AIM: To explore the expression changes of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and its receptors (BMPR-Ⅱ, ALK-2, ALK-3, ALK-6) in the renal tubulo-interstitial lesions induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). METHODS: Rats were divided into normal control, sham operation and UUO groups, and sacrificed at postoperative day 1, 3, 7 and 14. The mRNA levels of BMP-7, BMPR-Ⅱ, ALK-2, ALK-3 and ALK-6 were examined by RT-PCR. The protein expression site and level of BMP-7 was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: Compared to sham operation group, the mRNA levels of BMP-7, BMPR-Ⅱ, ALK-2 and ALK-3 were significantly decreased, but the change of ALK-6 mRNA was not marked in UUO rats. The reduction of mRNA expression levels of BMP-7, BMPR-Ⅱ, ALK-2 and ALK-3 in the kidney tissue aggravated along with the delayed post-operated days. The results of immunohistochemistry staining indicated that BMP-7 mainly expressed in renal tubular and interstitial, rarely in glomeruli. In UUO rats, the protein expression of BMP-7 decreased in varying degrees according to the post-operated days. CONCLUSION: The loss of BMP-7 and its receptors (BMPR-Ⅱ, ALK-2, ALK-3) were observed in the early phase of fibrotic process and this may play a very important role in mediating the renal tubulointerstital fibrosis.

Objective To explore the diagnosis,treatment,risk factors and prognosis factors of postpancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage (PPH).Methods The retrospective case-control study was adopted.The clinical data of 703 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy at Hospital 401 of the People's Liberation Army from January 2008 to July 2013 were collected.Standard pancreatoduodenectomy was carried out for the malignant tumors of the head of pancreas or ampulla,pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was operated for the benign tumor or the duodenal papilla tumor.The corresponding treatment was adopted for PPH.The observation indicators included:(1) the surgical situation (surgical method,operation time and the volume of intraoperative blood loss),(2) diagnosis of PPH,(3) treatment of PPH,(4) univariate and multivariate analyses for the risk factors affecting the occurrence of PPH,(5) univariate and multivariate analyses for the risk factors affecting prognosis of PPH patients.The measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x ± s.The measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range).The chi-square test or Fisher exact probability was used for univariate analysis.Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis.Results (1) The surgical situation:among 703 patients,409 patients underwent standard pancreatoduodenectomy and 294 underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy,including 1 combined with right hemihepatectomy,27 with portal vein reconstruction and 2 with hepatic artery reconstruction.Pancreaticojejunostomy was applied to 658 patients using mucosa anastomosis of the pancreatic duct to jejunum and 45 patients using invagination anastomosis.Supporting tube was routinely deposed in the pancreatic duct,598 patients had internal drainage and 105 patients had external drainage.The end-to-side anastomosis between common bile duct and jejunum was used for choledochojejunostomy.The 409 patients received the gastrojejunostomy using side-to-side anastomosis of gastric part and jejunum and 294 patients using end-to-side anastomosis of duodenum and jejunum.Operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were (324 ± 54) minutes and (428 ± 118) mL.(2) The diagnosis of PPH:among 703 patients after pancreatoduodenectomy,62 patients had PPH,the hemorrhage reasons of 38 patients had been identified,and the hemorrhage reasons of 24 patients had not been identified (A level in 5 patients,B level in 17 patients,C level in 2 patients).① The site of hemorrhage:the hemorrhage outside the cavity were detect in 27 patients,the hemorrhage inside the cavity in 28 patients,and the hemorrhage from both outside and inside part of the cavity in 7 patients.② The time of hemorrhage:early-stage hemorrhage were detected in 5 patients and the delayed hemorrhage in 57 patients.③The volume of postoperative blood loss was (885 ± 253)mL,30 patients had mild hemorrhage and 32 patients had severe hemorrhage.④ The clinical classification of PPH:5,32 and 25 patients were detected in level A,B,C,and 19 patients combined with sentinel hemorrhage.(3) The treatment of PPH:①5 patients with PPH in A level were given clinical observation,blood volume supplement and other treatment,then the symptoms gradually turned better.② Among 32 patients with PPH in B level,15 patients became better after symptomatic and supportive treatments,6 patients received successful hemostasis after guglielmi detachable colis embolization,4 patients received successful hemostasis under gastroscopic hemostasis,7 patients received emergency exploratory laparotomy.Thirty-two patients were improved and then out of hospital after treatment,without occurrence of death.③ Among 25 patients with PPH in C level,4 patients received successful hemostasis after guglielmi detachable colis embolization,17 patients received hemostasis by emergency exploratory laparotomy,4 patients with undiscovered bleeding points received the treatment of fluid infusion,blood volume supplement and antacid.Among 25 patients after corresponding treatment,10 patients were improved and 15 patients were dead.(4) The result of univariate analysis showed that the combined hypertension,vascular resection and reconstruction,postoperative pancreatic leakage and postoperative intraabdominal infection were risk factors affecting the occurrence of PPH (x2 =4.950,5.300,7.568,5.505,P ＜ 0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that the combined pancreatic leakage and postoperative intraabdominal infection were independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of PPH [OR =2.761,2.216,95％ confidence interval (CI):1.389-5.489,1.198-4.101,P ＜ 0.05].(5) The risk factors affecting the prognosis of PPH patients:the results of univariate analysis showed that postoperative sentinel hemorrhage,postoperative pancreatic leakage,site,degree and level of hemorrhage were risk factors affecting the prognosis of PPH patients (x2 =8.022,4.448,11.853,18.551,28.285,P ＜ 0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that postoperative sentinel hemorrhage and site of hemorrhage (outside and inside part of the cavity) were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of PPH patients (OR =5.550,0.233,95％ CI:1.595-19.314,0.086-0.635,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Pancreatic leakage and intraabdominal infection are independent risk factors after pancreatoduodenectomy.The treatment effect of the early-stage hemorrhage is better than that of the delayed hemorrhage,and angiographic embolization is the first choice of diagnosis and treatment for the delayed hemorrhage.Sentinel hemorrhage could result from aneurysm or continuous arterial hemorrhage of vascular erosion,it is the independent risk factor affecting the death of hemorrhage after pancreatoduodenectomy.

Objective To explore the role of bone morphorgenetic protein-7(BMP-7) in the renal tubulointerstitial lesions induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).Methods After dividing into normal control, sham operation and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) groups, sixty rats were sacrificed at postoperative day 1, 3, 7, 14. The levels of BMP-7 and TGF-?1 mRNA were examined by RT-PCR. The sites and levels of protein expression of BMP-7, TGF-?1 and ?-SMA were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Results Compared to control groups, BMP-7 mRNA was significantly decreased, but TGF-?1 mRNA was significantly increased in UUO rats. Immunohistochemistry staining studies indicated that BMP-7 mainly expressed in renal tubule and interstitium, rarely in glomeruli. In UUO rats, the protein expression of BMP-7 decreased, but the expression of TGF-?1 and ?-SMA increased in varying degrees according to the obstructed days. The renal tubulointerstitial expression of BMP-7 was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of TGF-?1 and ?-SMA. Conclusion The loss of BMP-7 is explored in the early phase of fibrotic process and may play a very important role in mediating the tubulointerstital lesions.

Objective To optimize the processing technology of sliced Myristicae Semen. Methods Roasting temperature, roasting time and the amount of bran were set as factors, and the content of total lignans, volatile oil, fatty oil were set as evaluation indicators. The processing technology of sliced Myristicae Semen was optimized by L9(34) orthogonal test. Results The optimal processing technology was as following: 40 g bran plus 100 g sliced Myristicae Semen, roasting for 20 minutes at 110-120 ℃. Conclusion The process is reasonable and reliable, which can provide references for new processing technology of Myristicae Semen.

Elsholtiza Bodinieri Vaniot has the food and medicinal value. The whole plant contains aromatic oils, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phenolic constituents, β-carotene, vitamin C and inorganic elements, and is characterized by antibacterial, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and other kinds of activity. However, few researches are on the extraction method and activity of the effective ingredient of Elsholtiza Bodinieri Vaniot. This article reviewed the chemical constituents of Elsholtiza Bodinieri Vaniot, with a purpose to provide references for further study and development.

Objective: To explore the effect of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) preconditioning on milieu of infarcted myocardium in experimental rats.
Methods: The myocardial infarction (MI) model was established by left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation in female rats. 3 weeks later, the qualified MI rats were randomly divided for 3 groups: ① LLLI preconditioning group, the rats received thoracotomy for LLLI by a 635nm, 5mW diode laser with the energy density of 0.96 J/cm2 for 150 seconds, n=26. ② Control group, the rats received thoracotomy for daylight irradiation, n=27. ③ Sham operation group, the rats received thoracotomy without LAD ligation, n=24. The Expressions of myocardial vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluate by real time-PCR, Western blot analysis and other relevant laboratory test at 1 hour, 1 day and 1 week after treatment. The myocardial cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining, and left ventricular function was detected by echocardiography.
Results: LLLI preconditioning obviously increased the myocardial VEGF, GRP78 expression and SOD activity, decreased MDA production; while it could not really improve the myocardial cell apoptosis at peri-infarcted area and left ventricular function in experimental rats.
Conclusion: LLLI preconditioning may improve the milieu of infarcted myocardium via decreasing the oxidative stress in experimental rats.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum 1 ,25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 concentration level and children with bronchial asthma .Methods 222 children with bronchial asthma treated in paediatrics of Zhongshan Boai hospital from 2012 Jan 2014 Dec were chosen as asthma group(A) ,while 223 cases of healthy children were selected as control group(C) .Electro‐chemical luminescence method was used to detect the serum level ,and its effect on asthma was disscussed .Results The concen‐tration of serum 1 ,25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 of asthma group (86 .30 ± 27 .70 nmol/L) was low than the control group ( 93 .39 ± 27 . 15nmol/)L .Serum levels of asthma group in different age groups (A1 ,A2 and A3) were 106 .87 ± 28 .28 nmol/L ,88 .98 ± 20 .65 nmol/L ,68 .38 ± 19 .23 nmol/L respectively ,While those of control groups were (110 .00 ± 22 .30) nmol/L ,(87 .36 ± 24 .42) nmol/L ,(21 .23 ± 16 .42) nmol/L respectively .Male and female serum level in asthma group were (88 .26 ± 27 .73)nmol/L and (81 .94 ± 26 .91)nmol/L respectively .While those of control group were(91 .91 ± 26 .57)nmol/L and (85 .69 ± 28 .04) nmol/L re‐spectively .Conclusion There is significant correlation between serum 1 ,25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 level and children with bronchial asthma .,yet no correlation between serum level and gender .1 ,25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 duficiency is one of the risk factors of chil‐dren asthma .

Objective To compare the different influences on the cornea endothelial cell of surgery methods between human cataract extraction and phacoemulsification.Methods 25 cataract patients(36 eyes) aged 55 to 84 undergoing extra capsula extraction and phacoemulsification combined with implanation ocular lens were analyzed in rate of endothelial cell and density within 2 weeks preoperatively and postoperatively.Results The rates reduced in varying degrees.Conclusions Understanding cornea endothelial cell before operation is clinically significant for evaluating cornea edema after surgery and taking essential measures.

Objective To develope a high performance liquid chromatograph ( HPLC ) method for simultaneous determination of nutmeg lignan and dehydrodiisoeugenol before and after processing of nutmeg. Methods The column was Diamonsil C18(250 mmí 4. 6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was methanol-water in a gradient elution mode. The UV detection wave length was 274 nm. The column temperature was 25℃ . The flow rate was 1. 0 mL·min-1 . Results Nutmeg lignan and dehydrodiisoeugenol had a good linear correlation in ranges of 10. 24-61. 44 μg·mL-1(r=0. 999 6) and 3. 0-18. 0 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 8), respectively. The average recovery rates were 97. 94% (RSD=2. 17%) and 97. 11% (RSD=2. 17%). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, reproducible, and can be used for the simultaneous determination of nutmeg lignan and dehydrodiisoeugenol before and after the processing of nutmeg.

Objective To assess these in a consecutive series of patients with ICC treated surgically. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 189 ICC patients undergoing surgery.Surgical results and survival were evaluated and compared among different subgroups of patients.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors.Results R0,R1,R2 resection and exploratory laparotomy were obtained in 63,84,31 and 11 patients,respectively.The overall 5 -year survival rates for the entire cohort were 16.8%,with corresponding rates of 26.3% for patients with R0 resection;14.3% for patients with R1 resection;6.8% for patients with R2 resection;and 0.0% for patients with an exploratory laparotomy.Independent factors for poor survival included positive resection margin,multiple tumors,beta - catenin nuclear expression and lymph node metastasis. Conclusion R0 resection offers the best possibility of long -term survival,but the chance of a R0 resection is low when surgery is performed for potential resectable ICC.Patients with characteristics of beta -catenin nuclear expres-sion,multiple tumors and lymph node metastasis are indicated to surgery which is needed to be further studied.