Chronic constipation (CC) is one of the most common digestive diseases with high prevalence and long course.CC patients often suffer from sleep disorders and psychological problems such as anxiety and depression.Somatic and mental symptoms may affect with each other, so a vicious circle will develop to impair patients′ quality of life (QOL) and increase their economic burden.The article reviews the impact of chronic constipation on QOL and economic burden of patients, indicating that clinician should pay sufficient attentions on chronic constipation.

Leptin is type I cytokine detected recently.It takes part in physiological action such as energy balance, fat storage and process of metabolism,reproduction and hemopoiesis in vivo.Leptin may be an important role between adipose tissue and genital system.Lack or excessive of leptin is related to infertility in some diseases involving in nutritional status. Leptin takes part in female infertility pathogenesis in hypothalamus pituitary gland gonad axia and other respects.

Objective To summarize the nursing experience of combination therapy of highly agglutinative staphylococcin (HASL) with cisplatin for patients with malignant pleural effusions. Methods After fully draining of pleural fluid in 62 cases with malignant pleural effusion through pleural puncture through central venous catheters and simply suction bottles, we injected HASL and cisplatin into the patients' pleural cavities. During the therapeutic process, firstly, we drained the pleural fluid fully before injection, secondly, we directed the patients to cooperate well and alter the positions properly, and thirdly, we closely observed the patients' condition and adverse reactions. Results 54 of 62 cases were effective after the therapies. The effective rate was 87.1%.Conclusions In order to achieve a satisfled curative effect and reduce the adverse reactions, we need the cooperation of the patients, fully draining of the pleural fluid before injection and proper alternation of the patients' positions during the treatment process.

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders,which severely affects the life quality of patients. Currently,the pathogenesis of IBS has not yet been clarified. Visceral hypersensitivity and central algesia abnormality may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS. Antidepressants can improve abdominal pain,abdominal discomfort,mental disorders and abnormal defecation and enhance the quality of life. This article reviewed the advances in study on antidepressants in treatment of IBS.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Catgut ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; blood ; therapy ; Moxibustion ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To analyze the relationship between pre － pregnancy body mass index ( BMI) ，gestational weight gain ( GWG) and the birth weight of infants，and explore the effect of weight change before and during pregnancy on low birth weight ( LBW) and macrosomia． Methods Women were enrolled by the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study during first trimester． Each respondent＇s weight before and during pregnancy and the birth weight of infant were collected after fellow up． Prepregnancy BMI was divided into underweight，normal and overweight /obesity groups and GWG was divided into suitable， insufficient and excessive groups． Multivariate Logistic regression was adopted to explore the relationship be- tween pre－pregnancy BMI，GWG and newborn＇s birth weight． Ｒesults Women＇s prepregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with neonatal birth weight ( all P＜0. 05) ． Prepregnancy overweight or obesity ( OＲ=2. 339，95% CI: 1. 674－2. 282，P＜0. 001) and excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 398，95% CI: 1. 188－1. 978，P= 0. 048) were shown as risk factors for macrosomia． Insufficient GWG increased LBW risk ( OＲ = 1. 479， 95% CI: 1. 461－1. 679，P= 0. 035) while excessive GWG declined LBW risk ( OＲ= 0. 428，95% CI: 0. 225 －0. 817，P= 0. 010) ． Under weight－insufficient GWG was risk factor of LBW ( OＲ= 1. 335，95% CI: 1. 048 －2. 319，P= 0. 048) while normal BMI－excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 088，95% CI: 1. 016－1. 675，P= 0. 038) and overweight /obesity－excessive GWG ( OＲ= 1. 498，95% CI: 1. 244－2. 017，P= 0. 046) were associated with higher risk of delivering macrosomia． Conclusions Prepregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with infant＇s birth weight and women were suggested to maintain their weight in recommended range before and during pregnancy．

Objetcive To analyze the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)features in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) of different size and to discuss the diagnostic value of CEUS in CCRCCs. Methods The contrast-enhanced and conventional US features of 80 CCRCCs confirmed pathologically were retrospectively analyzed. Samples were divided into three groups by diameters: small CCRCCs (≤30 mm), medium CCRCCs(＞30 mm) and large CCRCCs(＞50 mm). The tumoral vascularity, lesion homogeneity and presence of an anechoic rim were observed on conventional US. The enhancement of echogenicity, homogeneity and pseudocapsule were evaluated on CEUS. Results Among the 80 renal masses, 32 were small CCRCCs, 28 were medium CCRCCs while the large CCRCCs were 20. On conventional US, 18.8%(6/32) of small CCRCCs, 71.4%(20/28) of medium CCRCCs and 95%(19/20) of large CCRCCs demonstrated as heterogeneous and the differences were highly statistically significant, whereas there were no differences in the tumoral vascularity and the presence of pseudocapsule sign among the three groups. On CEUS, 28.1%(9/32) of small CCRCCs, 85.7%(24/28) of medium CCRCCs and 100%(20/20) of large CCRCCs showed a homogeneous enhancement. The incidence of pseudocapsule sign in medium tumors was higher than small and large groups(71.4%,50% and 25%,respectively). There were statistically significant differences among the three groups in the enhanced homogeneity and the presence of pseudocapsule sign. However, all the three groups revealed mainly isoechoic and hyperechoic and there were no differences among them. Compared with conventional US, CEUS depicted significantly the increased tumoral vascularity (51.3% vs. 87.5%) and pseudocapsule sign(22.5% vs. 51.3%). Eight lesions demonstrated heterogeneous contrast enhancement on CEUS while homogeneous on conventional US, but there were no differences in lesion homogeneity between conventional US and CEUS findings. Conclusions Different sizes of CCRCC showed distinct CEUS features in the enhanced homogeneity and the presence of pseudocapsule sign. CEUS is more effective on improving the sonographic characteristics of tumoral visualization and may provide important information of US findings for the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.

Aim To investigate whether EGCG regu-lates ABCA1 expression by influencing the expression of miR-33 a to promote cholesterol efflux from macro-phages. Methods THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells were established by co-incubated with oxLDL, and then treated with EGCG, and miR-33a expression was detected with Real-time PCR. THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells were randomly divided into the fol-lowing groups: control group, 50 μmol · L-1 EGCG treatment group, 50 μmol · L-1 EGCG +80 nmol · L-1 miR-33a mimic treated group. Real-time PCR and Werstern blot was used to detect ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression, Oil Red O staining and high per-formance liquid chromatography were used to detect in-tracellular lipid content, and [3H] assay was used to determine cellular cholesterol efflux. Results EGCG could downregulate miRNA33 a expression in a dose-and time-dependent fashion within safe doses. EGCG significantly upregulated ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression, which could be inhibited after miRNA33 mimic transfected into cells, however. EGCG may re-duce lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells, and this effect could also be weakened after miRNA33 mimic transfected. EGCG could reduce the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol,which was re-lated with EGCG promoting intracellular cholesterol ef-flux , and excess miRNA33 a transfected into cells could inhibit intracellular cholesterol efflux. Conclusion EGCG may upregulate ABCA1 expression by reducing miRNA33a generation, resulting in the promotion of cholesterol efflux from macrophages, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms of EGCG anti-atheroscle-rotic effect.

ObjectiveTo observe the pathogenic relationship and the mechanisms between the first molars and the temporomandibular disorders(TMD) by getting epidemiology data.MethodsThe oral examinational people during 2007 to 2011 as investigating objects were selected and epidemiological study was carried out with standard clinical diagnostic criteria for dental caries TMD.ResultsThe people with dysfunctional first molars showed that TMD positive rate was 51.48％,and normal molars was 23.47％.The results had significant difference( x2 =54.34,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionThe people with dvsfunction of first molars mav be liable to TMD.

Objective To investigate the effect of estrogen on expression of matrix GLA protein (MGP)in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats and the role of estrogen in improving postmenopausal osteoporosis.Methods Thirty-six SD female rats were allocated into 3 groups randomly,every 12 rats in ovariectomized group(OVX group),estrogen group(E group)and control group(sham group).Rats in OVX and E group all underwent bilateral ovariectomy,those rats in E group were given by estradiol benzoate intramuscularly after 3 weeks of ovariectomy.Rats in sham group underwent bilateral lipectomy near the ovary.All rats were kept the urine and the serum every three weeks and were sacrificed after 15 weeks.The pathology changes of uterus,lumbar vertebral bones were observed by immunohistochemistry.Bone mineral density(BMD)of lumbar vertebra of rats was determined by dual energy X ray absorptiometry(DEXA).The content of MGP in serum and urine was determined by ELISA.Expression of underearboxylated matrix GLA Protein(MGP)was detected by immunohistochemistry.Relative quantification of MGP mRNA expression in lumbar vertebra bone was detected by Fluorescent real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results(1)After 15 weeks of ovariectomized,the endometrium of uterus and lumbar vertebra exhibit remarkable pathologic changes in OVX group.The serum estrogen of(454±66)pmol/L in OVX group were lower than in(527 ±77)pmol/L in sham group and(556 ±80)pmol/L in E group significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The BMD of lumbar vertebra of(0.263 ± 0.030)g/cm2 in OVX group were lower than (0.295 ±0.024)g/cm2 in sham group and(0.279 ±0.024)g/cm2 in E group significantly(P ＜0.01).(2)The serum MPG protein in OVX group and E group showed decreased trends after ovariectomized,which were(104 ±64)ng/L in OVX group and(134 ±6)ng/L in E group at 9 weeks,which reached statistical difference(P ＜ 0.05).However,MGP in urine in sham group did not exhibit significant difference after 15 weeks of surgery(P ＞0.05).The MGP in urine of E group showed increased trends after 12 weeks of surgery,which reached(110.0 ±3.4)ng/L at 15 weeks,in the mean time,it was found that(86.5 ±2.5)ng/L of MGP in urine in OVX group,which showed significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).(3)MGP could be observed in lumbar vertebra in OVX group by immunochemistry staining.In the other two groups,the expression of MGP was not dominant.(4)Relative quantification of MGP mRNA expression in lumbar vertebra was defined as 1 in OVX group,when compared with 0.289 ±0.260 in E group and 0.103 ±0.098 in sham group,the difference showed statistically significant(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Estrogen could increase the expression of MGP mRNA and protein in ovariectomized rats and might play an important role in improving postmenopausal osteoporosis.