Objective To comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of health education interventions on endemic fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives,and to provide a basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods A computerized literature search was carried out in CBM(Chinese Biomedical Database),CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure),Wan-fang,VIP,Pub-Med,Web of Knowledge and EBSCO to collect articles published at home and abroad between 1994-2012 concerning the effectiveness of health education interventions on endemic fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives.The study was a self-controlled intervention study.The quality of literature was evaluated using the standards of Cochrane and EPOC.Meta-analysis was performed to assess the knowledge about fluorosis prevention using Rev-Man 5.0.Homogeneous data(P ＞ 0.05) was analyzed using a fixed effects model,and heterogeneous data (P≤ 0.05) was analyzed using a random effects model.Results A total of 146 Chinese research papers and 192 English research papers were retrieved.By screening,35 Chinese research papers meet the standards.After reading the full text,6 papers were selected.English literature was not found.According to EPOC criteria all the six literatures included were grade B.Because heterogeneity of the literatures was higher,knowledge point was stratify analyzed according to the study subjects.The intervention effect of students was higher than that of the housewives.After the intervention,the fluorosis disease prevention knowledge awareness of schoolchildren and housewives were increased by 28％ and 26％.Conclusions Health education has a good effect in improving the knowledge of fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives.

Objective To explore the correlation of pathological changes and imaging through a control study on pathology and imaging of 4 cases of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT).Methods By HE and Gallyas silver dyeing,four immunohistochemical methods were carried out The loss of neurons cells of all lobes of cerebral cortex,cingulate gyrus,amygdaloid nucleus,hippocampal gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus,meynert basal nucleus,substantia nigra,locus ceruleus,dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve,senile plaques (SP) and the changes of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) were observed in detail The control study of pathology and imaging was carried out by comparison of CT in different phases before and after death of the patient.Results The degeneration of temporal lobe was marked: (1) The degeneration of middle frontal gyrus of cortex of frontal lobe was the most evident; (2) The degeneration of long gyrus was more evident than that of the short gyrus as the cortex of insular lobe was concerned; (3) The degeneration posterior part of cingulated gyrus was more evident than that of the anterior part.Conclusion The pathological findings of SDAT mentioned above are basically in conformity with the changes of imaging.

AIM　To prepare naftopidil bioadhesive sustained-release capsule and study their pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability in the dog. METHODS　Bioadhesive polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulse (HPMC) and Carbopol 934 (CP 934) were used in capsule prescriptions. Naftopidil capsule and two formulations of bioadhesive sustained-release capsules (I and II) were given to five healthy male dogs in a cross-over test. The naftopidil concentrations in plasma were determined by a newly developed HPLC method and the pharmacokinetic parameters as well as the relative bioavailability were measured. RESULTS　The C0→∞, Cmax and Tmax of naftopidil capsule was (3728±573) h*ng*mL-1, (697±94) ng*mL-1 and (1.2±0.5) h. These parameters of bioadhesive sustained-release capsule I and II, respectively, were (5518±391) h*ng*mL-1 and (5636±427) h*ng*mL-1; (468±61) ng*mL-1 and (512±72) ng*mL-1; both (4.0±0.7) h. Results from statistics showed that there were significant difference between bioadhesive formulations and the non-bioadhesive one in C0→∞, Cmax and Tmax. The bioadhesive formulations and the non-bioadhesive one were not bioequivalent, the relative bioavailability of the two bioadhesive sustained-release capsules were respectively 150%±14% and 154%±23% when compared with the non-bioadhesive capsule. CONCLUSION　It is much improving bioavailability of naftopidil by using bioadhesion.

ObjectiveTo enhance the fund efficiency of dental research programs supported by National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC) and to reveal the achievements and progresses of the funds.MethodsThe data of programs in dental and craniofacial field supported by NSFC from 1999 to 2006 and completed between 2003 and 2009 were collected based on the final reports by the investigators.The data of personnel training,research publication,patent,awards,and academic communication at domestic and international levels were all collected and analysed. Results There were 307 grants in total,including 185 general programs,73 Young Scientists Funds,13 regional funds,3 Key Programs,1 National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and 32 others.An average of 4 postgraduate students was trained by each program.In general,the outcomes of general programs were better than those of Young Scientists Fund,and the latter was better than regional fund.There was steady increase each year in the amount of papers published in SCI journals,and about half of the investigators published SCI papers.In addition,9 patents were registered and 13 prizes were won, and the investigators participated 610 domestic and international exchanges.Conclusions The continuously increase of NSFC support in dental field has led to substantial achievement,although patent application,the quality of papers and novel ideas need to be improved.

This paper discussed on current medical education situation in UK through introducing the concept,method and system.Medical education in UK takes students as the center of education,emphasizes humanistic education and cultivates medical students' eloquence,clinical skills and scientific research.Medical education in UK sheds light on how to mobilize students' subjective initiative,improve communication skills and clinical skills,which medical education in china can draw lessons from.

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of donepezil in treating patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods Totally 86 patients with AD were randomly divided into control group(n =43)and treatment group(n =43).The control grou,p received conventional therapy with aniracetam,nimoldipine and ginkgo tablet,while the study group was administrated with donepezil(10 mg/d)on the basis of conventional therapy.The improvements of recognitive ability,mental state,activities of daily life were graded by mini-mental state examination (MMSE),Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cog(ADAS-cog),activity of daily living(ADL)and global deterioration scale(GDS).The scores were compared between the groups before the treatment and 3,6,12,18,24,30,36,42,48,54,60,66 and 72 months after the treatment,respectively.Results The scores of MMSE,ADAS-cog and GDS after 3 months and ADL score after 6 months (t=2.361,-2.198,-1.790,-2.420,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)were improved in treatment group than in control group with the best effects at 12 months(all P＜0.01)and the scores continued to decrease after 36 months.At 72 months,the score improvements in treatment group were 7.5 for MMSE,20.3 for ADAS-cog,19.5 for ADL,and 1.4 for GDS as compared with control group(all P ＜0.01).In contrast to pretreatment,there were statistically significant differences in the scores of MMSE,ADAS-cog and GDS at 3,6,12,18 and 24 months,and in the score of ADL at 6,12,18,24 and 30 months after treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The differences in the scores of ADAS-cog and GDS after 24 months as well as MMSE and ADL after 30 months were not found(P＞0.05)between pre-treatment and post-treatment.Conclusions Donepezil might be long term effective and safe in slowing down the recognitive and overall function deterioration of AD.

Objective To investigate the effective strategies to prevent and treat biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 316 patients who received orthotopic liver transplantation at the Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command from November 2001 to March 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Cold perfusion with HTK + UW solution was applied when obtaining the liver graft,and then the liver graft was preserved in the UW solution.The bile duct was perfused with UW solution thereafter.Orthotopic liver transplantation or piggyback liver transplantation were adopted in the cadaver liver transplantation.Left liver transplantation and right liver transplantation were adopted in the living donor liver transplantation.Choledochojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis or duct-to-duct choledochostomy were used for biliary reconstruction.Ordinary T tubes were used for drainage before 2006,and then 6 F pediatric suction catheter or epidural catheter were applied for drainage thereafter.The Ttube was pulled out 3-6 months after the operation.Enteral nutrition was applied to patients at the early phase after operation.The immunosuppressive agents used including tacrolimus + mycophenolatemofetil + adrenal cortical hormone,and for some patients,tacrolimus + mycophenolatemofetil + sirolimus + hormone were used.Patients were followed up for 2 years to learn the incidence of biliary complications and guide the medication.The difference in the incidence of bile leakage between patients who wcrc admitted before 2006 and those admitted after 2006 were compared using the chi-square test.Results The warm ischemia time was 2-6 minutes,and the cold ischemia time was 3-10 hours.For patients who received cadaver liver transplantation,orthotopic liver transplantation was carried out for 291 times and piggyback liver transplantation for 24 times; biliojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis was carried out for 5 times and bile duct end-to-end anastomosis for 310 times.For patients who received living donor liver transplantation,1 received left liver transplantation and 1 received right liver transplantation,and they received bile duct end-to-end anastomosis.A total of 311 patients received immunosuppressive treatment with tacrolimus + mycophenolatemofetil + adrenal cortical hormone,and 5 patients reveived tacrolimus + mycophenolatemofetil + sirolimus + hormone.Of the 316 patients who received orthotopic liver transplantation,38 had biliary complications after the operation,including bile leakage in 18 patients,intra-and extra-hepatic bile duct stricture in 6 patients,anastomotic stricture in 6 patients,biliarycomplications included cholangitis in the portal area and cholestasis in 4 patients,choledocholithiasis and cholangitis in 2 patients and biliary infection in 2 patients.The incidence of bile leakage before 2006 was 14.00％ (7/50),which was significantly higher than 4.12％ (11/267) of bile leakage after 2006 (x2-7.676,P ＜ 0.05).Of the 38 patients with biliary complications,the condition of 35 patients was improved,and 3 patients died.Of the 18 patients with bile leakage,15 was cured by conservative treatment,3 received surgical treatment (the condition of 1 patient was improved by drainage,anti-infection treatment and nutritional support,but died of peritoneal hemorrhage at postoperative 1 month; 2 patients received peritoneal drainage,1 was cured and 1 died of peritoneal infection).For the 6 patients with intra-and extra-hepatic bile duct stricture,1 was cured by liver retransplantation and 5 were cured by conservative treatment,endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) or balloon dilation.For the 6 patients with anastomotic stricture,the condition of 3 patients was improved by conservative treatment,balloon dilation or stent implantation,1 gave up treatment due to hepatic cancer recurrence and died thereafter,1 received anastomosis + T tube drainage,1 was cured by recurrent tumor resection and choledochojejunostomy.Four patients with cholangitis in the portal area and cholestasis were cured by conservative treatment.For the 2 patients with choledocholithiasis and cholangitis,1 was cured by stent implantation with ERCP,and 1 received conservative treatment,and the level of total bilirubin was decreased.Two patients with biliary infection were cured by anti-infection treatment.Conclusions Most of the biliary complications could be treated by non-surgical treatments.For patients with severe biliary complications or those could not be treated by non-surgical treatment,re-exploration of the bile duct is effective.Liver re-transplantation is the only choice for patients with dysfunction of liver graft caused by severe ischemic biliary injury.

Objective To explore the effect of behavioral training on the differentiation of neural stem cells in the dental gyrus (DG) in rats with hippocampus infarction. Methods Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into infarction plus behavior training group, infarction group and control group. Photochemistry method was used to induce hippocampal infarction in rats of the infarction plus behavioral training group and infarc-tion group. At 1 day after surgery, Morris water maze training was used for infarction plus behavioral training group, free-movement without training was performed for infarction group. Double staining immunofluorescence was used to detect the co-expression of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) with neuronal nuclei ( NeuN ) or glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the DG at different time points. Results Few BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double staining cells were observed in the DG of control rats. In the infarction group and infarction plus behavioral training group the number of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double-stained cells increased in the DG on the opposite side compared with the control group on 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days after surgery (P < 0.05 ). There observed significantly more BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double-stained cells in the infarction plus behavioral training group than that in the infarction group on the 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days after surgery ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Behavioral training can accelerate the differentiation of neural stem cells to neuron and astrocyte, by which to promote the re-covery of neural functions.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of rAAV2-SERCA2a gene targeted to myocardium by the ultrasound mediated microbubbles in rats with myocardial infarction(MI) using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Methods Thirty-five male SD rats were divided into Sham group, MI group and gene therapy group. rAAV2-SERCA2a was attached to the surface of SonoVue, sulphur hexafluoride-filled microbubbles. Therapy group animals were infused with those mixed fluids through tail vein. The other two groups were infused with SonoVue microbubbles. These bubbles were infused with simultaneous echocardiography. Four weeks after ultrasound microbubbles destructed,Circumferential strain rate(SRcir), radial strain rate(SRrad) and left ventricular torsion (LVtor) of regional myocardium were measured in short-axis view using speckle tracking imaging software for each animal. Results Compared with the M1 group,there were significant increase in SRcir-S,SRcir-E, SRrad-S,SRrad-E and LVtor in rats of gene therapy group( P ＜0. 01 ). There was no significant difference between gene therapy group and sham group. Conclusions rAAV2-SERCA2a gene targeted to myocardium by the ultrasound mediated microbubbles could enhance cardiac function of rats with MI.

Objective:To observe the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on antigen presentation of dendritic cells(DC).Methods:DC and CIK cells were generated by culturing PBMC of healthy blood donor.The typical DC and DC pulsed by Astragalus polysaccharides were co-cultured with CIK cells,respectively.Then the changes in the phenotypes of the DCs pulsed with Astragalus polysaccharides were determined.Cell surface markers were analysed by FACS method.IFN-? and IL-12 secreted by co-cultured cells were detected by ELISA.The cytotoxicity of effector cells on A549 cells in vitro were measured by MTT assays.Results:Astragalus polysaccharides could increase the expression of CD40,CD80 and HLA-DR on DC surface.The Astragalus polysaccharides pulsed DC-CIK cells resulted in an enhanced killing activity to A549 cells than that of unpulsd DC-CIK cells(P