Orthodontics is the procedure of managing the space .Space analysis is a comprehensive quantitative analysis that can analyze the factors that influence the arch space .It also helps to judge if the treatment goals can be reached , thus helping the treat-ment plan making and guiding clinical orthodontics .And space analysis related factors include crowding , curve of Spee, arch width, arch growth, arch protrusion, mesiodistal angulation, an so on.In this review, we summarizes the above-mentioned factors.

Objective To investigate the antibacterial activity of the alkaloids extract from Oxytropis falcata Bunge against 9 common pathogens in vitro. Methods Alkaloids was extracted from Oxytropis falcata Bunge. The agar plate dilution method was adopted to evaluate the activity against bacteria of 4 Gram-negative test strains and 5 Gram-positive test strains, while the MIC and MBC were determined by tube double dilution method. Results The alkaloids extract from Oxytropis falcata Bunge had the antibacterial activity against 9 pathogens and there was a good dose-response relationship between sensitivity and concentration. Antibacterial activities against bacillus subtilis and stentrophmomas maltophilia showed stronger than other tested bacteria, the MIC and MBC were 0.95 mg/mL and 1.91 mg/mL, respectively. In other tested bacteria, MIC and MBC were ranged in 1.91-7.63 mg/mL. Conclusion The alkaloids extract showed a broad spectrum of a stronger antibacterial activity against all tested pathogens. Gram-positive strains were more sensitive than Gram-negative strains to the inhibitory effects of the alkaloids extract.

Objective To analyze and study the relationship between plasma adhesion molecules,free amino acids and ovarian cancer.Methods A total of 67 patients with ovarian cancer in our hospital during the time of March 2015 to May 2016 were selected as the observation group,and 67 healthy women at the same time were selected as the control group.The plasma adhesion molecules and free amino acids levels of two groups were detected and compared,The detection levels of observation group with different stages and degree of differentiation of ovarian cancers were compared.The relationship between plasma adhesion molecules,free amino acids and ovarian cancer were analyzed by the Logistic analysis.Results The plasma adhesion molecules levels of observation group were all higher than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05),the plasma free amino acids levels were all lower than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the detection levels of observation group with different stages and degree of differentiation of ovarian cancer plasma adhesion molecules and free amino acid levels had significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The Logistic analysis showed that the plasma adhesion molecules and free amino acids had close relationship to the ovarian cancer (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The plasma adhesion molecules and free amino acids of the patients with ovarian cancer show abnormal expression state,and the expression levels of patients with different stages and degree of differentiation of ovarian cancer have certain differences,so the detection value of those indexes in the patients with ovarian cancer is higher.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of encircling scleral buckling surgery in rhegmatogenous retinal detachement (RRD) with vitrectomy. Methods The records of a series of 118 consecutive patients with RRD undergone encircling scleral buckling surgery and vitrectomy between 1995 1999 were reviewed. All of the patients underwent an onece vitrectomy, and they consisted of with encircling scleral buckling group and without encircling scleral buckling group. The difference of rate of retinal reattachment, and the relationship between the reattachment rate and the grade of PVR, position of retinal tear and the different intraocular tamponade substitute in both groups were analysed and compared. The average follow up period was 6.5 mons (1.5 mons 3 ys). Results The rate of retinal reattachment in this series of 118 cases was 81 4% (96/118) in which the encircling scleral buckling group accounted for 44 7% and the group without encircling scleral buckling accounted for 55.3%. There was no statistical difference of rate of retinal reattachment between both groups with PVR C, different intraocular tamponade and various positions of retinal tears, while the rate of retinal reattachment in cases of PVR D and retinal tears posterior to equator in group without encircling scleral buckling was significanthy higher than that in encircling scleral buckling group ( P

[Objective]To study the efficacy and related problems of lumbar microdiscectomy and small-incision discectomy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.[Method]A total of 82 cases were treated with lumbar microdiscectomy,70 cases were treated with small-incision discectomy.The results of two groups were compared.[Result]Compared with the small incision group,the operative time and the complication rates were significently reduced.The effective rate between the two groups had no significent difference.[Conclusion]Small-insion discectomy is as an effective operation as microdiscectomy,while lumbar microdiscectomy had the advantages of minimal invasive,more indications,less bleeding.Strict selection of indications,sufficient preoperative preparations and practiced surgical techniques are the key points of the two minimally invasive techniques to award good outcomes.

[Objective]To oberserve the method and efficacy of anterior microsurgical decompression and fusion via cervical disc space in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.[Method]Forty-three patients were treated with microsurgical decompression via cervical disc space and fusion with PEEK(Polyetheretherketone)cages.Preoperative,immediate postoperative and follow-up X-ray films were utilized to oberserve the fusion rate of the segments,and to evaluate the restoration of lordosis(Cobb's angle)and intervertebral height.[Result]All patients were followed up with an average of 15.4 months.The fusion rate was 100% and the satisfactory rate was 88.4% according to the 40 score method.Immediate postoperative X-ray films showed 6.0?improvement in lordosis(P

0.05).Conclusion The study suggests that the coefficient of DNA-protein crosslinks can be increased significantly by higher concentrations of FA in A549 cell lines.DPC induced by FA could be repaired.

Objective To investigate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in hippocampus after status convulsion (SC) and explore the influence of age and duration of SC on the expression of BDNF and NGF. Methods Animal model with the different durations of SC (30 min,3h) were established by intraperitoneal injection of 3 mEq/kg lithium chloride,18-20 h later,followed by 5 mg/kg pilocarpine in 40 adult Wistar rats aged 2-3 months and 40 20-day-old Wistar rats. The normal control and experimental control were made in ten adult rats and ten 20-day-old rats (n=5 for each control). The rats were sacrificed at 3 h,6 h,12 h,1 d,3 d,7 d after 30-minute SC,or 3 h,1 d after 3-hour SC respectively. The location and cell type expression of BDNF and NGF in the hippocampus were observed by immunohistochemistry. The levels of BDNF and NGF at different time points were quantitatively analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The cells expressing BDNF and NGF located mainly in the dentate granule cells and CA1-CA4 pyramidal cells of hippocampus. The most positive immunoreactivity was in cytoplasm,partly in axons. The expression of BDNF had the tendency of increase in all rats after 3-hour SC,peaked at 1 d and 3 d respectively. These increases lasted for at least 7 d. Moreover,a several-fold increase was observed at the peak levels. The patterns of NGF expression were similar to that of BDNF after SC. The elevated degree and duration of NGF expression were remarkably lower than that of BDNF,declining abruptly to below control levels by 12 h with the characteristic of biphasic increase. The expression of hippocampal BDNF had the positive correlation with the duration of SC,but that of NGF was not. No matter the duration of SC,there was more rapid and evident induction of BDNF in 20-day-old rats and adult rats. Moreover,the age-related difference was more obvious for the longer duration of SC. Conclusion SC induced the expression of BDNF chiefly in hippocampus,and had minor influence on that of NGF. The expression of BDNF was related to age and duration of SC. There was a more rapid and marked induction of BDNF in 20-day-old rats and adult rats. The age-related difference had the positive correlation with the duration of SC.

Objective To study the effect and eradication of Kuiyang Decoction(decoction for ulcer) plus triad-therapy of western medicine on helicobacter pylori(Hp) positive duodenal ulcer.Methods The 140 cases were randomly divided into two groups.The control group,70 cases,was treated by standard triad-therapy:omeprazole,amoxicillin and metronidazole per os for one week in succession,then only omeprazole,20mg each time,twice a day,3 weeks in succession.The treatment group,70 cases,was treated by Kuiyang Decoction per os,one dose each day,for 4 weeks in succession in addition to taking the above-mentioned western medicines in the same way as the control group.Before and after treatment both groups were given the Hp test for comparing the therapeutic effect.Results The treatment group was better than the control group in the effect under gastroscope,Hp eradication rate,symptom improvement,and one-year recurrent rate(P

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of resection and cryotherapy combined with amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) with giant papillae (GP). Eight patients (16 eyes involved) with VKC, characterized by GP on the upper tarsal conjunctiva, underwent resection and cryotherapy in combination with AMT. The follow-up lasted for 3-22 months. The results showed that corneal shield ulcers and superficial punctuate keratitis healed during the first week after surgery and did not recur. Fourteen eyes (87.5 %) were symptom-free 1 month after surgery, and no GP, ectropion, trichiasis and other complications were noted, but the blood vessels of upper tarsal conjunctiva could not be clearly seen and a little conjunctival scar was observed. Recurrence of GP was observed in 2 eyes (12.5 %), with the area being less and irritation milder as compared with those before the operation. Among the two eyes, one eye was treated by cyclosporine eyedrops with improvement, but the other eye showed no improvement after the treatment, and underwent a second surgery with a cotton patch soaked in fluorouracil applied onto the supratarsal area after resection and cryotherapy. Four months after the treatment the patient presented no symptoms and GP did not recur. It is concluded that the resection and cryotherapy combined with AMT is an effective and safe treatment for VKC with GP.