Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and radiographic outcomes of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP)/percutaneous vertebroplasty (PKP) in the treatment of stage Ⅲ Kümmell's disease without nerve injury.Methods From September 2012 to September 2016,there were 28 patients with stage Ⅲ Kümmell's disease recruited to study,of which 16 patients were treated with PKP and the other 12 cases with PVP.with a mean age of 78,ranging from 67 to 95,consisted of 3 males and 29 females.All patients had single vertebral body lesions without symptom of spinal cord injury.Visual analogue scores (VAS) and oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) were recorded before surgery,on the 7 d after surgery and at the last follow-up.Meanwhile,Cobb angles,anterior and posterior heights of the injured vertebral body were measured by X-ray lateral radiography at these three time points.Furthermore,the condition of bone cement in the injured vertebral body was observed with the postoperative CT examination.Results All patients completed the operation safely.Twenty-eight patients were followed up for an average of 18 months (ranging from 12 to 36 months),and 4 patients who failed to be followed up were not included in the statistic analysis.There was no vessel or nerve injury in the operation.Thirteen out of 28 individuals who suffered from bone cement leakage showed no clinical symptom,and recovered walking ability between 12 and 24h after operation.Other types of vertebral body fractures due to compression occurred in 3 cases between 6 and 12 months after surgery,and the symptoms were relieved after another PKP.The rates of improvement at the last follow-up in VAS and ODI were 71.4％ (20/28) and 67.9％ (19/28),respectively.There was statistical difference in VAS between before surgery and 7d after surgery (t=16.68,P＜0.01).However,no statistical difference was found in the comparison of VAS between the last follow-up and 7d after surgery (t=0.598,P ＞ 0.05).The difference of ODI between before surgery and 7d after surgery (t=36.830,P＜0.01) and that of ODI between the last follow-up and 7d after surgery (t=7.375,P＜0.01) showed statistical significance.There were statistical differences in both Cobb angle and anterior heights of the diseased vertebral body between before surgery and 7d after surgery (t=2.52,2.29,both P＜0.05).Besides,significant differences were also observed in them between the last follow-up and 7d after surgery (t=2.58,2.24,both P＜0.05).However,there was no statistical difference of the posterior height of the diseased vertebral body before surgery,7d after surgery and at the last follow-up (t=0.935,0.795,P＞0.05).Conclusions PKP/PVP may relieve the clinical symptoms safely and effectively of stage Ⅲ Kümmell's disease without nerve injury,and may correct heights of kyphosis and vertebral.Nevertheless,it may lead to loss of correction and high rate of bone cement leakage.Further observation is needed for the long-term effectiveness.

Objective To investigate the effects of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) teaching in clinical education of the five-year undergraduates.Methods 50 undergraduate clinical interns were divided randomly into the experimental group and control group.The experimental group was applied with traditional method combined with VATS,and the interns studied the radical operation of lung cancer under thoracoscopy,while the control group was applied with traditional method.After the course,all students accepted theory and clinical examination,and a questionnaire survey was conducted.SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis,and t-test was adopted for theoretical and clinical examination results.Questionnaire survey was conducted by chi-square test.Results ①Theory test:compared with control group,the scores of case analysis [(38.92 ± 2.50) vs.(34.56 ± 3.10)] and total scores [(79.92 ± 4.04) vs.(74.64 ± 4.82)] were improved (P＜0.05).②Clinical test:compared with control group,the scores of experimental group [(82.86 ± 4.46) vs.(76.04± 4.78)] were improved (P＜0.05).③Questionnairesurvey:there was statistical difference between the two groups in promoting the interest in learning,improving the comprehension of knowledge and approving of the teaching method used (P＜0.05).Conclusion VATS teaching method has positive effect on clinical education of the five-year undergraduates,and it should be worthy of extending.