Being one of the most important complications and also one of the leading cavses of death, venous thromboembolism ( VTE) could significantly increase the morbidity and mortality of patients with tumor.Therefore, accurate assessment of VTE risk and early prophylaxis according to the risk level are important to reduce the incidence of VTE, as well as to improve the quality of life and disease prognosisin patients with cancer.In this paper, we introduced the laboratory indicators that could be used for risk assessment of tumor-associated VTE and monitoring of prophylaxis and treatment in tumor patients with VTE.We aimed to strengthen the awareness of tumor-associated VTE and expected to provide help for clinical practice.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process of normal cell physiological development, in which epithelial cells transform into mesenchyme cells through a specific program. EMT plays a key role in inflammatory reaction, cell development, tumor invasion, and metastasis and has an interrelation with prostate cancer stem cells. Recent researches show the involvement of EMT in the development and metastasis of prostate cancer. This article reviews the specific roles and action mechanisms of EMT in the progression of prostate cancer.
Biomedical Research ; Cell Differentiation ; Disease Progression ; Epithelial Cells ; physiology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; physiology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the changes of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory cells (Treg) in peripheral blood and the serum levels of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1)in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The ratios of Treg in the peripheral blood of patients aged over 80 years from 22 hepatocellular carcinoma,26 metastatic liver cancer,20 healthy controls,were determined by flow cytometry.Meanwhile,the serum levels of TGF-β1 were detected by ELISA.Results The ratio of Treg to total CD; T cells in the peripheral blood [(9.71±3.23)％ vs.(5.81±1.18)％,P＜0.01]and the serum levels of TGF-β1 [(78.10±29.41)ng/L vs.(7.78± 3.54) ng/L,P＜0.01]of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls.Meanwhile,the ratio of Treg to total CD[ T cells in the peripheral blood [(9.71±3.23)％ vs.(7.36±2.07) ％,P＜0.05]and the serum levels of TGF-β1[(78.10± 29.41 )ng/L vs.(19.33± 10.90) ng/L,P＜ 0.01 ]in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was increased as compared with those in metastatic liver cancer (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The correlation indicated that the ratio of Treg to total CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood were positively related with TGF-β1 levels and tumor clinical stage(r=0.698 and 0.782,P＜ 0.01 ),but negatively with Karnofsky performance status score(KPS) (r=-0.643,P＜0.01). Conclusions The ratio of Treg to total CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood from elderly hepatocellular carcinoma is increased and correlated with TGF-βl level,tumor clinical stage and KPS.It might helpful to determine the prognosis of elderly hepatocellular carcinoma by detecting the ratio of Treg to total CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood.

Objective To explore the change of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells(Treg) from peripheral blood in patiens with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) before and after treatment and its significance.Methods The frequencies of CD4+ CD25+ CD127-Treg were detected in 10 patients with MODS respectively before treatment and 1 week after treatment and 10 healthy donors by flow cytometry labeled with specific fluorescent antibodies,such as anti-CD4(PE-CY5),anti-CD25(FITC) and anti-CD127(PE).Results The frequency of CD4+ CD25+ CD127-Treg in patients after treatment(2.11%?0.33%) was significantly lower than before treatment(7.44%?1.59%)(P

Objective To study MRI feature in the lession and brain atrophy of cerebral multiple sclerosis (MS), and to analyze the relationship and the its correlated factors between cerebral MS and brain atrophy. Methods The MRI data from 80 patients with cerebral MS were collected and these patients were divided into two groups according to age. Each patient received T1-weighted and T2-weighted scanning. The number of lesion, characteristics of lesion and brain atrophy were evaluated and compared with control group. The correlated factors of brain atrophy were analyzed. Results (1)The most focal demyelinating lesions of cerebral MS were orbicular-ovate or similar round like with distinct boundary. Typical lesions presented with equal or long T1 and long T2 signals. The macroaxis of lesion was vertical to tangent line of lateral cerebral ventricle. (2)Compared with control group, the cerebroventricular anfractuosity was longer and lateral fissure was wider on MRI in cerebral MS group. The diameter of brain parenchyma was shorter. Statistic differences were found between two groups. (3)Among correlated factors, EDSS was the main predictive factor for cerebral atrophy. Conclusions The most lesions of cerebral MS are mainly located around lateral cerebral ventricles, orbicular-ovate or similar round like with distinct boundary, equal or slight long T1 and T2 signals on MRI.Brain atrophy is generally in cerebral MS and progress gradually, it is related to the course of disease, the number of lesion, the diameter of lesion and EDSS score. Measurement of brain atrophy may regard as an index about progression of MS.

Organics of the phthalocyanine category have very good nonlinear optical properties. The single-walled carbon nanotubes were modified by using the phenoxy phthalocyanine. Characterization analysis was made by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), ultraviolet visible absorptive spectra, fluorescent spectra and Raman spectra. Under the TEM, it was observed that the composite looked like sugarcoated haws. By comparing the ultraviolet visible absorptive spectra before and after absorption, it was disclosed that the spectral intensity and the intensity of the peaks in the fluorescent spectra dropped remarkably. This shows that the single-walled carbon nanotubes have absorbed a large number of phenoxy phthalocyanines. Raman analysis revealed that in the Raman spectra, the position of the main peaks of the single-walled carbon nanotubes after absorption moved in the direction of long waves. The analysis suggests that the movement of the Raman spectra results from the change in the state of the single-walled carbon nanotubes before and after absorption.

Single unit activity were recorded from 157 dorsal horn neurons in the spinal rats by stimulation of left surat nerves. Stretching urinary bladder were performed after the neurons were identified by somatic afferents. 32 out of the 157 could also be activated by stretching urinary bladders. These recorded dorsal horn neurons which responded to both somatic and visceral inputs are called somatovisceral convergent neurons (SVCN). The afferent visceral fibers were N group according to conductive velocity in our experiment. It has been shown that C-fiber component in 9 WDR neurons were incresed by stimulating the left sural nerves after stretching urinary bladders. 15 spontaneous- discharge WDR neurons were recorded and 13 out of them were excited, meanwhile, 2 out of them were inhibited after urinary bladders were stretched. The study provides the new data for the convergence from the somatic and visceral afferents in the dorsal horn of spinal cord and supplies the first evidence for central mecha nism of visceral referred pain.

BACKGROUND:Al oying is a convenient and effective method to alter the microstructure and control the corrosion behavior of magnesium al oy.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the in vitro and in vivo degradation of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy as a degradable medical biomaterial.
METHODS:(1) In vitro static immersion test:The immersion tests were carried out at (37.0±0.5) thermostatic bath. Six Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy samples and six pure magnesium samples were immersed in the 250 mL simulated body fluid and vibrated without agitation during immersion. After 3, 7 and 30 days static immersion, the samples were taken out from the simulated body fluid. Then the in vitro corrosion properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis. (2) In vivo animal experiment:After bone tunnel was established in the left femur of adult New Zealand rabbits, the Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy rods were embedded in the Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy group, titanium al oy rods were embedded in the titanium al oy group, and only bone tunnel was established in the sham-operated group. At 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks after implantation, an X-ray of the implanted region was taken to determine the location and the degradation behavior℃in a of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy. At 4, 8 weeks after implantation, the corrosion product and its element composition were observed using scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy system.

Healthy granulation tissue played an important role in the wound healing process. However, some factors which interfered the process would result in unhealthy granulation tissue. Unhealthy granulation tissue may affect wound repairing. This article would focus on the concept, mechanisms, interventions of unhealthy granulation tissue.

Objective China is experiencing increasing disease burden and economic burden of acute myocardial infarction(AMI),while the healthcare resources are limited and unevenly distributed.Hospitalization duration is an important measure of health resource utilization index.This study aims to describe the time trend of Length of stay(LOS) for AMI inpatient care in eastern urban areas of China,and to identify potential hospital-level factors associated with the LOS,which is an important indicator of resource utilization.Methods The study randomly selected a representative sample of patients admitted for AMI in 2001,2006 and 2011,from urban hospitals in eastern China.After central data abstraction from medical records,patients' characteristics,treatments and outcomes were compared between 3 hospital groups that were divided according to their median of LOS.Results Five thousand and forty-seven AMI cases were included in the analyses.The average LOS were (15.3±10.2),(13.5±8.7) and (12.2±7.8) d in 2001,2006 and 2011 respectively,with a decreasing trend(F=10.93,P<0.001).After adjusted for patients' characteristics,there were no significant different in LOS between years.Patients' characteristics were similar between high-,middle-and low-LOS hospitals,however,in high-LOS hospitals,use rates of aspirin,clopidogrel and statins were even lower(P≤0.001).LOS were longer 1.9 d in the hospitals with relatively small AMI inpatient treatment volumes(30-80 annually,t=2.97,P<0.01).Conclusions The average LOS for AMI in eastern urban areas of China is much longer than in western countries.Conclusion between hospitals have highlighted the gaps in care quality and efficiency.Standardized clinical pathways and hierarchical medical system are essential strategies in the new healthcare reform.