( 7.5 -10.0 cm ) .During the operation , the mass and around normal renal tissue were exposed after opening the Gerota fascia.Along the dorsal of kidney , the renal artery was dissected and clamped .Then, the mass was completely removed along margin of 0.5-1.0 cm normal renal tissue.The vascular end was closed by 3-0 absorbable suture.The entire wound of kidney was U shaped closed by 2-0 absorbable suture.The operative time, ischemia time, estimate blood loss, pathology parameters, operative and short-term (2 -3 months) postoperative complications were recorded .Renal function was recorded 2 -3 months after operation.Results MI-OPN was successfully performed in 23 cases.Radical nephrectomy was performed in 1 cases due to the tumor invasion into the renal pelvis and ureteropelvic junction .Another radical nephrectomy was performed for suspection of positive margin .Mean operative time was 100.2 min ( range 75-150 min) , mean warm ischemia time was 28.3 min( range 21-39 min) and mean estimated blood loss was 63.6 ml(range 10-400 ml).Only 1 case accepted blood transfusion.Mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.6 days (range 5-9 days).Postoperative complications were found in 1 patient, who was found the fluid in surgical region and relieved after the drainage . The pathological diagnosis included clear cell carcinoma in 21 cases, papillary carcinoma in 3 cases and chromophobe cell tumor in 1 case.The mean postoperative serum creatinine level was 88.9μmol/L( range 61-189μmol/L) and the mean postoperative eGFR was 86.3 ml/( min· 1.73 m2 ) ( range 34.0-149.6 ) .There was significant difference between pre and postoperative renal function ( P<0.01 ) .During the average follow-up period of 13.7 months ( range 6-24 months ) , no local recurrence or metastasis occurred .Conclusion MI-OPN is an innovation of traditional OPN and suitable for the complex renal tumors with high ZS score .

Objective To investigate the injury mechanism, fracture characteristics, treatment strategy and prognosis of Pilon fracture without fibula fracture. Methods 28 cases of Pilon fracture without fibula fracture (29 fractures) treated in our hos?pital were adapted from January 2009 to December 2014. 22 cases were male, 6 were female, aged 46 years old (23-75). Cause of injury:tumble in 14 cases, fall from high place in 8 cases, traffic accident in 5 cases, bruise in 1 case. 10 cases had associated in?juries, and 2 cases were open injuries. The OA/ATO fracture type, Rüedi&Allgower fracture type, and characteristics of fractures were summarized. The appropriate treatments were selected, and the operative method, operative time, surgical approach, fixation, fracture healing time, ankle Mazur score, Burwell?Charnley reduction score and postoperative complications were recorded. Re?sults On the mechanism of injury, 28 cases mostly had a median?low energy injury mechanism with little open injuries. On the fracture characteristics, there was a 96.6%anterior distal tibia articular fracture involved with no other specific fracture character?istics occurred. The treatment of the fracture mostly received a single operative approach to complete open reduction and internal fixation operation. The average operation time was 119 minutes, the average fracture healing time was 7.1 months, the excellent and good rate of ankle Mazur score was 86.2%and the satisfactory rate of Burwell?Charnley fracture reduction score was 93.1%. Skin infections occurred in 3 patients after operation. After effective antibiotic and correct clinical treatment, the incisions got healed in these 3 patients. Conclusion Pilon fracture with intact fibula mostly is caused by median to low energy injury when an?kle at neutral or varus position, most with anterior distal tibia articular fracture by foot dorsal flexion. Generally use a single anteri?or approach can complete open reduction and internal fixation operation with satisfactory clinical treatment. This kind of fracture could achieve good reduction, good bone healing, good function and little complications after correct treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) and the first-phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β cell under different glucose tolerance statuses. Methods Fifty-six patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM group), 52 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT group), and 42 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT group) underwent intravenous glucose tolerance test. Fasting serum SFRP4 and interleukin ( IL)-1β were assayed by ELISA. Acute insulin response ( AIR), the area under the curve of the first-phase (0-10 min) insulin secretion (AUC), glucose disposition index(GDI), homeostasis model assessment for β cell function index(HOMA-β), and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) were calculated. Results (1) The levels of SFRP4 and IL-1β in T2DM group and IGT group were significantly higher than that in NGT group [(184. 38 ± 61. 34 or 141. 64 ± 40. 46 or 95. 46 ± 20. 13)ng/ ml, P<0. 01]. AIR, AUC, and GDI in T2DM group and IGT group were significantly lower than those in NGT group(P<0. 01), and these results were more significantly reduced in T2DM group compared with those in IGT group. (2) SFRP4 was negatively correlated with AIR, AUC, GDI, HOMA-β (P<0. 01), and positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose after glucose loading, HbA1C , IL-1β, and high sensitive C-reactive protein(P<0. 01). (3) Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that AUC, HOMA-IR, and serum IL-1β level were independently associated with SFRP4. Conclusion The concentration of serum SFRP4 is closely correlated with the glycolipid metabolic disorder, the first-phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and chronic low-grade inflammation. SFRP4 may be involved in the mechanism of β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.