One of the aims of biotechnological pharmaceutics is to educate innovative highquality medical talents.The second classroom activities can be used as a complementation to ensure the teachiug effectiveness of the course.This study focuses on the experience of carrying out the second class of biotechnological pharmaceutics and tends to provide references for teachers who are going to carry out the second class.

The technique of Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been widely applied as alternative treatment for non resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has equivalent efficacy in prognosis.However,because of the restriction of current heat ablation technique and tumor's special location in liver,it is difficult for some physicians to obtain the ideal of one-off complete ablation.Therefore,incomplete destruction of tumor and multiple ablation processes resulted in miserable consequence in prognosis.So,to achieve one-off complete ablation,it is essential to evaluate the anatomy location of the tumor before RFA procedure and to establish the specified approach and adjuvant method.This article is to systematically analyze the theoretical hypothesis of this technique and to explore possible strategy for a safe approach based on characteristics of liver anatomy and combined with the professional advantages of hepatobiliary surgery.

Integron was a novel bacterial resistance gene horizontal transmission element.In recent years, many researchers made a lot of research on the resistance mechanism of pathogen.In this paper, the detection and the novel discovery of the integron gene cassette were summarized , including Enterobacteria, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria , on the basis of the multidrug resistance mechanism mediated by integron.The prospect the research was descixbed and more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of multidrug resistant bacteria.

Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disease,its etiology remains unknown.The genetic factor may play an important role during the course of the disease,This article reviews the advances in genes-related to moyamoya disease in recent years,hoping to provide new ideas for future research.

Bilioenterostomy with a wide variety of techniques is a common surgical operation in digestive surgery.Each of these surgeries has its own advantages and disadvantages.At present,Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy seems to be the dominant surgery,while other operations are used in some particular circumstances.Furthermore,some modified surgeries for bilioenterostomy have been conducted with the deepening understanding of the complications.Additionally,different kinds of new facilities and techniques have been applied to bilioenterostomy.Despite the controversy on specific issues,reasonable choice of bilioenterostomy should follow thc principles of specific purpose,correct choice and reliable effect.In other words,whether or not using bilioenterostomy should be considered correctly from the whole system,and then surgical methods should be accurately chose for patients,and finally avoiding the technical errors and guaranteeing the surgical effects.

Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Pathology, Clinical ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Referral and Consultation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Telepathology ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends

Objective Using stem tip of Gymnadenia conopsea in this experiment to investigate somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in vitro.Methods Uniform dedign for the most suitable media for embryogenic callus induction and embryogenic cell complex,development of somatic embryo and plant regeneration were screened.Results The results showed that Chaturvedi and Mitra(CM)+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IAA 2.0 mg/L+2,4-D 0.1 mg/L was fit for embryogenic callus and embryogenic cell complex induction.Percentage was 98%;The medium of development of somatic embryo and plant regeneration was CM+6-BA 1.00 mg/L+IAA 0.10 mg/L.Percentage was 100% and converted into plantlets with shoots and roots after 50 d culture on the same medium.Conclusion The observation of morphostructure and ultrastructure proves the process of somatic embryogenesis of G.conopsea.

Aortopulmonary Septal Defect ; therapy ; Catheterization ; Female ; Humans ; Infant

Objective To compare the anesthetic effects of remifentanil and fentanyl in elderly patient undergoing transurethral electro-vaporization of the prostate.Methods Eighty cases of the elderly patients (age ≥60 years) with transurethral resection of the prostate operation in the hospital were randomly divided into remifentanil group(R group,n =40) and fentanyl group (F group,n =40).Patients in R group and F group were administrated remifentanil and fentanyl respectively for induction and maintenance of anesthesia.The following indices were recorded including the changes of emodynamics (lood pressure,heart rate) in before-and after-anesthesia,postoperative recovery (spontaneous breathing recovery time,open the recovery time,extubation time) and the adverse reaction within 24 hours after operation (awareness during operation,nausea,vomiting).Results Blood pressures,heart rate of after-anesthesia in R group were lower than that in before-anesthesia and F group,the difference were significant(Blood pressures:F within group =58.306,P within group =0.000,F interactive group =142.450,p interactive group =0.000,F between group =7.417,P between group =0.010;heart rate:F within group =41.512,P within group =0.000,F interactive group =269.103,P interactive group =0.000,F between grouP =39.703,P between group =0.000).Spontaneous breathing recovery time,opening eye time and extubation time in group R were significantly shorter than that of F group (Spontaneous breathing recovery time:(7.5 ± 1.3) min vs.(10.7 ± 3.1) min,t =3.011 ; Opening eye time:(13.5 ± 3.2) min vs.(18.3 ± 5.2) min,t =2.611 ; Extubation time:(24.4 ± 5.5) min vs.(29.2 ± 7.1) min,t =2.696 ; all P ＜ 0.05).No significant differences were found in R and F group in terms of intraoperative awareness postoperative nausea,vomiting (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Remifentanil used in elderly patients with transurethral electro-vaporization of the prostate was safer and more effective than fentanyl.Meanwhile postoperative recovery in Remifentanil patient was more rapidly.Therefore Remifentanil was ideal drug during the process clinical anesthesia.

Objective To summarize and evaluate the technique and clinical outcome of limited tarsal sinus incision plus locking plate internal fixation for minimally invasive treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Methods Between February 2010 and February 2011,16 cases of intra-articular calcaneal fractures were treated in a minimally invasive manner in our department. All cases were evaluated carefully with routine X-rays and CT scans preoperatively to define the type of fracture and the involvement of articular surface.Open reduction and locking plate internal fixation with percutaneous screws were performed via a limited tarsal sinus approach 3 to 6 days after injury (average,4 days).Regular X-ray follow-ups were conducted to measure the Bohler's and Gissane angles.Overall functional evaluation was carried out according to Visual Analogue Scale (VAS),the Hind-foot Score by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36).Complications were recorded as well.Results The 13 cases were followed up for a mean duration of 18 months (from 12 to 24 months).There were no wound infection,skin and flap necrosis or implant failure.Bone union was achieved at an average of 10 weeks (from 8 to 12 weeks) post-operatively.The average Bohler's angle was improved significantly from 13.4° ± 3.4° (from 8° to 19°) pre-operatively to 26.5° ± 4.5° ( from 21° to 38°) post-operatively ( t =9.781,P ＜ 0.001 ).The average Gissane angle was improved significantly from 88.1° ± 7.6° (from 77° to 100°)pre-operatively to 116.2°±7.5° (from 100°to 124°) post-operatively (t =12.934,P ＜0.001).On average,the VAS score was 1.5 ± 1.7,the AOFAS score was 84.2 ± 5.9 and the SF-36 score was 79.5 ± 8.1 at the final follow-up.The follow-ups revealed no post-traumatic arthritis. Conclusion Open reduction and locking plate fixation with percutaneous screws via a limited tarsal sinus incision is a safe and reliable treatment for intra-articular calcaneal fractures,because it has the advantages of direct reduction of the articular surface,solid fixation,and limited soft tissue complications.