[Objective]To discuss the fault and its prevention of thoracolumbar vertebral fracture treated with pedicle screw.[Method]A retrospective study of 13 failure patients of thoracolumbar vertebral fracture were treated with pedicle screws from July 1998 to October 2007.The pedicle screw was found entering into the vertebral canal or being outside of the vertebral pedicle in 6 patients.The broken pedicle screw were found in 3 patients.The fixing position were fault in 3 patients and the system were loosen in 3 patients in the first X-ray photogram.One patient was misdiagnosed and 1 pedicle screw was broken within 6 months.[Result]Two patients refused any treatment.Eleven patients were followed-up in this group ( ranged from 6 months to 4 years,mean 15 months).The fixator were removed in 7 patients and 1 broken screw was left in the vertebral body.Another 4 patients were operated with new fixation and fusion in the second time.[Conclusion]The fixed approach of the vertebral pedicle root is narrow and small.Failure of internal fixation could only be avoided by means of careful reading Roentgen images preoperatively,fluoroscopical examination intraoperatively,and avoiding second implantation.

Objective To sum m arize the key points, difficulties and relevant practical experiences for ana-lyzing the scene of solved intentional hom icide cases. Methods The data of 88 solved intentional hom i-cide cases in a county from 2004 to 2013 w ere collected and the retrospective analysis w as perform ed. Results The num ber of local fem ale victim s obviously higher than non-local fem ale victim s and the num ber of non-local suspects is obviously higher than local suspects. The num ber of M ale suspects show ed higher com pared w ith the fem ale. M ost of them w ere tem porary w orkers, unem ploym ent or farm ers w ith less education backgrounds. The m ain causes of victim s’ death w ere m echanical injury or asphyxia. The m urders w ere acquaintances in m ost intentional hom icide cases. The m otive of the stranger m urders w as com m only m oney. The m urder behavior types of hom icide cases w ere related w ith people, m oney and sexual assault. C am ouflage and guilty behavior show ed the m ost significance. Conclusion The accurate identification of suspects is one of the m ost im portant task in forensic investigation and re-flects the im portance of the crim inal scene analysis for intentional hom icide cases. It also provides the direction of future research.

Objective To explore the related risk factors of central lymph node metastasis ( CLNM) of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma ( PTMC) and the application value of central lymph node dissection ( CLND) . Methods Totally 251 patients who were confirmed as PTMC by pathological biopsy were selected as the research object, and they were divided into the metastasis group (n=42) and the non-metastasis group (n=209) according to the status of lymph node metastasis. The general datum of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed, and the indexes with significant differences after univariate analysis were analyzed by non-conditional Logistic regression analysis. Treated the patients with lymph node metastasis through CLND, and the occurrence rate and recurrence rate of related complications were recorded during the 1 to 3 years of follow-up. Results The comparison of the location of the tumor, complicated adenoma, Hashimoto’ s thyroiditis, nodular goiter, and hyperthyroidism between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). In the metastasis group, the rate of patients aged less than 45 years old and the percentage of male patients were both significantly higher than the non-metastasis group, and the difference was of statistical significance (P<0. 05). There were 25 cases (59. 5%) whose tumor diameter were 5~10 mm, 12 cases (28. 6%) with multiple lesions, and 22 cases (52. 4%) breaking through the envelope in the metastasis group, which were significantly higher than 70 cases (33. 5%), 23 cases (11. 0%) and 67 cases (32. 1%) in the non-metastasis group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). In the metastasis group after operation, there was 1 cases (2. 3%) of hoarseness, 6 cases (14. 3%) of local numbness, 1 case (2. 3%) of nerve invasion, and 2 cases (4. 8%) of vascular invasion, and there was no choking cough report. During the period of 1 to 3 years of follow-up, there were only 2 cases of recurrence and the recurrence rate was 4. 8%. Conclusion Central lymph node metastasis mostly occurs in the male patients with PTMC who are less than 45 years old. And the main characteristics are diameter of tumor over 5 mm, multifocal lesions, with envelope penetration symptom and so on. In clinic, patients who meet the above-mentioned condition should be taken as the primary concern and given related prevention measures to reduce the occurrence risk of central lymph node metastasis. To treat patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma through central lymph node dissection can receive good curative effect and effectively improve the prog-nosis quality, and it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To investigat the safe time of SVC interruption in New Zealand rabbits, and help to find the safe time ofSVC interruption in chnical operation. Methods 25 New-Zealand rabbits were separated into 3 groups randomly. Bi-SVC was cross-clamped for one hour, two hours in animal models. The femoral artery or SVC pressures were monitored. The control group (sham op-eration group, 5) were opened chest both sides and monitored femoral artery pressure and SVC pressure for 2 hours. Samples of cere-brum, cerebellum and medulla of rabbits immediately post-operation were studied for water content, light and electric microscopies.The tiny change of brain cells in brain mantle, hippocampus and thalamencephal were observed under electron microscope. Results(1) The SVC pressure of rabbits varied regularly in occlusion groups, which displayed as "upgrade-degression- upgrade again-retain".(2) There was no obvious difference in water content of brain between the one hour group and the control group, both of which weremuch lower than two hours group. (3) The brain tissues were almost in normal construction in one hour group, but encephaledema wasobserved in two hours group. The pathological change of cony brain cells was light and reversible in one hour group. However, in twohours group, necrosis of neuron ceils in brain could be observed, which was irreversible. Concerto The animal model of acuteSVC obstruction was built successfully. Interruption of the SVC for 1 hour was proved safe, with longer interruption of SVC 2 hours,obvious encephaledema and necrosis of neuron cells can be observed.

Objective To design a worksheet generation software for satisfy the two CHEMCLIN ? 600 instruments (CC 600) and laboratory information system(LIS) data transmission needs in Daxing Hospital of Capital Medical University ,ensure consis‐tency and uniqueness of the test sample number .Methods Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 and DotNetBar for Windows Forms were used to develop a work table generation software .Results Work table generation software had good interface ,and the CC 600 sys‐tem interaction had the advantage of simple operation ,generation of working table was operating normally ,and data transmission with laboratory information system was correct .Conclusion The worksheet generation software solves CC 600 linking problem be‐tween different test batches ,gives full play to the detection performance of the two instruments ,clinical application effect is good .

Objective To describe the CSP genotypic profile in clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigates from different regions of China,and to investigate if there is a difference in antifungal susceptibility among A.fumigates of different CSP genotypes and from different regions.Methods Totally,112 A.fumigates strains clinically isolated from Fujian,Shanghai,Hebei and Beijing were included in this study,and identified according to macro-and micro-morphological characters,growth temperature and β-tubulin sequence.Classic A.fumigatus strains were typed according to CSP gene sequence.The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of voriconazole,itraconazole and amphotericin B to A.fumigates were determined in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M38-A protocol.Results All the strains were identified as classic A.fumigates,and fall into 11 CSP genotypes.The most common genotypes were t04A (n =32),t03 (n =17) and t01 (n =24) in all the strains,tl0,t04A and t01 in Fujian,t04A and t01 in Shanghai,t01,t03 and t04A in Hebei,t02,t04A,t01and t03 in Beijing.One A.fumigatus strain was identified as a new CSP type t25 in Fujian,which showed no obvious difference in morphology,growth rate or appropriate growth temperature from the other CSP genotypes of A.fumigatus strains.No statistical difference was found in the susceptibility to amphotericin B,itraconazole or fluconazole among different genotypes of A.fumigates,whereas the MICs of itraconazole were significantly lower in A.fumigates isolates from Fujian than in those from the other three regions.Conclusions The CSP genotypic profile of A.fumigates varies in clinical isolates from different regions.No significant difference is observed in the susceptibility to amphotericin B,itraconazole or fluconazole among different CSP genotypes of A.fumigates,but the susceptibility to itraconazole is somewhat different between A.fumigates strains from different regions.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy is a commonly chronic-vascular complication in a course of diabetes mellitus (DM), and its relation with apoptosis and changes of ion level needs to be proved.OBJECTIVE: To observe apoptosis and changes of Na+ and K+ contents in retinal tissue of DM rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou Municipal People's Hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou Municipal People's Hospital. A total of forty adult male Wistar rats, aged 20 months, weighing 320-350 g, were provided by Animal Center of Medical College Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University.METHODS: Forth Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group with 20 in each group. Streptozotocin was used to induce DM in the experimental group. Apoptosis and changes of Na+ and K+ contents in retinal tissue were measured on the 4th, 6th, 12th and 16th weeks after DM onset. Rats in the control group were injected only with the same volume of citrate buffer solution. Then, correlations on the aspect of fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin glycosylation (HbAlc), Na+ and K+ contents and DM course were analyzed between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Na+ and K+ contents; ② FBG concentra tion and HbAlc level; ③ changes of apoptosis; ④ correlations among markers.RESULTS: Apoptosis could be detected in retinal tissue in the experimental group at 4 weeks after DM onset, and with course elongating, level of apoptosis was aggravated gradually. Na+ concentration was increased in retinal tissue, but K+ concentration was decreased (P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05). Levels of apoptosis in retinal tissue in the experimental group were positive correlation with FBG concentration, HbAlc level, Na+ content and DM course (r=7.584, 7.844, 7.369, 6.246; P ＜ 0.01); however, they were negative correlation with K+ content in retinal tissue (r=7.658, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: There are apoptosis and abnormal Na+ and K+ contents in retinal tissue of DM rats. Moreover, these changes may be one of pathological bases of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injury during choledochocystectomy. Methods Clinical data of 24 cases of iatrogenic bile duct injury were analyzed retrospectively from 2005 to 2009. Results Eight patients underwent early repair of bile duct within 4 days after the injury. 14 patients with later recognized bile duct injury underwent selective operations, and two patients were discharged after their jaundice were relieved without any surgical treatment. Supporting T tubes were left in place in 22 patients for 8 to 14 months after operations, without any biliary obstruction found after one year and six months to five year follow-up. Conclusions Early bile duct injury within 4 days was easily treated, but later bile duct injury should have selective operation. The patients with jaundice could be diagnosed with PTCD and ERCP to observe the bile duct injury. During operation membrane-to-membrane wide hepatojejunostomy helps prevent later anastomotic stenosis. The left in drainage tube in anastomotic stoma for more than 8 months improves success rate in the process of injuried bile duct repair.

ObjectiveTo test the expression of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7),microvessel density (MVD) and foeal adhesion kinase pY397 (FAKpY397) in human glioma tissues,and to evaluate their relationship.MethodsThe expression of EGFL7 and FAKpY397 in 56 cases of human glioma and 8 cases of normal brain tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry test,and MVD was detected by CD34 staining.ResultsThere was a significant difference of the positive rates of EGFL7 between normal brain tissue (0) and gliomas (75％),χ2 =17.45,P ＜0.01.With the increased pathological grade,the expression level of EGFL7 increased (χ2 =26.24,P ＜ 0.01 ).There was a significant difference of the positive rates of FAKpY397 between normal brain tissue ( 12.5％ ) and gliomas (73.2％),χ2 =6.23,P ＜ 0.05.With the increased pathological grade,the expression level of FAKpY397 increased (χ2 =6.71,P ＜ 0.01 ). MVD on normal brain was( 15 ± 4 )/HP,on Ⅰ - Ⅱ grade and Ⅲ -Ⅳ grade gliomas was ( 27 ± 3 )/HPand ( 60 ± 4 )/HP respectively,there was a significant difference on MVD between normal brain tissue and gliomas (P ＜ 0.01 ).Higher level of MVD was found in gliomas with higher grade ( P ＜ 0.01 ).There was a positive correlation between EGFL7 and FAKpY397 expressions in gliomas (r =0.314,P ＜0.01 ).There was a significant difference on MVD between positive and negative expression of EGFL7 ( t =26.55,P ＜ 0.01 ). MVD was (56 ± 4 )/HP and (25 ± 3 )/HP respectively.ConclusionThe expression of EGFL7 of human gliomas has a favorable positive correlation with the degree of malignancy,MVD and FAKpY397.It is indicated that EGFL7not only palys an important regulative role in glioma neovascularization,but also it may participate directly in glioma occurrence and invasion.

The transfection efficiency of oligonucleotide and plasmid to the HL-60 cell line with lipofectaminePLUS was compared through observing the transfection rate and the expression duration of exogenous gene in the target cells. The results showed that the transfection rate of oligonucleotide to the HL-60 was about 90% - 95% and it had no obvious attenuation within 84 h. However, the plasmid transfection rate was only 5% -25% and it was decreased significantly within 60 h. It was suggested that the transfection of oligonucleotide with liposomes was better than that of plasmid.
Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; HL-60 Cells ; Liposomes ; Oligonucleotides/*genetics ; Plasmids/*genetics ; Transfection