Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disease,its etiology remains unknown.The genetic factor may play an important role during the course of the disease,This article reviews the advances in genes-related to moyamoya disease in recent years,hoping to provide new ideas for future research.

One of the aims of biotechnological pharmaceutics is to educate innovative highquality medical talents.The second classroom activities can be used as a complementation to ensure the teachiug effectiveness of the course.This study focuses on the experience of carrying out the second class of biotechnological pharmaceutics and tends to provide references for teachers who are going to carry out the second class.

The technique of Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been widely applied as alternative treatment for non resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has equivalent efficacy in prognosis.However,because of the restriction of current heat ablation technique and tumor's special location in liver,it is difficult for some physicians to obtain the ideal of one-off complete ablation.Therefore,incomplete destruction of tumor and multiple ablation processes resulted in miserable consequence in prognosis.So,to achieve one-off complete ablation,it is essential to evaluate the anatomy location of the tumor before RFA procedure and to establish the specified approach and adjuvant method.This article is to systematically analyze the theoretical hypothesis of this technique and to explore possible strategy for a safe approach based on characteristics of liver anatomy and combined with the professional advantages of hepatobiliary surgery.

Integron was a novel bacterial resistance gene horizontal transmission element.In recent years, many researchers made a lot of research on the resistance mechanism of pathogen.In this paper, the detection and the novel discovery of the integron gene cassette were summarized , including Enterobacteria, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria , on the basis of the multidrug resistance mechanism mediated by integron.The prospect the research was descixbed and more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of multidrug resistant bacteria.

Bilioenterostomy with a wide variety of techniques is a common surgical operation in digestive surgery.Each of these surgeries has its own advantages and disadvantages.At present,Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy seems to be the dominant surgery,while other operations are used in some particular circumstances.Furthermore,some modified surgeries for bilioenterostomy have been conducted with the deepening understanding of the complications.Additionally,different kinds of new facilities and techniques have been applied to bilioenterostomy.Despite the controversy on specific issues,reasonable choice of bilioenterostomy should follow thc principles of specific purpose,correct choice and reliable effect.In other words,whether or not using bilioenterostomy should be considered correctly from the whole system,and then surgical methods should be accurately chose for patients,and finally avoiding the technical errors and guaranteeing the surgical effects.

Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Pathology, Clinical ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Referral and Consultation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Telepathology ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends

Objective Using stem tip of Gymnadenia conopsea in this experiment to investigate somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in vitro.Methods Uniform dedign for the most suitable media for embryogenic callus induction and embryogenic cell complex,development of somatic embryo and plant regeneration were screened.Results The results showed that Chaturvedi and Mitra(CM)+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IAA 2.0 mg/L+2,4-D 0.1 mg/L was fit for embryogenic callus and embryogenic cell complex induction.Percentage was 98%;The medium of development of somatic embryo and plant regeneration was CM+6-BA 1.00 mg/L+IAA 0.10 mg/L.Percentage was 100% and converted into plantlets with shoots and roots after 50 d culture on the same medium.Conclusion The observation of morphostructure and ultrastructure proves the process of somatic embryogenesis of G.conopsea.

Several virus families have been shown to encode microRNAs (miRNAs), which have roles in the infection and replication of viruses in host cells. These virus-encoded miRNAs are identified in double-stranded DNA virus (dsDNA virus) and in several RNA virus families, but not in single-stranded DNA virus (ssDNA virus). We used a bioinformatics approach based on VMir, miRNAFold and MaturePred software to predict virus-encoded miRNA-like small RNAs from the genome of a ssDNA virus: Aedes aegypti densovirus (AaeDV). Northern blotting and stem-loop reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect predicted small RNAs. A miRNA-like small RNA termed "AaeDVMD" was identified by stem-loop RT-PCR from predicted candidates. This is the first report demonstrating that a ssDNA virus can encode miRNA-like small RNAs. These data will aid further exploration of the interaction between the AaeDV and its mosquito host.
Aedes ; virology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Computational Biology ; Densovirinae ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism

Aortopulmonary Septal Defect ; therapy ; Catheterization ; Female ; Humans ; Infant

Objective To evaluate the value of clinical findings and different diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of adult onset Still's disease (AOSD). Methods The AOSD patients admitted to Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from 2003 to 2009 were enrolled. Non-AOSD patients with fever were selected. Different diagnostic criteria of AOSD were applied to all patients. Two indenpendent samples t test and wilco-xon test were used for statistical analysis. Results The clinical features such as rash, arthralgia, arthroncus, sore throat, myalgia, lymph node enlargement, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, leuko-cytosis, neutrophil ≥80% and serum level of ferrin≥ 2000 ng/ml hadhigher specificity (65.87%~98.41%) with 2.00～5.00 of the positive likelihood ratio.High fever ( ≥39.0℃), negative of ANA and RF had higher sensi-tivity (85.25%~93.65%). Combinations of three parameters such as high fever, rash, sore throat, leukocy-tosis, arthralgia had higher positive likelihood ratio. The specificity of ARA criteria was the highest. The sensitivity and accuracy of Yamaguchi criteria were the highest. Conclusion There is no single parameter that could be specific to the identification of AOSD. Combing with several parameters can improve the diagnostic efficiency. The results of this study have shown that the commonly used diagnostic criteria has high specificity.