Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Humans

In 1990,the concept of microembolic signal (MES) was put forward by Spencer et al for the first time.In 1995,the expert consensus of diagnostic criteria for MES was published in Stroke.Since then,microemboli detection had been widely used as the intraoperative monitoring indicators in cerebral angiography,intravascular stenting,and carotid endarterectomy for the prevention of thrombotic events in patients with carotid artery stenosis.In recent years,microemboli detection has become an evaluation means for carotid stenosis surgery,interventional treatment and drug antithrombotic therapy.

We observed 38 patients' breath frequency after different oxygen therapy according to their visit sequences and tolerance conditions.All patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary.disease (COPD) plus carbon dioxide retention from April 2008 to June 2011 were recruited at our hospital.Twentythree patients who could maintain SpO2≥92％ through inspiring O2 at ≤3.5 L/min were assigned into the first group.And another 15 subjects whose SpO2 could not reach 92％ at the same oxygen flow for 5 hours were assigned into the second group.The second group received an elevated oxygen flow until their SpO2 attained 92％ or so.But the maximal rate did not exceed 8 L/min even if SpO2 was below 92％.The state was maintained for 5 hours.Paired t-test showed PaO2 became elevated and PaCO2 decreased significantly on onset and termination of low oxygen flow in both groups.But the frequency of the second group's breaths per minute (BPM) had no significant differences.After elevating oxygen flow,the second group's BPM and PaCO2 on onset and termination were (19.4 ± 3.4) and (18.1 ± 2.6) perminute (P =0.038),(55.0 ±8.1) and (52.0 ±7.9) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) (P =0.030) respectively and the results showed significant decreases.But SpO2 was elevated [(85.8 ± 4.1) and (90.7 ± 2.4) mm Hg (P =0.000)].

Objective To explore the impact of insulin secretory function of adult islet cells from barium-alginate microencapsulation in vitro. Methods After weighting the pancreas,human pancreatic islets were isolated with type V collagenase and purified by Ficoll's discontinuous density gradient centrifugation.The islet cell yield and purity were evaluated with microscope by DTZ staining.Human islets were coated by barium-alginate microencapsulation,and the viability was assessed by insulin release assay in vitro.Results After isolation,the average number of islet was about 3600 ±447 per gram pancreas.It was about 2140±207 after purification with more than 70％ purity.At day 2,4 and 6 after islet cell culture in vitro,basal insulin concentrations from the culture medium was measured,and the mean insulin concentration (mU/L) in media of the microencapsulated islet group at 2nd,4th and 6th day were 3.302±1.63、3.504±1.10 and 2.921±1.13 respectively,and those non-microencapsulated islet group were 3.814 ± 1.49、4.175 ±1.60、3.617± 1.34.There were no significant differences between these two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions The bioartificial pancreas has effective insulin secretory function in vitro without being affected by barium-alginate microencapsulation.

Objective: To analyze plasma levels of catestatin (CST) in patients with different blood pressure (BP) and metabolic status.
Methods: Our research included in 3 groups: Control group,n=60 subjects with normal BP from physical examination in our hospital; 131 patients with essential hypertension (EH) were divided into 2 groups: Isolated EH group,n=90 and MS (metabolic syndrome) group,n=41. Plasma levels of CST, norepinephrine (NE) were examined, the ratio of CST/NE was calculated, and those indexes were compared among different groups.
Results: Compared with Control group, plasma levels of CST and the ratios of CST/NE were decreased in Isolated EH and MS groups,P<0.05-0.01. As BP increasing, plasma levels of CST were gradually decreased; compared with Isolated EH group, plasma level of CST and CST/NE were reduced in MS group,P<0.05.
Conclusion: Plasma levels of CST and the ratio of CST/NE were obviously decreased in EH patients, CST was even lower in MS patients which implied that CST might be involved in the development of EH and MS.

Despite recent advances in surgical techniques and radiotherapy and chemotherapy ,the prog-nosis of laryngeal carcinoma is still poor ,especially patients with in the stage ⅢandⅣ.Hence,there needs a no-vel therapy to improve the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma .Molecular targeted therapy represents an exciting field in the treatment of cancer .This review focuses on the relationship between the laryngeal carcinoma and some promising targets,including EGFR,VEGF,COX-2,mTOR,Nm23-H1 and iNOS,and related inhibitors in la-ryngeal carcinoma research .

Objective To explore the features of nerve electrophysiology in Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) in children.Methods Thirty-four children with MFS were selected.The examinations of routine motor sensory nerve conduction,H reflexes of soleus muscle and F wave of median and tibial nerevs were performed.At the same time,33 healthy children of the same age were selected as control group and 30 children with typical Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) selected as GBS group,which were compared with children with MFS.Results In children with MFS,routine motor nerve conduction velocity and amplitude,and sensory nerve conduction velocity were in normal range.Twelve cases (35.29％) showed a decrease in sensory nerve amplitude potential (SNAP),5 cases (14.71％) showed sural sparing phenomena (the decline degrees of SNAP in median or ulnar nerve greater than in sural nerve),22 cases (64.71％) showed abnormality of H reflex,and 12 cases (35.29％) showed the decline of SNAE Compared with control group,there was no difference in sensory nerve conduction velocity and SNAP in sural nerve in children with MFS (P＜0.05);While there were significant decreases in SNAP in both median nerve and ulnar nerve (P＜0.05).Compared with GBS group,children with MFS had significantly higher sensory conduction amplitude and faster velocity (P＜0.01).Conclusion A decrease of terminal sensory nerve conduction amplitude could be found in children with MFS,but,the SNAP had limited impact on it.H reflex abnormality is the most common electrophysiologic abnormalities in MFS.

Objective To evaluate the value of cardiovascular digital imaging and echocardiography in diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries.Methods Thirty cases of transposition of the great arteries were examined with cardiovascular digital imaging technique,two-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler.11 cases of them underwent surgery.A comparison was made between the data obtained and surgical findings.Results The rate of coincidence of digital imaging and echocardiography with operation in diagnosing transposition of the great arteries was 92.3%(36/39)and 84.6%(33/39) respectively.Both echocardiography and cardiovascular digital imaging techique could clearly show the abnormalities of the heart and great vessels.Echocardiography was sensitive to valvular pathological changes,though cardiovascular digital imaging was superior to echocardiography in demonstrating abnormalities of great arteries and systemic-pulmonary collateral circulations.Conclusion Combination of echocardiography with cardiovascular digital imaging technique can greatly improve the rate of diagnostic accuracy for transposition of the great arteries.

We have observed the protective effects of indocin (IND), a potent inhibitor of pro-sglandins (PGs), on ototoxicity induced by furosemide (FU) using the synchronous recording technique of endocochlear potential (EP) and auditory action potential(AP) in guinea pigs. The FU group were found to have a mean decrease in EP of 65.1?5.6mV and AP amplitude 91.5?10.2%. In contrast, the animals in the FU+IND group had a much smaller reduction of EP(17.5 ?3.8mV) and AP amplitude(31.1?4.7%). The rate of return in EP and AP was much faster in the FU+IND group as compared with the other group. Our findings suggest that the ototoxicity of FU may be related to the mediation of PGs in the inner ear target tissues. IND can interrupt an increase in endogenous PGs in cochlear tissues triggered by FU injection by inhibiting the biological synthesis of PGs, thus effectively diminishing the ototoxicity induced by FU.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans