0.6). And there was high internal consistency in major instruments. The validity was examined by comparing the responses of informants and responses (good standards) of the target person in normal control group. There was also a high validity(r=0.21~0.61).Conclusion: The information reconstructed from the informants has good reliability and validity. It is possible to study suicide with psychological autopsy in China.

Objective To investigate the effects of radix salvia miltiorrhizae on the apoptosis of hepatoeytes during cold preservation and reperfusion injury in rat donor liver. Methods Forty male SD rats were divided into experimental group, control group and sham operation group. The rat model of liver transplantation was established according to the Kamada method. The grafts were preserved in lactated Ringer's solution with radix salvia miltiorrhizae in experimental group and in lactated Ringer's solution in control group for 5 hours, then they were transplanted orthotopically. Six hours after transplantation, the recipients were sacrificed, and the serum ALT and AST were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer, the hepatocyte apoptosis by TUNEL, the expression of Bcl-2 and FasL protein by flow cytometry. The histopathological changes of the liver grafts were observed under light microscope. Results The levels of ALT and AST in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group after reperfusion. Compared with that in the control group, the apoptosis index of the hepatoeyte was signifieandy decreased in the experimental group ( F = 133.802, P <0.05 ), while the level of Bel-2 protein expression was increased ( F = 91.063, P < 0.01 ). No statistical difference upon FasL protein expression was detected between the 2 groups( F = 1.329, P >0.05). The histopathological injury of the liver grafts in the experimental group was significantly slighter than that in the control group. Conclusions Radix salvia mihiorrhizae inhibits the apoptosis of hepatocytes by increasing the Bcl-2 protein expression during cold preservation and reperfusion injury, so it has a protective effect on the liver graft against ischemia reperfusion injury.

Objective To provide the experimental data for standard establishment and ergonomics research on manned spaceflight displays basing on relation of six effect factors to function of human-machine system as displaying with LCD,and the best factor-level-composition is chosen.Methods An experimental system was developed.The orhoganal experiment means was adopted.Twenty subjects were asked to finish three tasks: to view parameters of the whole screen interface,to seek local parameters,to identify the fault events quickly.Three indices: reaction time,error times and times of unable to recognize were analyzed.Results The indices were much different for different factors at different levels.According to the indices of mean reaction time,extreme difference of view-angle was the lowest and view-distance the highest.Conclusion The order of the display effects of different factors on human-machine system is successively: viewdistance,illuminant level,character height,color of character/background and viewangle.

Objective To investigate the relationship of alcohol exposure during pregnancy and non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) in offspring mice.Methods Pregnant mice of ED3.5-ED18.5 were given 56％ alcohol by gavage at a dose of 5 mL/kg.The ED19.5 mice were sacrificed,and the heart of the fetal mice was harvested.Transmission electron microscopy (filaments,mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum) and HE staining were used to verify the changes of structure and ultrastructure of the obtained myocardial tissues.Echocardiography was used to evaluate the cardiac function and ventricular myometrium of the offspring mice after growing up.Results Alcohol exposure during pregnancy caused the disorganized and dissolved myofilaments in the fetal mice.Some offspring mice (31.25％,5/16) had NCC.The ratio of non-compacted myocardium to compact myocardium at the end of systole (N/C) was 2.49 ± 0.6 in the offspring mice of the alcohol exposure group,significantly higher than that in the control offspring mice (0.62 ± 0.23,t =10.397,P =0.000).The volume of heart was decreased in the offspring mice of the alcohol exposure group while the left ventricule was enlarged.Echocardiography showed cardiac dysfunction and thickened ventricular septal/left ventricular posterior walls in the grown-up mice of the exposure group.Conclusion Large dose of alcohol exposure during pregnancy cause trabeculations and non-compaction in ventricular myocardium,and it might be one of causers for NCC in the offspring.

Animal models of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH),aiming to simulate human characteristics of the disease,have contributed extensively to understanding the pathophysiology of PAH and the investigation of experimental treatments.The classical models include monocrotaline models,chronic hypoxia model and so on,more new models were investigated in recent years.These animal models were not able to perfectly mimic human pathological characteristics of PAH because of the defect in different aspects.In this review,both typical and novel methods of PAH modeling were summarized and evaluated to provide a suitable guidance for the settlement of animal models which can meet human characteristics comprehensively.

Objective To evaluate the effect ofcytochrome P450 isoenzyme subfamily 2C19 (CYP2C19)gene polymorphism on the clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy in cirrhosis patients after receiving transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Methods The clinical data of 171 cirrhosis patients,who were treated with TIPS during the period from January 2013 to December 2014,were retrospectively analyzed.During operation both the portal vein and the elbow vein blood samples were collected and sent for CYP2C19 gene testing.After TIPS,clinical follow-up checkup was made once every 3 months.The gene detection results and clinical follow-up findings were comparatively analyzed.Results A total of 110 patients,who had not received blood transfusion before TIPS and who had regularly taken clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy after TIPS were enrolled in the study.The mean time to take clopidogrel was 192.4 days (31-517 days),and the gene detection results of portal vein and elbow vein were quite consistent.CYP2C19 genotype of *1/*1 was found in 49 patients (44.5％),CYP2C19 genotype of *1/*2 in 27 patients (24.6％),CYP2C19 genotype of *1/*3 in 18patients (16.4％),CYP2C19 genotype of *2/*2 in 11 patients (10.0％),CYP2C19 genotype of *2/*3 in 3patients (2.7％),and CYP2C 19 genotype of *3/*3 in 2 patients (1.8％).Following-up examinations showed that the incidence of shunt dysfunction in patients carrying slow metabolic gene was 87.5％ (14/16),which was significantly higher than that in patients carrying moderate metabolic gene (20.0％,9/45;x2=22.9,P=0.006)as well as in patients carrying fast metabolic gene (8.2％,4/49;x2=37.91,P=O.O00 1).Multivariate analysis of Cox regression model indicated that CYP2C19 slow metabolic gene variation was an important predictive factor for shunt dysfunction (95％CI:1.80-9.03,P=O.O00 7).Conclusion CYP2C19 slow metabolic gene variation,including genotype of *2/*2,*2/*3 and *3/*3,is an important factor that can influence the efficacy of clopidogrel treatment after TIPS.Preoperative CYP2C19 gene detection results can provide useful information,which is very helpful in making an effective and reliable anti-platelet treatment plan for patients after TIPS.

Objective To observe the retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL) thickness and optic disc morphology in guinea pigs by optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) , and to investigate the correlation of spherical equivalent and axial length with those parameters .Methods Twenty healthy guinea pigs were used in this study .Spherical equivalent and axi-al length of nine guinea pigs were measured , and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic disc morphology in the guinea pigs were analyzed by OCT .Results Spherical equivalent of the guinea pigs was positively correlated with average RNFL thickness, and with superior, temporal, inferior and nasal RNFL thicknesses;while ocular axial length was negatively cor-related with average RNFL thickness , and with superior , temporal , inferior and nasal RNFL thicknesses .Spherical equiva-lent and axial length did not correlate significantly with disc edge area , optic disc area , average cup disc ratio , or cup vol-ume .Vertical cup disc ratio significantly correlated with axial length , but did not with spherical equivalent .Conclusions The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in guinea pigs is affected by both spherical equivalent and axial length .When guinea pigs are used as an animal model of glaucoma , the effect of refractive state and axial length should be considered .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of the DNA integrity of optimized sperm on the embryonic development and clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

METHODSThis study included 605 cycles of conventional IVF-ET for pure oviductal infertility performed from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. On the day of retrieval, we examined the DNA integrity of the sperm using the sperm chromatin dispersion method. According to the ROC curve and Youden index, we grouped the cycles based on the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) threshold value for predicting implantation failure, early miscarriage, and fertilization failure, followed by analysis of the correlation between DFI and the outcomes of IVF-ET.

RESULTSAccording to the DFI threshold values obtained, the 605 cycles fell into four groups (DFI value < 5%, 5-10%, 10-15%, and ≥ 15%). Statistically significant differences were observed among the four groups in the rates of fertilization, cleavage, high-quality embryo, implantation, clinical pregnancy, early miscarriage, and live birth (P < 0.05), but not in the rates of multiple pregnancy, premature birth, and low birth weight (P > 0.05). DFI was found to be correlated negatively with the rates of fertilization (r = -0.32, P < 0.01), cleavage (r = -0.19, P < 0.01), high-quality embryo (r = -0.40, P < 0.01), clinical pregnancy (r = -0.20, P < 0.01), and live birth (r = -0.09 P = 0.04), positively with the rate of early miscarriage (r = 0.23, P < 0.01), but not with the rates of multiple pregnancy (r = -0.01, P = 0.83), premature birth (r = 0.04, P = 0.54), and low birth weight (r = 0.03, P = 0.62).

CONCLUSIONThe DNA integrity of optimized sperm influences fertilization, embryonic development, early miscarriage, and live birth of IVF-ET, but its correlation with premature birth and low birth weight has to be further studied.

Abortion, Spontaneous ; Chromatin ; ultrastructure ; DNA Fragmentation ; Embryo Implantation ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; ROC Curve ; Spermatozoa ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the values of the sperm deformity index (SDI), acrosome abnormity rate (AAR), and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of optimized sperm in the prediction of fertilization failure (fertilization rate < 25%) in conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF).

METHODSWe selected 695 cycles of conventional IVF for pure oviductal infertility in this study, including 603 cycles of normal fertilization and 92 cycles of fertilization failure. On the day of oocyte retrieval, we examined sperm morphology, acrosome morphology, and DNA fragmentation using the Diff-Quik, PSA-FITC and SCD methods. We established the joint predictor (JP) by logistic equation and analyzed the values of different parameters in predicting fertilization failure with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

RESULTSThe fertilization rate was negatively correlated with SDI (r = - 0.07; P = 0.03), AAR (r = -0.49; P < 0.01), and DFI (r = -0. 21; P < 0.01). The SDI, AAR, and DFI in the normal fertilization group were 1.24 ± 0.20, (7.75 ± 2.28)%, and (7.87 ± 3.15)%, and those in the fertilization failure group were 1.42 ± 0.15, (12.02 ± 3.06)%, and (13.32 ± 4.13)%, respectively, all with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). SDI, AAR, and DFI were all risk factors of fertilization failure ( OR = 2.68, 14.11, and 3.85; P = 0.01, < 0.01, and < 0.01). The areas under the ROC curves for SDI, AAR, DFI, and JP were 0.651 ± 0.033, 0.895 ± 0.019, 0.789 ± 0.022, and 0.915 ± 0.017, respectively. According to the Youden index, the optimal cut-off values of SDI, AAR, and DFI obtained for the prediction of fertilization failure were approximately 1.45, 10%, and 12%.

CONCLUSIONThe SDI, AAR and DFI of optimized sperm are closely associated with the fertilization rate, and all have the value for predicting fertilization failure in IVF. The AAR is more valuable than the other single predictors, but JP is more effective than the AAR.

Acrosome ; Area Under Curve ; DNA Fragmentation ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; ROC Curve ; Risk Factors ; Spermatozoa ; abnormalities ; ultrastructure

Objective To evaluate of the clinical effect of triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation for treatment of necrosis of talus. Methods The clinical data of 24 patients with necrosis of talus who were treated by triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation from April 2011 to January 2015 in Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South Univer-sity were retrospectively analyzed. And the clinical effect were measured by AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale System. Results The 24 patients were followed up for 26 months averagely (12~36 months). According to AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale System, there were 4 cases of mod-erate and 20 cases of bad before treatment, and there were 18 cases of excellent, 4 cases of good, and 2 cases of moderate after the treat-ment. Conclusion It can achieve good clinical results in treatment of necrosis of talus through triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation.