BACKGROUND:Bone marrow stromal stem cels transplanted into infracted cardiac tissue can inhibit and reduce myocardial apoptosis, but whether this effect is correlated with improvement in cardiac function is stil unclear. OBJECTIVE:To study the early effect of bone marrow stromal stem cels transplanted into the ischemic myocardium on the cardiac function. METHODS: Models of acute myocardial infarction were established by ligation of the left anterior descending branch, while no ligation was done in the sham group. In the transplantation group, rat bone marrow stromal stem cels (0.1 mL, 2×106 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 3 days after cel transplantation, myocardial apoptosis was more evident in the infarct and ischemic zones of the model group than the sham group; the number of apoptotic myocardial cels was significantly lower in the infarct and ischemic zones of the transplantation group than the model group. Compared with the sham group, the mean arterial blood pressure and left ventricular systolic pressure were ) were injected into five sites on the edge of infarcted myocardial tissues at 30 minutes after myocardial infarction. In the sham group and model group, the same volume of normal saline was injected into the myocardial tissues. Three days after cel transplantation, hemodynamic monitoring, echocardiography, TUNEL assay were employed to detect myocardial apoptosis. significantly reduced, the left ventricular end diastolic pressure was increased, and the left ventricular ejection fraction and shortened fraction were significantly lowered in the model and transplantation groups (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the model and transplantation groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that myocardial apoptosis can be reduced but the cardiac function cannot be improved in acute myocardial infarction rats at early stage after bone marrow stromal stem cels transplantation.

Pimavanserin is a selective 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist approved by FDA on April 29, 2016, and it is the first drug for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson' s disease. Pimavanserin is with high safety, good toleration and promising clinical efficiency, which is a timely option to resolve the drug shortage in clinic treatment. This paper summarized its pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, adverse reactions and drug interactions.

The Health Anti-poverty Project is a main and effective method for raising the health level of poor areas people and realizing the Healthy China.It is important to construct and improve the health service system of poverty-stricken area by means of strengthening construction of standardized medical and health institutions,public health service network,telemedicine service system,and Chinese medicine service ability,aiming at forming the health service system which is compatible with the local economic development and health needs.The system can ensure the health of people in poverty-stricken areas,and implement the Health for All in China.

Objective To investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the glucocorticoids (GC)-mediated Alzheimer' s disease-like pathological changes in vitro.Methods Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293/wt) cells stably transfected with the longest human tau (tau441,HEK293/tau) and wild-type HEK293 cells were employed to study the role of GC.Cell viabilities of the two cell lines were examined by cell counting kit-8 ( CCK-8 ).Levels of phosphorylated tau ( p-T205 ) and dephosphorylated tau (Tau-1),β-catenin,phosphorylated β-catenin (p-β-catenin),glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β),phosphorylated GSK-3β at Ser9 (ps9-GSK-3β) and Bcl-2 were determined by Western blotting.Results Treatment with 1 μmol/L GC for 48 h decreased the viability of HEK293/wt and HEK293/tau cells to 95.5％ ±3.2％ and 77.8％ ± 4.4％ (t =6.60,P ＜ 0.05 ).Moreover,GC treatment decreased the levels of ps9-GSK-3β,Tau-1,β-catenin and Bcl-2 to 47.8％ ± 10.4％,53.9％ ± 11.7％,50.9％ ±7.6％,48.4％ ±6.5％ of control groups ( t =7.01,3.86,7.09,7.30,all P ＜ 0.05 ),and increased the relative levels of pT205,p-β-catenin to 180.5％ ± 22.2％,201.3 ％ ± 27.6％ of control groups (t =5.51,5.27,both P ＜0.05) only in HEK293/tau cells.Finally,LiCI efficiently prevented the above effects of GC in HEK293/tau cells.Conclusion GC may trigger Alzheimer' s disease-like pathological changes by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and these pathological processes seem to specifically depend on the presence of human tau.

Objective To establish a model fit for axonal regeneration research after its mechanical injury.Methods Cortical explants from mice were planted on culture dishes by microglass pipettes or routine glass pipettes.The cell body and dendrites in axonal area were detected by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR.Besides,purity of regenerated axons was also tested by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR after mechanical transection of axons under microscopy.Results Compared with explants planting by routine glass pipettes,in the outside 1/2 axons of explants planted by micro-glass pipettes,the immunofluorescence and RT-PCR showed negative nucleus and dendrites.In the regenerated axons following mechanical transection of explants planted by micro-glass pipette,the immunofluorescene and RT-PCR showed no regenerated axons nucleus mixed into the dendrites and nucleus.Conclusions Explants planted by micro-glass pipette obtains enough pure axons and regenerated axons.The establishment of models of axonal mechanical transection lays foundation for its molecular study after trauma.

Objective To investigate effect of polymorphism of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene on early apoptosis of astrocytes after hypoxic injury.Methods Astrocytes separated from APOE wild mice and APOE transgenic mice (ε3,ε4) were primarily cultured,and then purified and identified.Models of astrocyte hypoxic injury were set up by hypoxia.Morphological changes of astrocytes and mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscope.Early apoptosis rate and changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry.Results Cell foot process tumidness and mitochondria with irregular outline,vacuoles and irregular cristae were observed in each group by electron microscopy at six hours after hypoxia.There were no significant differences of cellular form changes among groups.Early apoptosis rate and decreasing degree of mitochondrial membrane potential in APOFε4 group were significantly higher than those in APOEε3 group and APOE wild group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with astrocytes from APOEε3 group and APOE wild group,mitochondrial membrane potential in astrocytes from APOEε4 group at early period after hypoxia declines more significantly,as may be one of causes for more astrocyte apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) on melanin content,activity and protein expression of tyrosinase,mRNA expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase(SOD) in A375 cells irradiated with ultraviolet B(UVB).MethodsCultured A375 cells were classified into 6 groups:ATRA+UVB group treated with ATRA after UVB irradiation,hydroquinone+UVB group treated with hydroquinone after UVB irradiation,UVB group and ATRA group treated with UVB irradiation and ATRA respectively,negative control group receiving no treatment.Melanin content and tyrosinase activity were determined by NaOH solubilization assay and dopa-oxidation assay respectively at 24,48 and 72 hours after the addition of ATRA into medium.Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of tyrosinase,and real-time quantitative PCR to measure the mRNA expressions of tyrosinase and Cu/Zn SOD in A375 cells after 24-hour culture with ATRA.ResultsThe melanin content and tyrosinase activity decreased in UVB-irradiated cells after being treated with ATRA for 24,48 and 72 hours.The protein (gray scale) and mRNA (2-△△Ct value) expression levels of tyrosinase were 0.72 ± 0.070 and 1.400 ± 0.135 respectively at 24 hours after UVB irradiation,decreased to 0.42 ± 0.056(P ＜0.01) and 0.810 ± 0.062(P ＜ 0.01 ) respectively after additional treatment with ATRA.The mRNA expression level of Cu/Zn SOD was 0.323 ± 0.066 in A375 cells at 24 hours after UVB irradiation,and increased to 0.625 ±0.103 (P ＜ 0.01 ) after additional treatment with ATRA.ConclusionATRA can suppress UVB-induced increase in melanin synthesis and elevate Cu/Zn SOD level in A375 cells,likely through tyrosinase pathway.

ObjectiveTo establish a central nervous system axonal mechanical transection model in vitro and observe the axonal regeneration style and speed following the transection. MethodsThe cortical explants the mice were cultured in vitro,of which the axon and dendrite parts were marked using immunofluorescence.The model was built by mechanically transecting the axons and removing the severed axons.The axonal regeneration style was observed by tracing the undeveloped cellular bodies adhering to the residual axonal surface.The growth speed of the regenerated axons and normal axons were measured as well.Results ( 1 ) After mechauically transecting the axons of explants,the axonal regeneration was largely founded at the transected line.The undeveloped cellular bodies went over the transected line and spread to the distal area with axonai regeneration. (2) The axonal growth speed was (118 ± 32) μm/d and (72 ±41) μm/d in the transection group,but was (41 ± 17) μm/d and (32 ± 19) μm/d in the control group at 24 and 48 hours respectively. ConclusionThe regeneration style of the transected axons is the extension of the axonal stumps,rather than sprouting growth,and the growth speed is faster than that of the normal axons.

In 2012, a new SARS-like coronavirus emerged in the Middle East, namely the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It has caused outbreaks with high mortality. During infection of target cell, MERS-CoV S protein S1 subunit binds to the cellular receptor (DPP4), and its S2 subunit HR1 and HR2 regions intact with each other to form a stable six-helix bundle to mediate the fusion between virus and target cell membranes. Hence, blocking the process of six-helix bundle formation can effectively inhibit MERS-CoV entry into the target cells. This review focuses on the recent advance in the development of peptidic entry inhibitors targeting the MERS-CoV S2 subunit.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of related substances in piperazine ferulate. Methods:An HPLC method was used to determine the related substances in piperazine ferulate. The separation was performed on an Xtimate C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was 0. 5% acetic acid-methanol-acetonitrile with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the column temperature was 30℃. The detection wavelength was 286 nm and the injection volume was 20μl. Results:Ferulic acid had a good linear relationship within the range of 5-30 μg·ml-1(r=1.0000). The detection limit was 0. 02 ng. Conclusion:The method is reliable, simple, accurate, stable and durable, and suitable for the determination of related sub-stances in piperazine ferulate.