Objective To investigate the effect of EST on function of sphincter of Oddi and on the long-term complications.Methods A total of 68 patients with common bile duct stones were recruited from January 2009 to January 2013 in The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou.All patients were under follow-up to observe the incidence of late complications after EST.Oddi sphincter manometry and bile bacterial culture were performed before EST and one year later.Results With the 13-36 months follow-up,the incidence of late complications was 16.9％ (11/65).The peak pressure and frequency of contraction of Oddi sphincter after EST were significantly lower than those before EST,but there were no significant differences between patients with complication and without (P ＞ 0.05).After EST,positive rate of biliary bacteria in patients with complications was much higher than that in patients without complications [70％ (7/10)vs.31.7％ (13/41),P =0.026],although there were no significant differences between them before EST [54.5％(6/11) vs.46.3％ (25/54),P =0.618).Logistic regression analysis showed that cholecystolithiasis,bile duct diameter (＞ 1.5 cm),number of stone (＞ 3),maximun diameter of stone (＞ 20 mm),large EST were independent risk factors for late complications of EST.Conclusion Importance should be attached to the late complications of EST with Oddi sphincter function declination,and biliary enteric reflux being the basic factor in late compilations after EST,which are also influenced by many risk factors.

BACKGROUND:With the development of spinal cord injury study, different methods of establishing spinal cord injury models have emerged, including spinal cord contusion, fal ing weight, spinal compression, chemical burn, radiation, hormone, spinal transection and hemi-section. However, lots of them are not perfect enough.
OBJECTIVE:To design the injury device of spinal cord injury and establish different degrees of spinal cord injury models.
METHODS:To design the device of producing spinal cord injury and establish different degrees of spinal cord dorsal compression injury in Sprague-Dawley rats by various weights (m1=10 g, m2=20 g, m3=30 g) and time points (T1=3 s, T2=5 s). Rats were randomly divided as m1T1, m2T1, m3T1, m1T2, m2T2 and m3T2 groups. While sham group was also made.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score in injury groups decreased significantly after operation, when compared with the sham group (P<0.01). The m 1T1 group showed no significant difference in BBB score from other groups (P<0.01). The BBB score of m1T2 group was significant higher than m2T2 group and m3T2 group at 8 weeks after operation (P<0.05). The somatosensory evoked potential and motion evoked potential of injury groups were longer than sham group at 8 weeks after operation (P<0.01). The motion evoked potential of each injury groups were significantly longer after operation (P<0.05). The somatosensory evoked potential was significantly longer in injury groups, except m1T1 and m1T2 groups (P<0.05). The self-designed device can be applied to establish different degrees of spinal cord injury models.

BACKGROUND:Total knee replacement is regarded an effective treatment of knee osteoarthritis, based on the transformation of biology-psychology-social medicine pattern, the concept of“quality of life”has attracted increasing concerns.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of total knee replacement surgery on the pain, function and quality of life among elder patients with severe knee osteoarthritis.
METHODA total of 102 elder patients with severe knee osteoarthritis were recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University between January 2010 and January 2013. The clinical manifestations and 12-month fol ow-up outcomes were observed and recorded. The involved patients were randomly divided into two grouptreatment group (59 cases, receiving total knee replacement) and control group (43 cases, receiving expectant treatment such as drugs, but no surgery). Patients were evaluated using HSS scale and WHOQOL-100 scale before surgery and 12 months after surgery. Furthermore, the correlation between influencing factors and HSS and WHOQOL-100 scores was analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 12 months postoperatively, the HSS scores of patients in treatment group was (82.03±10.17) points, which was obviously higher than that in control group (P<0.01). The WHOQOL-100 scores in treatment group were also significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01). The psychology sub-item scores of patients after total knee replacement were close to that of normal controls (P>0.50). The regression analysis shows that marital status (β=1.988), complication (β=2.035) and HSS scores (β=2.108) are the main influencing factors for the quality of life among patients undergoing replacement. Experimental findings indicate that, HSS score is an effective indicator to assess the effect of total knee replacement on the pain and function of elder patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. WHOQOL-100 is introduced to further improve the assessment of quality of life after total knee replacement surgery in severe knee osteoarthritis. The marital status, complication and HSS scores are the key influencing factors for the quality of life among severe knee osteoarthritis patients. Deep vein thrombosis affects the out-of-bed time, and the mate-accompanying during the fol ow-ups plays a positive role on the quality of life and mental state of patients.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under certain conditions can differentiate into nerve cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation can rebuild nervous system function and improve functional disorders in patients. Glycosides of cistanche also have a protective effect against nerve cellinjury. Their combination has been less reported. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effectiveness of Cistanche deserticola and bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation on spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS:Fifty adult Wistar rats with spinal cord injury were randomly divided into four group:a Cistanche deserticola group (intragastric administration of 20 mL/kg Cistanche deserticola concentrated solution per day), a celltransplantation group (10μL of 1×108/L bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsuspension), a combination group (10μL of 1×108/L bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsuspension+intragastric administration of 20 mL/kg Cistanche deserticola concentrated solution per day) and a control group (intragastric administration of 20 mL/kg normal saline per day). The intragastric administration lasted for 30 days in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 30 days of treatment, the expression of Nestin was significantly higher in the combination group than the other groups. After 12 weeks, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores was significantly higher in the combination group than the other groups (P<0.05);somatosensory and motor evoked potential latencies were also improve significantly in the combination group compared with the other groups (P<0.05). These findings indicate that oral administration of Cistanche deserticola combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can significantly improve the motor and neurophysiological function of spinal cord injury rats. Cistanche deserticola can improve the survival of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats with spinal cord injury.

Objective To observe the effects of low dose irradiation (LDR) on proliferation,adipogenesis and osteogenic potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs).Methods hucMSCs were isolated from Wharton's jelly tissue of human umbilical cord by modified tissuepiece inoculation,and flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of specific marker in the hucMSCs.The hucMSCs were randomly divided into two groups:irradiation group undergoing irradiation with the doses 50,100,or 200 mGy respectively,and control group without irradiation.MTT method was applied to evaluate the proliferation of the hucMSCs at different time points with various doses irradiation.The third passage hucMSCs were randomly divided into two groups:irradiation group undergoing low dose irradiation of 200 mGy,and control group without irradiation,and then underwent induction by adipocytic and oesteocytic differentiation induction fluids respectively so as to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts.Oil red O staining was used to detect the activity of alkaline phophatase (ALP),and RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of core binding factor alpha 1 in human osteoblast.Results After 9-12days,fibroblasts began to swim out of the tissue piece with a confluence rate of 80% 2 weeks later.Within 7 days the absorption values of the hucMSCs undergoing different irradiation doses 2,3,4,5,and 6 days later were all significantly higher than those of the control group(F = 159.17,448.81,265.15,183.93,and 181.83 ,all P <0.01),with the proliferation rates of the 100 mGy subgroup being the highest.After being induced liquid,vacuoles were observed in the irradiated group 2 days later.21 days later,the adipogenic rates of irradiated group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t = 28.25,P <0.01).The ALP activity increased in the irradiated group compared with control group (t=16.87,P <0.01) .The expression level of Cbf-α1 mRNA was up-regulated obviously (t = 14.16,P＜0.01).Conclusions LDR promotes the proliferation of hucMSCs,and accelerates the hucMSCs' differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts.

Objective To clone the full-length of human Gill cDNA and construct the recombinant lentiviral expressing vector pLOX-Gfil for eukaryotic expression,providing a basis for further study on the biological functions of Gfil.Methods Total RNA was isolated from K562 cells,and the full-length Gfil cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and then ligated with pGEM-T vector after retrieve and purification.The ligation product was transformed into competent cells DH5a.The positive recombinant clones were selected and identified by a complementation,restriction endonuclease digestion.The cloning vector and the lentiviral vector pLOX first digested with BarnH I were ligated and transformed.The enzyme and PCR analyses were performed to confirm the recombinant vector,and then DNA sequence analysis.Results A fragment of 1.2 kb was obtained by RT-PCR.The enzyme and PCR analyses revealed that the correct Gfil cDNA was cloned.The sequence of cloned cDNA was identical to the sequence deposited in GenBank (NM005263).Conclusion Gfil was cloned correctly and the recombinant lentiviral vector pLOX-Gfil for eukaryotic expression was constructed successfully.

Proteomic analysis of core needle biopsy (CNB) sample from patient populations is critical to our understanding of human disease,but has been hindered by its particular small size.Here,we present a method for the proteomic analysis of CNB sample based on the two dimensional electrophoresis.Proteins were extracted directly from 3 rat liver CNB specimens and a human prostate CNB sample.respectively.24 cm Immobiline DryStrip (pH 3-10NL) and 12.5% SDS-PAGE were introduced to separate the proteins.Interesting spots were analyzed by MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry after tryptic digestion.With this method,consistent electrophoretic patterns of more than 2 500 protein spots were reproducibly obtained after silver staining,from rat liver CNB specimens.Qualitatively and quantitatively reproducible results also yield when the method was applied to a human prostate CNB sample.57 stochastically selected protein spots were analyzed by MALDI TOF/TOF moss spectrometry.and were identified with high confidence including faint ones.This simple and reproducible approach raises the opportunity of defining key molecular events of human disease pathologies.

Objective To explore for the methede and effect of endoscopic treatment on biliary leakage and biliary duct damage. Methods All patients with biliary damage such as biliary leakage and biliary duct stricture were treated by endoscopic sphincoterotomy and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) during abdominal cavity drainage ENBD was removd when biliary leakage healed and abdominal cavity drainage ceased for 1～2 weeks were confirmed. Plastic stents were implanted to distend the biliary duct stricture for 2-3 months. Results Twenty-six patients with biliary leakage were cured 3-4 weeks after ENBD. Fourteen out of 17 patients implanted with plastic stent were recovered uneventfully after stent removed, and 4 patients also recovered after installation of double-stents for 3 months, while another case with calculus and stricture of left hepatic duct in spite of implantation of simple-stent suffered repeatedly from biliary tract infection and one case developed hepatic abscess after repeatedly infection for one year before he had the hepatic lobectomy. Conclution Endoscopic therapy is the first choice in treating biliary leakage or secondary duct stricture.

Objective To evaluate brush cytology under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for malignant biliary strictures, and to analyze the factors influencing the diagnosis yield.Methods Brush cytology was applied in 144 patients with suspected malignant biliary strictures at ERCP.Brushing in bile duct was performed for 10 times from 2004 to 2006, while at least 20 times of brushing and repeated manipulation were performed at biliary strictures from 2007 to 2009. Cytological samples were processed immediately after brushing and analyzed by the same pathologist. Efficacy of brush diagnosis was evaluated based on reference to histopathology after surgery and/or clinical diagnostic criteria. Results Malignant stricture was finally diagnosed in 96 patients, and benign diseases in other 48. Brush cytology was positive in 78 of 96 patients with malignant stricture ( sensitivity 81.3% ), and negative in all patients without malignancy ( specificity 100. 0% ). Overall accuracy of diagnosis was 87.5%. Positive rate of malignancy by brush between 2007 and 2009 was 87.7% (50/57), while that between 2004 and 2006 was 71.8%, which were significantly different ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The positive rate was not correlated with stricture location or tumor type. No major complications occurred, except for 4 moderate acute pancreatitis, 3 cholangiolitis and 2 biliary bleeding. Conclusion Brush cytology is of high sensitivity and specificity for malignant biliary stricture.Repeated brushing and manipulation can facilitate diagnosis yield.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous intervertebral disc approach for treatment of sympathetic cervical spondylosis. Methods Fifty?six patients diagnosed as having sympathetic cervical spondylosis from January 2009 to August 2014, aged 22-64 yr, with the dis?ease course ranged from 6 months to 15 yr and a follow?up period of 6 months, were enrolled in the study. The related minimally invasive approach was selected according to the height of the diseased intervertebral space. When the ratio of the height of diseased intervertebral space∕normal intervertebral space≤1∕3, per?cutaneous radiofrequency ablation was used ( groupⅠ, n=19); when the ratio within the range of 1∕3-2∕3, percutaneous laser disk decompression was used ( groupⅡ, n=12); when the ratio≥2∕3, low?tem?perature plasma radiofrequency ablation was used ( group Ⅲ, n=25) . Before operation, at 2 weeks after operation, and at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation, the sympathetic symptoms were evaluated using the 20?point score. At 2 weeks and 6 months after operation, the patients′ subjective satisfaction was assessed and graded ( excellent, good, medium and poor ) . Results All the patients were followed up for 6 months. The sympathetic symptom scores were significantly lower at each time point after operation in Ⅰand Ⅲ groups and at 2 weeks and 3 and 6 months after operation in group Ⅱ than those before operation
( P<0.05) . The excellent and good rate of patients′subjective satisfaction was 67.9% at 2 weeks after op?eration, and 76.8% in the last follow?up period at 6 months after operation. Conclusion The minimally invasive percutaneous intervertebral disc approach has a marked short?term effect on sympathetic cervical spondylosis.