This paper describes the development and challenge of HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network and quality assurance system in China. At present, the HIV/AIDS testing laboratories includes three classes, the National AIDS Reference Laboratory, HIV/AIDS confirmatory laboratories and HIV/AIDS screening laboratories. All of them are accredited by the health authorities, and each class of laboratories take charge of their function strictly according to the "National Management of HIV/AIDS Detection (2006)". A complete quality assurance and quality control system for HIV/AIDS testing has been developed, which includes technical training, strict laboratory monitoring and approval,examination or proficiency testing on HIV/AIDS detection, and quality evaluation and supervision of HIV/AIDS diagnostic kits. Besides conduct the routine anti-HIV antibody test, more and more laboratories began to conduct other tests, such as CD4+ T lymphocyte cell counting, HIV viral load, HIV DNA PCR, genotyping, drug resistance, and HIV-1 recent infection test. The primary challenges faced by the HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network are in the areas of laboratory management and quality control. For example, the provincial PT program is inefficient, the internal quality control is conducted perfunctorily, personnel training can not met the needs of the workplace, which need to be improved.

Microvessel density (MVD) is the gold standard to evaluate tumor angiogenesis. Contrastenhanced sonography has been developing fast in recent years. By measuring perfusion parameters, it can represent the degree of new angiogenesis of gynecologic malignant tumors indirectly, and evaluate the biobehavior and prognosis of tumor. The advances of correlations between contrast-enhanced sonographic appearance and MVD of gynecologic malignant tumors were reviewed.

Objective:To investigate the effects of propofol on pyramidal neuron apoptosis in hippocampus of neonatal rats. Methods: Forty-twoseven-day-old male and female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=14):group A received intraperitoneal 0.9% normal saline(7.5 ml/kg)once per day for seven days as control;group B received 0.9% normal saline(7.5 ml/kg)once per day for six days and propofol(75mg/kg)on the seventh day;group C received propofol(75 mg/kg)once per day for seven days. Two animals of each group were tested for blood glucose with tails cut off 3 hours after the last intraperitoneal injection,and six animals of each group were decapitated 5 hours after the last intraperitoneal injection for determination of caspase-3 expression with immuno-histochemistry. The other six animals of each group were decapitated after 3 weeks for microscopic examination. Results:Compared with group A,caspase-3 expression significantly increased while the number of pyramidal neurons decreased to different degree in both group B and C. More evident changes of the above were discovered in group C than that in group B,and the morphous of pyramidal neurons altered were only found in group C. Conclusion:The fact that increased caspase-3 expression leads to pyramidal neurons deletion to different degree was found in the rats which had received propofol.But the morphous ofpyramidal neurons altered onlywhen propofol had been repeatedlyinjected.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of gastrodin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside, imperatorin and isoimperatorin in Yuzhen powder.Methods: A Phenomenex Gemini C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) was used and the column temperature was 25℃.The flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1 and the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water with gradient elution.The detection wavelength was 230 nm and the sample size was 5 μl.Results: The linear range of gastrodin was 2.68-214.0 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 100.2%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin was 5.22-418.0 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7), and the average recovery was 99.9%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of 5-O-methylvisammioside was 4.57-365.8 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 5), and the average recovery was 99.7%(RSD=1.0%, n=6);the linear range of imperatorin was 5.22-417.2 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 6), and the average recovery was 99.0%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of isoimperatorin was 5.29-423.2 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 8), and the average recovery was 100.2%(RSD=0.8%, n=6).Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate, and the contents of the five ingredients can be determined simultaneously.The method can be used for the quality control of Yuzhen powder.

A clinically isolated syndrome(CIS) is a term that describes a first clinical episode in which a patient has symptoms and signs suggestive of an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system.And it often affects optic nerves,the brainstem,or the spinal cord,and 30％-70％ of the CIS patients may develop multiple sclerosis(MS).Disease-modifying treatments may delay the development from CIS to MS.Their use in CIS is limited because of uncertain long-term clinical prognosis,treatment benefits and adverse effects.This article reviews the advances of predictive markers of conversion to MS after a CIS,in order to provide the reference for clinical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effiicacy of nasotracheal intubation using blind tracheal intubation device and end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring technique in patients with difficult airway.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 35-60 yr,weighing 55-75 kg,requiring nasotracheal intubation,undergoing selective oral and maxillofacial surgery,were involoved in this study.All of them were expected to have difficuh airway such as mouth opening ＜ 3 cm,neck upward degree ＜ 30° and Mallampati classification Ⅲ or Ⅳ,The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups(n =30):group Ⅰ received tracheal intubation with the blind tracheal intubation device and group H received tracheal intubation with the blind intubation device combined with end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring technique.The number of successful intubation,the inlubation time and adverse effects during intubation(epistaxis,tachycardia,hypertension and hypoxemia)and after operation(sore throat and hoarseness)were recorded.Results The rate of successful intubation in the two groups was 100％.Tachycardia,hypertension,hypoxemia and hoarseness were not found in the two groups.Compared with group I,the rate of successful intubation at first attempt was significantly increased,the intubation time was significantly shortened,and the incidence of epistaxis and sore throat was decreased in group Ⅱ(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The blind intubation device combined with end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring technique used in diffficult airway can shorten the intubation time,increase the success rate of tracheal intubation,and decrease the occurrence of adverse effects.

Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine(DEX)for blood pressure,heart rate(HR) and SpO2 levels during anesthesia inquiry in elderly hypertensive(HBP)patients.Methods 96 cases with HBP accepted surgery were selected,and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,each group in 48 cases,The patients in the observation group continuous pumped into the 4μg/mL of DEX during surgery, while the control group continuous pumped into 0.9% sodium chloride solution during surgery.Heart rate(HR),sys-tolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2 )of the two groups after room entrance(T0),after DEX infusion(T1),before intubation(T2),after 2min intubation(T3)and 10 min(T4)after intubation were recorded and compared,extubated time,spontaneous breathing recovery time,call time to eye opening and hospitalization time and the incidence of adverse reactions in two groups were recorded.Results The difference of HR SBP,DBP and SpO2 at T0 and T4 between the two groups was not statistically significant(all P >0.05);HR, SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group at T1,T2,T3(all P <0.05).There were no significant changes of SpO2 in the patientˊs after the room entrance;extubated time,spontaneous breathing recovery time,call time to eye opening and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t =8.874,9.073,8.573,all P <0.05).The adverse reactions rate in the observation group was 4.2%,which in the control group was 6.3%,the difference was not statistically significant(P >0.05). Conclusion Continuous pumped DEX has a significant sedative effect in elderly HBP patients during surgery,and does not produce respiratory depression,can help elderly patients with HBP smoothly pass the perioperative period.

Objective To observe the treatment of continuous passive motion(CPM) on talipes valgus in the chil-dren with cerebral palsy. Methods There were 57 children in this research including normal group and valgus group, the children in valgus group were randomly divided into control group, non-CPM group and CPM group. The control group didn’t receive any rehabilitation treatment. The non-CPM group received conventional rehabilita-tion treatment. The CPM group received conventional rehabilitation and CPM therapy. Evaluate the children in nor-mal group with plantar pressure analysis and evaluate each patient before treatment two and four months after treat-ment with plantar pressure analysis. Results Compared with the normal group, the percentage of medial midfoot (MMF) pressure, HEEL pressure, initial contact phase(ICP) and forefoot contact phase(FFCP) were obviously higher in valgus groups. On the other hand, the percentage of lateral forefoot ( LFF) pressure, lateral midfoot (LMF) pressure and foot flat phase(FFP) were obviously lower in valgus groups(P < 0. 05). The percentage of MMF pressure, and FFP became lower after treatment in both CPM group and non-CPM group while the percentage of ICP and FFCP became higher(P < 0. 05). In CPM group there was a more obvious change with the percentage of MMF pressure, ICP and FFCP compared with non-CPM group and the control group(P < 0. 05). Conclusion U-sing CPM can alleviate muscle spasms and contracture, correct the deformity of midfoot, enhance the muscle group coordination on foot and further more improve gait of patients with cerebral palsy.

By analyzing the characteristics of maternal abdominal ECG (Electrocardiogram), a method based on wavelet transform and matched filtering is proposed to detect the R-wave in fetal EGG (FECG). In this method, the high-frequency coefficients are calculated by using wavelet transform. First, the maternal QRS template is obtained by using the arithmetic mean scheme. Finally, the R-wave of FECG is detected based on matched filtering. The experimental results show that this method can effectively eliminate the noises, such as the maternal ECG signal and baseline drift, enhancing the accuracy of the detection of fetal ECG.
Abdomen ; Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Wavelet Analysis

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of antiemetics in cancer patients. METHODS:Two thousand six hundred and sixteen pieces of medical orders of patients receiving antiemetics were collected from oncology department of our hospital via EMRS during Oct. 2015-Jun. 2016. RESULTS:Among 2 616 cases surveyed,1 301 cases conformed to inclusion and exclusion criteria,of which irrational use of drugs were found in 595 cases,760 times in total. Main manifestations were unsuitable drug selection(33.82%),irrational usage and dosage(25.26%),unsuitable drug combination(34.08%)and non-standard medication course(6.84%). The incidence of nausea in female was higher than male,with statistical sighificance(P=0.003),but gender had no significant effect on the incidence of nausea(P>0.05). Age had no significant effect on both nausea and vomiting(P>0.05). The control rate of nausea/vomiting in rational drug use group was higher than irrational drug use group. Average cost of antiemetic treatment of different emetic risk chemotherapy drugs in rational drug use group were all lower than irrational drug use group, indicating therapeutic efficacy could be guaranteed and economic burden was reduced in rational drug use group. CONCLUSIONS:The antiemetic plan should be selected rationally according to emetic risk degree of chemotherapy drugs. Patients receiving combined chemotherapy should select antiemetic plan according to highest emetic risk degree of chemotherapy drugs,and strictly master usage, dosage and duration. At the same time,treatment cost should be considered when selecting antiemetic plan to guarantee the safe, effective,economical and rational use of drugs.