BACKGROUND: A variety of cages for lumbar interbody fusion have been used, which have good mechanics and clinical effects. Conventional posterior fusion requires parallel implantation of two cages, but some researchers believe that single lumbar fusion cage in oblique way is also possible.OBJECTIVE: Through in vitro biomechanical tests, to find a method with favorable effect and little trauma by combination of percutaneous lateral oblique way into the single expansive lumbar fusion cage between the fixed-line operations.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Shanghai Institute of Biomechanical Engineering between May 2005 and May 2008.MATERIALS: Expansile lumbar interbody fusion cage was simulated from B-Twin Cage (Disc-O-Tech, Israel). Fresh calf lumbar specimens were used.METHODS: Biomechanical tests were performed in 18 specimens of calf lumbar function spinal units (FSU), which were divided into 3 groups: 6 in control group, 6 in single cage groups and 6 in two-cage groups. The biomechanical tests of two experimental groups were performed following tests of intact specimens. Stiffness tests were conducted in the WE-10A MTS,including axial compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Axial and torsion stiffness results of each group.RESULTS: The stiffness was greater in two-cage groups compared with single cage group in axial compression and extension, but significant differences were only found in axial compression and extension tests (P < 0.05). The torsion stiffness of single cage group was significantly greater than two-cage groups (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Percutanous lumbar interbody fusion by single expansile lumbar interbody fusion cage from lateral approach is feasible theoretically. Biomechanical properties of FSU with B-Twin cage are improved, which contributes a lot to lumbar stability. Compared with posterior approach of single cage, two-cage can provide better stiffness and stability but its torsion stability is lower.

Objective To study whether closed reduction and interlocking intramedullary nailing will worsen the injured radial nerve associated with the fracture of humeral shaft.Methods Of the 353 patients with fracture of humeral shaft who received operation from January 2002 to January 2005,63 ones were complicated with preoperative injury to their radial nerve.A retrospective analysis was done of their physical examination records, operative records,X-ray films and results of the treatment.Eleven cases were treated with closed reduction and interlocking intramedullary nailing,and 52 cases with open reduction and internal fixation of plates and screws fol- lowed by exploration to the radial nerve.Chisquare test of PEMS 3.1 system was adopted to analyze the clinical data. Results The radial nerve was embedded by the fracture ends in nine cases(17.3%)of the 52 cases,and con- tused in the other 43 ones.In the 63 cases,The injured nerves recovered spontaneously 2 to 12 weeks postoperatively except in twn cases.All the eases got bony union 3 to 4 months after operation.Closed reduction and interlocking intramedullary nailing has hardly more harmful effects on the injured radial nerve assoeiated with the fracture of humeral shaft than open reduction and internal fixation of plates and screws followed by neural exploration.Con- clusion Closed reduction and interlocking intramedullary nailing is fit for the freatment of fractures of humeral shaft with radial nerve injury.

Objective To investigate the prognosis of two subtypes of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). Methods Forty patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus were followed-up for 3 to 14 years. The clinical and laboratory findings, the response to treatment and the prognosis in these cases were comparatively analyzed. Results During the follow-up period, the patients with annular erythema subtype of SCLE showed recurrent annular skin lesions and mild systemic manifestations. Some patients gradually developed sicca symptoms. On the other hand, most patients with papulosquamous subtype of SCLE developed systemic LE manifestions. 21.7％ of the patients in the annular erythema group had mild nephritis which could be controlled by lower dose of corticosteroids and no patients died. However, 64.7％ of the patients in the papulosquamous group had moderate to severe lupus nephritis, which required higher dose of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents to control. Among them, One patient died and 3 patients developed uremia. Conclusion Annular erythema subtype of SCLE is milder and has a better prognosis than that of papulosquamous subtype.

Immune cells that undergo increased apoptosis include lymphocytes and macrophages,yet the apoptosis of neutrophils is decreased in sepsis.Increase in apoptosis has also been reported in non-immune cells such as gastrointestinal cells,epithelial cells of lung as well as endothelial cells.The altered apoptotic cell death may contribute to the initiation and aggravation of immune and organ dysfunction in sepsis.Elucidating the changes and mechanism of apoptosis and taking measures to control apoptosis may be an effective strategy for the treatment of sepsis.

Objective To investigate the hyperglycemic effect on ultrastructural morphology and intercellular adhension molecule 1(ICAM 1) expression of BBB. Methods Hyperglycemia model was established by intravenous injection of streptozocin in SD rats. A dynamic observation on the changes of the ultrastructure and the ICAM 1 expression on endothelium of BBB in SD rats with hyperglycemia for 3 days to 8 months was carried out by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical method. Results Swelling was slight in endothelium of BBB of rats with hyperglycemia for 3 days, became obvious and occurred in endfoot of astrocyte for 1 to 2 months, and some microthrombi appeared in cavity of capillary with various malformation and apoptosis was found in endothelium of BBB and neuron surrounding abnormal capillary for 3 to 8 months. With immunohistochemical study, ICAM 1 was expressed sparsely on endothelium of BBB in 3 days after injection of streptozocin, became markedly strong in 3 months, and progressed further in 6 to 8 months. There was no changes on BBB in both SD rats and negative controls. Conclusion Long term hyperglycemia could cause obvious ultrastructural changes of BBB, associated with ICAM 1 expression on endothelium of BBB induced by hyperglycemia

Objective To clone a new human gene 5 trans-activated by pre-S1 protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV), PS1TP5, and explore its structure and function by bioinformatics analysis. Methods PS1TP5 was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique by using HepG2 cDNA as template and inserted into pGEM-T vector by TA cloning. Recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA TM 3.1/myc-His A-PS1TP5 had been constructed by subcloning, followed by restriction enzyme digestion analysis and sequencing. Bioinformatic methods were used to analyze its possible physical and chemical characters, structure, and function. Results PS1TP5 was successfully amplified and cloned into pGEM-T and pcDNA TM 3.1/myc-His A vector by RT-PCR from HepG2 cDNA. The new gene had been confirmed by sequencing after PCR identification and restriction enzyme digestion and named as PS1TP5 because of its trans-active function. The sequence for the PS1TP5 gene had been deposited into GenBank, the accession number was AY427953. Bioinformatics analysis showed that its ORF was 438bp and translated a protein of 145 aa. Conclusion A new gene-PS1TP5 has been recognized, and its recombinant eukaryotic expression vector (pcDNA TM 3.1/myc-His A-PS1TP5) has been constructed. These results will certainly bring some new clues for the study of the biological function of new gene and pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To study the exact function of HBeBP4A so as to investigate the gene expression of HBeBP4A in yeast cell.Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was employed to amplify the gene of HBeBP4A from recombinant plasmids pcDNA 3.1/myc-HisA-HBeBP4A,and the gene was cloned into pGEM-T vector.The gene of HBeBP4A was cut from pGEM-T-HBeBP4A vector and cloned into yeast expressive plasmid pGBKT7,and pGBKT7-HBeBP4A was then transformed into yeast AH109.The yeast protein was isolated and analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Western blotting hybridization.Results HBeBP4A gene was successfully amplified and identified by DNA sequencing.The digested fragment was cloned into pGBKT7 vector and transformed into yeast cell AH109.The SDS-PAGE and Western blotting assay showed that the relative molecular weight of the expressed product was about 61.37kD,and HBeBP4A protein existed in yeast cells.Conclusion The findings suggested that HBeBP4A was successfully expressed into yeast system.

Objective To study action mechanism of rhamnocitrin in Oxytropis Falcata on enhance the immune function. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, positive control group, traditional Chinese medicine high, medium, and low dose groups. All treatment groups received gavage with relevant medicine for 10 days. From the 8th day, blank control group received intraperitoneal injection with normal saline, while other groups received intraperitoneal injection with cyclophosphamide for 3 days. Through macrophages carbon clearance test, macrophage phagocytosis of chicken erythrocytes test, and immunosuppressive mice organ index detection, effects of rhamnocitrin in Oxytropis Falcata on nonspecific immune function of immunosuppressive mice were observed. Results Compared with model group and blank control group, traditional Chinese medicine high, medium, and low dose groups could improve the phagocytic activity of immunosuppressive mice, clearance index, and phagocytic coefficient (P<0.05), and increase the organ index of the thymus and spleen. Compared with the positive control group, the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine high, medium, and low dose groups was low. Conclusion Rhamnocitrin in Oxytropis Falcata can enhance the immune function, improve the formation of spleen cells of mice serum hemolysin of chicken red blood cell immune.

Objective To distinguish two Bithynia species,Bithynia fuchsiana and Bithynia robusta collected from Heng County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,by using morphological and DNA barcoding methods. Methods The adult B. fuchsiana and B. robusta were collected from the biotope such as rivers,ditches and ponds in Heng County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China. The two species specimens were identified by measuring shell morphological parameters,compar?ing the characters of the male reproductive system,and using the COI gene barcoding technique and building phylogenetic tree. Results B. fuchsiana and B. robusta were similar morphologically in the shell appearance;they had the similar snail height, snail width,shape and male reproductive structure. The DNA sequence analysis showed that the COI gene of the two Bithynia species had low sequence divergence with 11 variation sites among 22 sequences. The length of the COI gene segment was 517 bp and no insertion sites and deletion loci after sequence edited. All individuals of the two species gathered to one clade in the phylogenetic tree based on COI gene. Conclusion According to the evidence of morphology and COI gene coding sequence,B. fuchsiana and B. robusta from Heng County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,are likely to be the same species.

Objective To know the sleeping quality of clinical nurses in Urumqi, and analyze the influencing factors, put forward the corresponding countermeasures for different factors to improves the sleeping quality. Methods Randomly selected 407 nurses in clinical departments as the research objects in Urumqi top three hospitals, using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PSQI) and general situation questionnaire to investigate, and then analyzed the results of the survey. Results The incidence rate of sleeping disorders in emergency nurses was the highest (80.00%), followed by pediatric, intensive department, internal medicine, surgical department, operating room, outpatient and others was the lowest (39.02%). Gender (t=-2.015, P =0.045), age (F=8.509, P =0.000), establishment(F=3.609, P =0.013) were the influence factors of PSQI scores. Only the difference of the scores of hypnotic drugs between different ethnic groups was significant, P<0.05, while the others had no significant difference, P>0.05. Conclusions Poor sleeping quality of nurses existed in every department, its sleeping quality status, department, gender, age and establishment have certain correlation, interventions should be strengthened, to improve the overall level of sleeping.