Objective: To synthesize a new type of cationic polymers (β-ammo esters) (PBAE) and to study its role as a gene vector. Methods: PBAE was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction. PBAE/pDNA complex nanoparticles were prepared by self-assembly, and the gene tranfection efficiency mediated by the nanoparticles into HEK293 cells in vitro was observed. Results: When weight ratio of PBAE/pDNA was 50: 1, pDNA was completely wrapped. And the transfection efficiency of PBAE/pDNA nanoparticles (PBAE/pDNA weight ratio being 200: 1) was significantly higher than PEI/pDNA nanoparticles (43.3% ± 3.7% vs 30.3% ± 2.1%, P < 00.05). Conclution: Cationic poly(β-amino esters) can electrostatically bind to and condense anionic DNA into nanometersized parties. PBAE/pDNA nanopartides has a high transfection efficiency in in vitro transfection experiments.

Objective Probing into the "informed choice" and its features for patients in dentist clinics for the purposes of optimizing clinical practice and reducing doctor-patient disputes, for a better patient satisfaction.Methods Questionnaire are designed for a random sampling among 106 outpatients in the dentist clinic, studying the conflict, support factors and information channels of informed choices available for dentistry patients.Results The 100 questionnaires recovered indicate that patients at large are faced with conflicts in informed choice, and they tend to seek doctor's advice for comparison among different treatments.Conclusion Dental patients deserve "informed choice", as this may guide clinical practices and improve patient satisfaction, for a more harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

To investigate the significance and age characteristics of CVB infections among common diseases of children.CVB Ag and CVB IgM were detected from the sera in 967 children in hospital. Positive rates of CVB Ag and CVB IgM in the upper respiratory tract infection group, the lower respiratory tract infection group, the myocarditis group, the asthma group, the ITP group and the anaphylactoid purpura group were higher than the control group.Most of the children with positive CVB were in the 0～1 year age group and 1～3 years age group had respiratory tract infection. With increasing age,the number of the children with respiratory tract infection gradually decreased,while number of the children with myocarditis,asthma,ITP and anaphylactoid purpura increased in those children with positive CVB. It suggests that, beside respiratory tract infection,CVB plays an important role in pathogenesis of myocarditis,asthma,ITP and allergic purpura in children.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Nifedipine ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Ureter ; drug effects ; physiology ; Urination ; drug effects ; Vitamin K 3 ; pharmacology

Objective To develop and charaterize a series of Poloxamer-and Carbopol-based in situ gel for ophthalmic use as to enhance the ability of drug to retain in eyes and delay drug release.Methods The gel was prepared using Poloxamer 407/188 and Carbopol 974P as gelling agent and viscosity enhancer,respectively.Rheological characteristics were evaluated and behaviour of drug release in vitro was investigated by modified Franz diffusion cells.Results The rheological study indicated that the gel was physically entangled polymer solutions at 20 ℃ and then converted into a network structure with secondary bonds at 35 ℃.The gel released the drug molecules slowly in 4 h.The best fit model was Higuchi matrix model(r=0.992 3).Formulations consisting of Poloxamer 188 and Carbopol 974P were proved to be able to decrease the drug release speed efficiently.The impact on elastic modulus G" of the gel caused by those two were different.Conclusion An in situ gel with suitable sol-gel transition temperature and satisfactory release pattern could be achieved by adjusting the ratio of Poloxamer 407 to Poloxamer 188.The developed formulations have the ability to prolong the ocular residence time,which suggests it may be a new durg delivery system with bright future.

Medical psychology master's degree graduate student course mainly includes basic cour-ses, professional courses and psychological skills training, professional practice skills learning and scientific research quality training. Due to the constraints of discipline development starting late, teachers being rela-tively weak and other objective factors, in curriculum setting, there exist problems of unclear objectives, confusing the primary with secondary, unclear standard, lacking principles, and in particular, there are obvious deficiencies in the training and cultivation of students' ! professional skills . Based on the above objective problems, we made preliminary discussion on the training objectives, the main problems, curricu-lum setting, assessment standards and principles to follow, in order to achieve the purpose of cultivating high-level application-oriented talents through curriculum design and teaching practice.

As an emerging discipline, medical psychology undergraduate education is restricted by many conditions, such as subject orientation, training objectives, curriculum setting, teaching con-tent, teaching material system, teaching mode, professional practice, assessment and graduation and so on. To improve the training quality and level, the paper explores the corresponding education strat-egy from the aspects of subject orientation, training objectives, curriculum and teaching contents. For example in the subject orientation and training objectives the principle of paying equal attention to medical and psychological disciplines is reflected, and at the same time the construction of the curricu-lum, teaching contents and curriculum system is strengthened to highlight the psychology and medical integration and mutual penetration. In the link of teaching, professional practice, graduation appraisal and award process, practical skills training and assessment are focused on, and the relevant national qualification examination is taken as award criteria.

Public hospitals are the backbone of China's healthcare,shouldering critical tasks of ensuring health of the Chinese people at large.Their reform,therefore,should enhance and coordinate the balance between public welfare and efficiency of public hospitals as much as possible.Such a “separated ownership/operation” reform in the management system reform of public hospitals can raise their operational and management efficiency,so as to maximize their performance of public benefits.Based on the basic theory of separated ownership and operation,authors of the paper proposed policy recommendations for such a reform upon the analysis of the four optional patterns separated ownership and operation of public hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite has been widely used as reconstructive and prosthetic material for osseous tissue, owing to its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. But, its brittleness is one of the most serious obstacles for its wider applications as load-bearing implants. Therefore, hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites have been widely studied as bone substitute, due to their excellent biocompatibUity and suitable mechanical properties.OBJECTIVE: To review various preparation methods of hydroxya patite/chitosan composites and the development trend in this field.METHODS: Articles were searched in Medline Database (1995-01/2009-03), VIP Database (1995-01/2009-03) and "qinghuatongfang" Database (1995-01/2009-03) with the keywords of "nano-hydroxyapatite, chitosan, preparation, development trend".RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Total 2 034 related articles were collected, including 1 634 in Chinese and 670 in English. Following excluding earilier published, duplicate, and similar studies, we brought into 37 sub-standard literatures. Hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite in nanometer size, with similar structure as natural bone, has better biological function compared with corresponding micrometer composite. Simultaneously, optimized material composition, structure and technology will obtain more suitable bone substitute in mechanical property compared with natural bone. This paper reviews preparation methods at home and abroad in recent years, with the rapid development of biological materials, hydroxyapatite compositematerials have been wisely used in bone tissue repair and replacement surgery, but its poor mechanical properties limits its clinical application.

Objective The aim of this study is to establish a practical VX2 tumour model less than or equal to 10 mm from large blood vessel(as standard) for HIFU ablation .Methods 15 New Zealand rabbits were involved ,VX2 tumour blocks were inoculated near postcava through spine path ,and tumour rate was observed two weeks later by anatomy and MRI .Results Three experimental rabbits did not survive ,all the rest of the 12 into the tumour ,assembly tumour rate was 100% (12/12);The tumour rate reaching the standard accounted for 75% (9/12) ,the average distance between the tumour and the inferior vena cava was (5 .6 ± 3 .4)mm . Conclusion It is feasible to establish the VX2 tumor model less than or equal to 10 mm from large blood vessel through spine path .