Objective To reduce information loss in the refining processing of photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulse waveform. Method A novel PPG pulse waveform refining processing technique, named truncation/extrapolation technique was proposed. The key point of the proposed technique was to preserve the shape pattern of the most significant parts of the waveform at the expense of the distortion of the insignificant part. Thus, as compared with the conventional time-normalization method, the proposed technique ensured the accumulation coherent of the signal energy could be. Result Waveform analysis and comparison of experimental data between two methods verified the effectiveness of the proposed method in maintaining the most significant time domain features of the pulse waveform over a relatively wide range of the heart rate change, especially the shape and width of the dominant peak and the position of the dicrotic notch of the first derivative of PPG(dPPG). Conclusion The proposed method reduces the information loss in PPG pulse waveform refining processing, thus helps further processing of the PPG signal using some advanced signal processing techniques, such as waveform modeling and pattern recognition.

Objective To study the effects of phase change material (cooling agent) on the quality of blood after long-distant transportation.Methods A total of 12 bags, packed with pre-chilled phase change materials, were put into regular blood transportation kit, and the new blood transportation kit, which was developed by our hospital. In each kit there were 54 U of red blood cell suspensions. The temperatures in the kit were recorded during the transportation at different times.Results The temperature in the kit was kept between 1—7℃ during the 72h transportation. The temperature met the needs of red blood cell transportation.Conclusion Phase change material could be used as an effective cooling agent for long distance blood transportation.

Cryoprecipitation is one of the most important blood components.With the deeper study about cryoprecipitation,it has been used in clinics more and more extensively.This articles reviewed the new development of cryoprecipitation in clinical uses.

Objective To explore the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on platelet. Methods Three assays were been developed.These include platelet count,release of alpha granule membrane protein 140(GMP-140)and morphology of platelet by electron micrograph in those samples before and after ultraviolet irradiation.Results Compared with the nonirradiated controls,the irradiated units showed significant changes including decrease of platelet count,increase of release of GMP-140 and platelet lesion in morphology.Conclusion Ultraviolet irradiation may have activation and lesion effect in platelet.

Objective To test the performance of field blood transportation vehicle from the aspects of heat preservation,refrigeration and oil consumption.Methods Two vehicles without power supply were stowed with maximum load,one with red cell suspension,and the other with frozen plasma.With the environmental temperature higher than 35 ℃ or lower than 25 ℃,related time lengths were detected respectively.Results The holding time of the vehicles was from 1.5 h to 7 h,refrigerating time was from 15 min to 138 min,and a full tank of gasoline was exhausted around 5～7 hours.Conclusion During line-haul,field blood transportation vehicle has to be equipped with additional cooling agents,in case the refrigeration equipment out of work for the reason of gasoline exhaustion.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum 1 ,25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 concentration level and children with bronchial asthma .Methods 222 children with bronchial asthma treated in paediatrics of Zhongshan Boai hospital from 2012 Jan 2014 Dec were chosen as asthma group(A) ,while 223 cases of healthy children were selected as control group(C) .Electro‐chemical luminescence method was used to detect the serum level ,and its effect on asthma was disscussed .Results The concen‐tration of serum 1 ,25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 of asthma group (86 .30 ± 27 .70 nmol/L) was low than the control group ( 93 .39 ± 27 . 15nmol/)L .Serum levels of asthma group in different age groups (A1 ,A2 and A3) were 106 .87 ± 28 .28 nmol/L ,88 .98 ± 20 .65 nmol/L ,68 .38 ± 19 .23 nmol/L respectively ,While those of control groups were (110 .00 ± 22 .30) nmol/L ,(87 .36 ± 24 .42) nmol/L ,(21 .23 ± 16 .42) nmol/L respectively .Male and female serum level in asthma group were (88 .26 ± 27 .73)nmol/L and (81 .94 ± 26 .91)nmol/L respectively .While those of control group were(91 .91 ± 26 .57)nmol/L and (85 .69 ± 28 .04) nmol/L re‐spectively .Conclusion There is significant correlation between serum 1 ,25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 level and children with bronchial asthma .,yet no correlation between serum level and gender .1 ,25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 duficiency is one of the risk factors of chil‐dren asthma .

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between 10 cGy whole brain radiation and cognitive dystunction.MethodsThirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats at age one month were randomized into irradiation and sham exposed groups.Behavioral and histopathological tests were performed 3 months after irradiation in the order of open field,Morris water maze,passive avoidance,and histopathological test.Comparison between the two groups was conducted using independent samples t-test.ResultsIn the place navigation test of Morris water maze,irradiation group showed significantly longer latency than sham exposed group on day 3 and 4 ( t =2.91 and 2.65,all P ＜ 0.05 ).In the total latency of the place navigation,irradiation group also presented longer latency comparing with sham exposed group ( t =2.63,P ＜ 0.05 ).In the spatial probe test of Morris water maze,the open field test and the passive avoidance test showed no significant difference between the two groups ( t =0.92,0.59,0.83,all P ＞ 0.05 ).The histopathological examination had no significant difference either.ConclusionWhole brain radiation of 10 cGy could partly injury the cognitive function of the rat.

This study examined the association of pregnancy with urolithiasis and provided new insights into urolithiasis in pregnancy. A total of 462 subjects were studied from January 2004 to December 2009 in Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China. Among the 462 subjects, 162 cases of urolithiasis during pregnancy (UPG) were selected as the observation group, 150 cases of no urolithiasis during pregnancy (NUPG) served as pregnancy control group, and 150 cases of no pregnancy (NPG) at reproductive age who took part in physical examination were randomly assigned into non-pregnant control group. At the same time, the patients in observation group were divided into the following sub-groups: no symptomatic urinary calculus (NSUC) and symptomatic urinary calculus (SUC) groups; SUC group was further divided into surgical intervention (SI) and conservative management (CM) groups. The general information and the data of blood and urine were collected and compared among the groups. The results showed that the incidence of urinary calculi in pregnant women was lower than that in non-pregnant women, the formation of urinary stone was associated with the change of metabolism of protein and sugar in pregnant women, and the surgical intervention was a practicable alternative to treat the clinical intractable symptomatic urinary calculi in pregnancy.

In order to investigate the role of the PTEN expression in carcinogenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma and clarify whether and how PTEN and PI3K/Akt pathway relate to endometrial carcinoma, the expression of PTEN and phospho-Akt was detected by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods and Western-blot from 24 cases of endometrial carcinoma, 10 cases of endometrial atypical hyperplasia, 10 cases of endometrial hyperplasia, and 10 cases of normal endometrium. SP immunohistochemical methods were used to measure levels of PTEN protein expression in following 5 study groups: 31 cases of endometrium in proliferative phase, 30 cases of endometrium in secretory phase, 71 cases of endometrial hyperplasia, 25 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 73 cases of endometrial carcinoma. Immunostaining score of PTEN was 3.39+/-0.15 in proliferative phase, 1.90+/-0.21 in secretory phase, 3.34+/-0.29 in endometrial hyperplasia, 0.62+/-0.11 in atypical hyperplasia, and 0.74+/-0.19 in endometrial carcinoma, respectively. PTEN mRNA relative value in normal endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial atypical hyperplasia, and endometrial carcinoma was 2.45+/-0.51, 2.32+/-0.32, 0.46+/-0.11, and 0.35+/-0.13 respectively. The expression levels of PTEN mRNA and protein in patients with endometrial carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia were significantly lower than in those of proliferative phase and with endometrial hyperplasia. The level of PTEN expression in patients with endometrial carcinoma was significantly related to tissue type (P<0.005), differentiation (P<0.05) and clinical stage (P<0.05), but not to depth of myometrium invasion (P>0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that Phospho-Akt level in PTEN negative cases was significantly higher, and there was a negative correlation between PTEN and phospho-Akt (r=-0.8973, P<0.0001). It was suggested that loss of PTEN expression was an early event in endometrial tumorigenesis. The phosphorylation of Akt induced by the loss of PTEN took part in the tumorigenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma.

Background It has not been reported that if the visual cortex M receptor changed during the development of myopia and how it changed if given acupuncture treatment.Objective The aim of this study was to observe the effect of electroacupuncture stimulation on the expression of acetylcholine receptors M1 (AchRM1) in visual cortex of guinea with lens-induced myopia (LIM).Methods Forty-eight three-week-old healthy guinea pigs were randomized into the normal control group,the LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group.The right eyes of the guinea pigs were selected as the experimental eyes.LIM was created by monocularly wearing of-10 D lens for 4 weeks in the right eyes in the LIM model group and LIM electroacupuncture group,and then the acupuncture at the temple and hegu point was performed for 30 minutes per day for consequent 4 weeks,in the LIM electroacupuncture group.The fellow eyes of the guinea pigs were used as the self-control eyes.The refractive power and axial length were examined with retinoscopy and A-type sonography before and 4 weeks after modeling,respectively.The animals were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia at the fourth week after acupuncture and visual vertex tissue was obtained.The expression of M1 receptor mRNA in visual vertex was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the content of M1 receptor protein in visual vertex was assyed by ELISA.The study protocal was approved by Animal Ethic Committee of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and the use and care complied with Statement of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results At the fourth week after modeling,the mean diopters were (-3.24±0.28) D and (-3.30±0.45) D in the LIM model group and the LIM eleetroacupuncture group,which were significantly higher than (0.83 ±0.86)D in the normal control group (both at P=0.000),and there was no significant difference in the diopter between the LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group (t =0.200,P =0.659).The mean axial lengths were (8.67 ±0.14) mm and (8.60±0.06) mm in the LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group,which were considerably increased in comparison with (8.33±0.08)mm in the normal control group (both at P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of AchRM1 mRNA in visual cortex were 0.79±0.18,1.36±0.23 and 1.13±0.13 in the normal control group,LIM model group and LIM electroacupuncture group,and the relative expression level of AchRM1 mRNA in the LIM electroacupuncture group was significantly higher than that of the normal control group and lower than that of the LIM model group (both at P＜0.05).In addition,the contents of AchRM1 receptor protein in the visual cortex were 248.00±33.31,455.17±42.40 and 396.17±47.57 in the normal control group,LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group,with a similar pattern among the groups (both at P＜0.05).Conclusions A electroacupuncture stimmulation do not affect the myopic diopter and axial length in LIM model.The AchRM1 and AchRM1 receptor in the visual cortex up-regulate in LIM eyes,infering that electroacupuncture stimmulation can improve vision by decreasing the level of AchRM1 receptor in visual cortex in LIM eyes in guinea pigs.