Three strategies for nephrologists are to recognize the signs of early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease ( CKD),to identify and treat risk factors of progression of CKD and to cure or slow-down the progress of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The idea of individual therapies obtaining optimal clinical results in tumor treatment urged people to find and apply biomarkers for personalized diagnosis of the risk factors of CKD susceptibility and progression,which provide a rationale for pursuing personalized medicine.(Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:784-789)

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of childhood intracranial tumor.Methods The age and sex distribution,location of tumor,clinical manifestation,imaging examination and pathological examination,diagnosis and treatment of 98 children under 14 years old admitted into Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jun.2003 to Sep.2008 were analyzed.Results There were 63 male and 35 female in the study.The gender ratio(male to female) was 1.8:1.The age range was 4 months to 14 years old,75 cases(76.5%) visited a doctor in the course of disease from 1 to 90 days.The tumors of 60 cases(61.2%) were located in posterior cranial fossa,while 14 cases(14.3%) in cerebral hemisphere.The most common intracranial tumors were medulloblastom(30 cases,30.6%),astrocytic tumor(26 cases,26.5%),ependymal tumor(17 cases,17.3%),craniopharyngioma(10 cases,10.2%) and germ cell tumor(4 cases,4.1%).The main clinical manifestations were vomiting(61 cases,62.2%),headache(58 cases,59.2%),instability of gait or incoordination(38 cases,38.8%),29 cases(29.6%) of the tumors were misdiagnosed.Obstructive hydrencephalus was found in 78 cases(79.6%) by imaging examination,positive rate of tumor′s diagnosis was 95.9% and 100% by brain CT and MRI scaning,respectively.Conclusions Intracranial tumors in childhood are mostly located in posterior cranial fossa with atypical clinical manifestations and short course of diseases.It is common to be misdiagnosed at early stage.Brain CT and MRI examinations are helpful for early diagnosis,which should be considered for the children when unreasonable increased intracranial pressure and localizing neurological sings exist.

To guarantee the basic quality of nursing service, many countries have carried out the licensure examinations for registered nurses, which are used not only to evaluate the quality of nursing education but also to guide the development of education. This paper reviewed the process of the establishment of the systems, and outlined the features of the examinations in content design, organization and implementation, improvement and development trends in both China and America in order to improve ours.

al blood lactic acid monitoring is simple, easy and practical to use in predicting prognosis of ICU patients sensitively.

Objective To review recent studies on the research advance of the relationship between RET proto-oncogene and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods The literatures in recent years on the structure of RET gene and coding product,cell signal transduction,relationship between RET proto-oncogene and differentiated thyroid carcinoma were reviewed.Results RET gene encoding tyrosine kinase receptor,involving in cell signal transduction,rearrangement of RET gene was frequently seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Conclusion Rearrangement of RET gene was closely correlated with the occurrence and progress of differentiated thyroid carcinoma,RET gene may be considered as a new therapeutic target for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

AIM: To explore the oxidant-antioxidant status and levels of mononuclear cells (PBMCs) oxdative DNA damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to value the effect of resveratrol on peripheral blood mononuclear cells oxidative DNA damage in T2DM patients in vitro. METHODS: The DNA damages in PBMCs of 39 T2DM patients with vascular complication, and 29 T2DM patients without complication were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis (the comet percentage). The levels of plasma total antioxidative capacity (TAC), the contents of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma thiol group (SH) were measured. The effect of resveratrol on DNA damage of T2DM patients were investigated in vitro. In addition, 26 healthy subjects were studied as a control group. RESULTS: The comet percentage of PBMCs and the contents of plasma MDA in T2DM patients without complication were all significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P

Objective To investigate the effect of steroid receptor coactivator family in initiation, development, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The literatures in recent years which have related to the effect of steroid receptor coactivators in breast cancer are reviewed. Results Steroid receptor coactivators are essential for several kinds of steroid hormones binding to steroid receptors, so they are important accessory factors that induce the initiation, development and recurrence of breast cancer, and predictive factors that estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusion Inhibition of the expression and signaling pathway of steroid receptor coactivators may be effective for breast cancer prevention and treatment.

This article discusses the relevant factors which influence the assessment and diagnosis of personality disorder, especially the relationships between personality disorder and personality,personality disorder and the axis I conditions in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) system and its particularity of assessment. Such discussion helps to improve the clinical worker's comprehension to the psychopathology, personality disorder and their relationships.

Objective To discuss the application effect of FMEA in reduction of unplanned extubation of PICC.Methods FMEA was applied to find out the failure mode of unplanned extubation of PICC,and then assessed it from three dimensions,which were the likelihood of occurrence,the possibility of being discovered,and the seriousness of the failure,and then calculated the RPN values,risk priority,and plan optimization process,at the last made a proactive behavior intervention.81 patients were selected as the control group before the application of FMEA and 98 patients were set as the experimental group after the application of FMEA.The incidence of unplanned extubation was compared between two groups.Results There was statistically significant difference in unplanned extubation between two groups.Conclusions Application of FMEA can reduce the rate of unplanned extubation of PICC.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients.Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy,and mitochondrial function depends on the stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane structure.Studies on the molecular alteration and the underlying mechanism of the cardiocyte mitochondrial membrane of the diabetic heart may give us deeper insights into diabetic cardiomyopathy,and help us make a breakthrough in the therapeutic strategies.