Objective: To synthesize a new type of cationic polymers (β-ammo esters) (PBAE) and to study its role as a gene vector. Methods: PBAE was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction. PBAE/pDNA complex nanoparticles were prepared by self-assembly, and the gene tranfection efficiency mediated by the nanoparticles into HEK293 cells in vitro was observed. Results: When weight ratio of PBAE/pDNA was 50: 1, pDNA was completely wrapped. And the transfection efficiency of PBAE/pDNA nanoparticles (PBAE/pDNA weight ratio being 200: 1) was significantly higher than PEI/pDNA nanoparticles (43.3% ± 3.7% vs 30.3% ± 2.1%, P < 00.05). Conclution: Cationic poly(β-amino esters) can electrostatically bind to and condense anionic DNA into nanometersized parties. PBAE/pDNA nanopartides has a high transfection efficiency in in vitro transfection experiments.

To investigate the significance and age characteristics of CVB infections among common diseases of children.CVB Ag and CVB IgM were detected from the sera in 967 children in hospital. Positive rates of CVB Ag and CVB IgM in the upper respiratory tract infection group, the lower respiratory tract infection group, the myocarditis group, the asthma group, the ITP group and the anaphylactoid purpura group were higher than the control group.Most of the children with positive CVB were in the 0～1 year age group and 1～3 years age group had respiratory tract infection. With increasing age,the number of the children with respiratory tract infection gradually decreased,while number of the children with myocarditis,asthma,ITP and anaphylactoid purpura increased in those children with positive CVB. It suggests that, beside respiratory tract infection,CVB plays an important role in pathogenesis of myocarditis,asthma,ITP and allergic purpura in children.

Objective Probing into the "informed choice" and its features for patients in dentist clinics for the purposes of optimizing clinical practice and reducing doctor-patient disputes, for a better patient satisfaction.Methods Questionnaire are designed for a random sampling among 106 outpatients in the dentist clinic, studying the conflict, support factors and information channels of informed choices available for dentistry patients.Results The 100 questionnaires recovered indicate that patients at large are faced with conflicts in informed choice, and they tend to seek doctor's advice for comparison among different treatments.Conclusion Dental patients deserve "informed choice", as this may guide clinical practices and improve patient satisfaction, for a more harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

Objective To develop and charaterize a series of Poloxamer-and Carbopol-based in situ gel for ophthalmic use as to enhance the ability of drug to retain in eyes and delay drug release.Methods The gel was prepared using Poloxamer 407/188 and Carbopol 974P as gelling agent and viscosity enhancer,respectively.Rheological characteristics were evaluated and behaviour of drug release in vitro was investigated by modified Franz diffusion cells.Results The rheological study indicated that the gel was physically entangled polymer solutions at 20 ℃ and then converted into a network structure with secondary bonds at 35 ℃.The gel released the drug molecules slowly in 4 h.The best fit model was Higuchi matrix model(r=0.992 3).Formulations consisting of Poloxamer 188 and Carbopol 974P were proved to be able to decrease the drug release speed efficiently.The impact on elastic modulus G" of the gel caused by those two were different.Conclusion An in situ gel with suitable sol-gel transition temperature and satisfactory release pattern could be achieved by adjusting the ratio of Poloxamer 407 to Poloxamer 188.The developed formulations have the ability to prolong the ocular residence time,which suggests it may be a new durg delivery system with bright future.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Nifedipine ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Ureter ; drug effects ; physiology ; Urination ; drug effects ; Vitamin K 3 ; pharmacology

Medical psychology master's degree graduate student course mainly includes basic cour-ses, professional courses and psychological skills training, professional practice skills learning and scientific research quality training. Due to the constraints of discipline development starting late, teachers being rela-tively weak and other objective factors, in curriculum setting, there exist problems of unclear objectives, confusing the primary with secondary, unclear standard, lacking principles, and in particular, there are obvious deficiencies in the training and cultivation of students' ! professional skills . Based on the above objective problems, we made preliminary discussion on the training objectives, the main problems, curricu-lum setting, assessment standards and principles to follow, in order to achieve the purpose of cultivating high-level application-oriented talents through curriculum design and teaching practice.

As an emerging discipline, medical psychology undergraduate education is restricted by many conditions, such as subject orientation, training objectives, curriculum setting, teaching con-tent, teaching material system, teaching mode, professional practice, assessment and graduation and so on. To improve the training quality and level, the paper explores the corresponding education strat-egy from the aspects of subject orientation, training objectives, curriculum and teaching contents. For example in the subject orientation and training objectives the principle of paying equal attention to medical and psychological disciplines is reflected, and at the same time the construction of the curricu-lum, teaching contents and curriculum system is strengthened to highlight the psychology and medical integration and mutual penetration. In the link of teaching, professional practice, graduation appraisal and award process, practical skills training and assessment are focused on, and the relevant national qualification examination is taken as award criteria.

Objective Using stem tip of Gymnadenia conopsea in this experiment to investigate somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in vitro.Methods Uniform dedign for the most suitable media for embryogenic callus induction and embryogenic cell complex,development of somatic embryo and plant regeneration were screened.Results The results showed that Chaturvedi and Mitra(CM)+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IAA 2.0 mg/L+2,4-D 0.1 mg/L was fit for embryogenic callus and embryogenic cell complex induction.Percentage was 98%;The medium of development of somatic embryo and plant regeneration was CM+6-BA 1.00 mg/L+IAA 0.10 mg/L.Percentage was 100% and converted into plantlets with shoots and roots after 50 d culture on the same medium.Conclusion The observation of morphostructure and ultrastructure proves the process of somatic embryogenesis of G.conopsea.

Objective: To investigate the effect of survivin and bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides ( AsODN) combined transfection on the human gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD in vitro. Methods: Survivin and Bcl-2 protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemical method; Cultured cells were divided into 4 groups: Nomal control group, survivin antisense observed group, bcl-2 antisense observed group and combined group. After transfected for 24 h, the expression of survivin mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cell morphological changes were observed under electron microscopy. Apoptosis index (AI) was examined by flow cytometry; Inhibitory rate (IR) was determined by the colorimetri MTT cell viability and proliferation assay. Results: Survivin and Bcl-2 protein were highly expressed in gall bladder carcinoma cells; The expression of survivin mRNA was decreased 47. 8%. Abnormal morphological changes of cells were observed in the three AsODN transfection groups; The AI in survivin antisense observed group,bcl-2 antisense observed group,and combined group was 11.38%?3.91% , 9.26%?4.15% , 28.45%?6.34% respectively and significantly higher than the nomal control group (P