Objective: To measure the convergence angles of teeth in different teeth positions and different denture designs.Methods:Mesio-distal widths and labio-lingual widths were measured on 226 teeth according to three points in a line on three surfaces (gingival, middle and incise) of each tooth.The distance between every point and the counterpart point in the adjacent surface was measured.Then convergence angles were calculated. Results:The means of the angles were 4.13°±0.77°,4.14°±0.76°, 4.46°±0.95°, 4.76°±0.84° on the first and second premolar, the first and second molar,respectively . There were significant differences between the premolars and molars(P<0.05).On the dentures with the designs of monocrown, triunit-bridge and long bridge the means of the angles were 3.78°±0.74°,4.69°±0.75° and 5.08°±0.85° respectively,the angle on the denture with the design of monocrown was smaller than that of bridge (P<0.05).Conclusion:The convergence angles are different according to different teeth positions and different denture designs, so they should be adjusted according to the clinical requirements.

Objective To investigate the effect of mifepristone on the expression of β-endorphin in the ectopic focus of adenomyosis.Methods The expression of β-endorphin was measured by the immunochemistry method.Results During proliferative phase and secretory phase,the β-endorphin of mild dysmenorrhea were higher than that of midrange dysmenorrhea(t=2.672,2.711,all P＜0.05),the β-endorphin of midrange dysmenorrhea was higher than that of severe dysmenorrhea(t=2.341,2.365,all P＜0.05),the difference was significant.After being cured by mifepfistone,the expression of β-endorphin in the ectopic focus of adenomyosis was higher than that of control group (t=2.478,2.356,all P＜0.05),still lower than that of normal endometrial tissue,(t=2.123,2.233,all P＜0.05),the difference was significant.Conclusion The expression of β-endorphin in the ectopic focus of adenomyosis decreased significandy accompanied with the aggravation of the dysmenorrhea,and the mifepfistone could upregulate the β-endorphin and relieve the dysmenorrhea.

Objective:To study the influence of occlusal force change on apoptosis of periodontal ligament fibroblast(PDLF) and expression of proliferating nuclear antigen(PCNA) in the fibroblasts,so as to explore the possible mechanism for remodeling of periodontal ligament.Methods:Animal model of occlusal force change was established by extracting the right first,second and third maxillary molars in male SD rats.The rats were sacrificed at 6,12 hours and day 1,2,3,5,7,14,and 28 d after extracting the teeth(n=6),and their alveolar bone tissues were harvested.H-E staining was used to observe the morphologic changes of the alveolar bone tissues.TUNEL method and immunohistochemistry were used to detect apoptosis and PCNA expression in PDLF.The rats with normal occlusal forces were used as control(n=6).The results were assigned a mean score based on the percentage and the intensity of cells positively stained for TUNEL and PCNA.Results:Animal model of occlusal force change was successfully established.H-E staining showed that the control group had more pycnotic periodontal ligament,orderly fibres,and flatter alveolar bone than the model group.TUNEL result showed that the cell apoptosis reached its peak at 12 h after extracting the teeth(252.67?6.62),significantly higher than that of control group(7.17?2.32,P

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of MR cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) as the only imaging procedure in diagnosing biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).Methods: The MRCP results were analyzed in 54 consecutive patients presented with clinical or biochemical signs of biliary complications after receiving OLT,and were compared with the findings eventually confirmed by surgery,direct cholangiography,and clinical follow-up.Two different MRCP snapshot techniques were applied: thick-slab T_(2)-weighted sequences and multi-section thin-slab T_(2)-weighted sequences.Results: Surgery,direct cholangiography,and clinical follow-up confirmed that 36 patients had biliary complications.MRCP had a sensitivity of 100%(36/36) in diagnosing biliary complications after OLT,with a positive predictive value of 91.7%(33/36),a false-positive rate of 5.56%(2/36),and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 94.4%(51/54).MRCP as the only imaging procedure achieved a specific diagnosis in 96.3%(52/54) of the patients in the present study.Only 2 patients required additional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy.Direct cholangiography was required only as a therapeutic procedure in 25.9%(14/54) of the patients.Conclusion: MRCP is an effective imaging procedure in the assessment of biliary complications after OLT.Direct cholangiography is not needed for diagnosis but should be reserved as a therapeutic procedure.

Local intra-arterial thrombolysis has better efficacy in treating acute ischemic stroke, including cardiogenic embolism, and the safety of combined intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis is higher. Recent studies have suggested that the combination of angioplasty and local intra-arterial thrombolysis plays an important role in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke during an acute emergency.

Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) can be used to establish the standard model of focal cerebral ischemia.The method for establishing focal cerebral ischemia model has been improved continuously,from simple behavior score,measurement of infarcted brain area,and morphological observation in the past to functional study,neurobiochemistry,molecular biology,etc.The research of MCAO provides a basis for further study of the pathological characteristics,mechanism and prevention of human cerebral ischemia.This article reviews the recent advancement in the study of MCAO model and cerebral(ischemia.)

Objective To study the effects of Pioglitazone on TLR4 expression and peritoneal macrophage foam cells formation induced by ox - LDL.Methods Foam cells were cultured equally divied into four groups in random:the normal control,pioglizaone group,ox-LDL group and ox-LDL +pioglizaone group.The SD rats peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with ox - LDL(50 mg/mL)and Pioglitazone(20 mmo1 /L)respectively for 24 h.Then they were stained by oil red O to determine foam cells formation.The effects of Pioglitazone on foam cells TLR4 ex-pressions were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The SD rats peritoneal macrophages of control group and Pioglitazone group are not almost stained by oil red O,but the macrophages of ox-LDL group become dark red after stained by oil red O,and the cells color of ox-LDL + Pioglitazone group is thinner than that of ox-LDL group.The expressions of TLR4 in ox-LDL group are higher than those in control and Pioglitazone group significantly(24 h,t =3.015,t =4.007;48 h,t =3.100,t =4.008,P <0.01).while expressions in ox-LDL +Pioglitazone group are lower than ox-LDL group respectively(24 h,t =4.075;48 h,t =4.150,P <0.05).Conclusion Pioglitazone might inhibit the formation of foam cells by suppressing the expressions of TLR4 in macrophages.

Objective To investigate CT and MRI findings of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor (PHNET) and the correlation with the pathology.Methods 14 patients with pathologically confirmed PHNET were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients underwent CT and 9 patients underwent MR.The CT and MRI findings were analyzed and the correlation with pathology was evaluated.Results Single lesion was found in 8 cases, and multiple nodular lesions in 5 cases, diffuse nodular lesions of the liver in 1 case.The lesions showed low density on CT images in all patients, and liquid-liquid level was visible in 1 lesion associated with internal bleeding.Contrast-enhanced CT in arterial-phase phase showed nodular or marginal ring enhancement in 13 cases, diffuse enhancement in 1 case, and in portal venous and delayed phases the enhancement of lesion subsequently decreased, compared with surrounding liver parenchyma.MRI showed hypointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity on T2WI, intralesional hemorrhage appeared as hyperintensity on T1WI and hypointensity on T2WI, and the enhancement pattern of MRI was similar to that of CT.With the increase of pathology grade,G1 presented as a single solid nodule,G2 as solid or cystic-solid nodules, and G3 as diffuse nodules or intrahepatic metastasis was found.The lesions showed hyperintensity on DWI.Conclusion CT and MRI can show characteristic appearances of PHNET and its certain histological characteristics.

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effect of Poria cocos peels water extract(PWE)on liver fibrosis in rats in-duced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4). METHODS:84 rats were randomly divided into blank control group,solvent control group, model control group, positive control group (Compound biejia ruangan tablet, 0.75 g/kg), PWE low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose groups (0.9,1.8,3.6 g/kg,calculated by crude drugs),12 in each group. Except for blank control group and solvent control group(ip vegetable oil),other groups received CCl4-vegetable oil solution to reduce liver fibrosis model,ip. After model-ing,each administration group received related medicines,ig,other 3 groups received equal volume of normal saline,once a day, for 4 weeks. After administration,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the aspartate aminotransferase(AST),al-anine aminotransferase(ALT),laminin(LN),hyaluronic acid(HA),hydroxyproline(Hyp)contents in serum and reduced gluta-thione (GSH),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in liver tissue of rats;HE staining and Masson staining were adopted to observe the pathological changes of liver tissue. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,indexes of rats in solvent control group had no obvious changes(P>0.05). AST,ALT,LN,HA,Hyp contents in serum and MDA con-tent in liver tissue in model control group were significantly increased(P<0.05);GSH,SOD contents in liver tissue were signifi-cantly reduced(P<0.05);and liver tissue showed obvious fibrosis lesions. Compared with model control group,AST,ALT,LN, HA,Hyp contents in serum and MDA content in liver tissue in PWE medium-dose,high-dose groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05);GSH,SOD contents in liver tissue were significantly increased(P<0.05);fibrosis degree of liver tissue was obvious-ly relieved. CONCLUSIONS:PWE shows good improvement effect on liver fibrosis of rats induced by CCl4,which may be related to inhibiting the lipid peroxidation.

Honesty and trust are the traditional virtues of Chinese.However,they face severe challenges in social life.To our anxieties,dishonesty is not a rare phenomenon in the medicla organization.This article also cares for the problem,and tries to reveal the aftermath of dishonesty.At last,it points out that we should make a series of polices to solve the dishonesty problem and strengthen the honesty-trust service in the medical organization.That is to say,morality as support,ownership as base,law as guarantee.