Objective: To find out who is more suitable to be screened by MMSE (mini-mental state examination) Method: A total of 4921 persons aged 55 or above were collected by stratification cluster sampling for urban and rural areas of Xi'an They were screened by MMSE According to different age and education levels, the tenth percentage, median, skewness and kurtosis, and the positive predict value were calculated Results: MMSE scores showed a negative and cliff distributions whether among groups of different education level, among different age groups or in the total sample Moreover, these features was more obvious in relatively younger people (less than 70 years) with higher education level (high school or college), while in those aged more than 70 years with poor education (primary school or illiterate), the distribution of MMSE score was close to normal Consequently, the rates screened out by MMSE was higher in older and poor educated people than in those younger with higher education Multiple regression showed that education level, age, sex, lose of hearing, activity in daily life were factors having influence on score of MMSE Conclusion: In screening dementia, MMSE is more suitable for poor educated older people (older than 70)

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of tobramycin dexamethasone in the treatment of meibo-mian gland dysfunction(MGD). METHODS:108 MGD patients were randomly divided into control group(53 cases)and observa-tion group(55 cases). Control group was given eyelid cleaning with conventional physical cleaning method,at the same time,giv-en Doxycycline hydrochloride tablets 0.1 g orally after meal,twice a day. Based on control group,observation group was addition-ally given Tobramycin and dexamethasone eye ointment with length of 1.0-1.5 cm,smearing into conjunctival sac,4 times a day. Treatment courses of 2 groups lasted for 4 weeks. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed as well as eyelid observation score, symptom score,the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α,the occurrence of ADR before and after treatment. RESULTS:The total response rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group(89.1% vs. 77.4%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in eyelid observation score,symptom score,the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,eyelid observation score of 2 groups were significantly higher than before treatment,and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group;symptom score and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and the observation group was significantly lower than the con-trol group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on routine treatment,tobramycin dexamethasone shows significant therapeutic efficacy for MGD,and can improve clinical symptoms significantly but does not increase the occurrence of ADR.

Objective To investigate the role of wild-type XPD in SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells,its re-lationship with wild-type p53.CDK7 and c-myc.And the apoptosis mechanism of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells.Methotis We inserted the human length XPD into the pEGFP-N2 plasmid vector which expresses the green fluorescence protein(GFP).And the pEGFP-N2 and pEGFP-N2-XPD were transfected into SMMC-7721 hepa-toma cell lines stably.Cel lines for omparison were matched on the sanle genetic background and passage.The expression of wild-type XPD,CDK7,p53,c-myc waft detected by RT-PCR,Westem blot.Cell growth wag detet-ed by MTT FCM wag employed for examining the cell cycle and apoptosis of the transfected SMMC-7721 hepa-toms cells.Results ①SMMC-7721-pEGFP-N2-xPD and SMMC-7721-pEGFP-N2 express the green fluores-cence protein which could be detected under the immunoffuorescence microscope.②RT-PCR The relative ex-\pression of p53 mRNA,XPD mRNA in the SMMC-7721,SMMC-7721-pEGFP-N2 and SMMC-7721-pEGFP-N2-XPD,the relative expression of p53 mRNA,XPD mRNA in the SMMC-7721-pEGFP-N2-XPD was signifiantly higher than other two oontrols(P<0.01).Othewise,the relative expression of CDK7 mRNA,c-myc mRNA Wag signifi-antlv lower than other two oontrols(P<0.01),the difference of two controls was not signifiant(P>0.05). ③Western blot The relative expression of p53,XPD protein was signifiantly higher than other two oontrols (P<0.01).Othewise,the relative expression of CDK7,c-Myc protein was signifiantly lower than other two oontrols(P0.05).④MTT The ressuh showedthat the proliferative ability of SMMC-7721-pEGFP-N2-XPD was much more descreaged than other two oontrols (P<0.05),the other two oontrols were not different(P>0.05).⑤FCM Wild-type XPD gene could change the cell8 and induce apoptitise in vitro though the result of FCM.Conclusions The pEGFP-N2 and pEGFP-N2-XPD were transfected into SMMC-7721hepatoma cell lines stably,wild-type XPD could decreaSe the expres-sion of CDK7,c-myc and increase the expression of p53.Wild-type.XPD could inhibit the activity of cell growth and change cell cycle,as well as induce cell apoptosis in SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell line in vitro.

Objective To detect the change of discharge phase of guinea pig hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells during visual discriminative task with an effective and convenient program we designed. Methods Five guinea pigs were performed by extracellular single unit recording in vivo when they were performing visual discriminative task. Discharge signals of individual pyramidal cells were extracted from different frequency signals by wavelet transform (WT), which made it feasible to calculate discharge phase of pyramidal cells in terms of time correlation between discharge and ? rhythm. Results The discharge phase of CA1 pyramidal cells in the 1 to 5s interval before visual discriminative task (172??1.8?) was obviously earlier than that in the 6 to 10s interval after visual discriminative task (189??3.7?) ( P0.01). Conclusion The program we designed is capable of detecting discharge phase of pyramidal cells. Regular shift of discharge phase of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells emerges before and after performing visual discriminative task.

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between subjective well-being and family care degree of medical college students.Methods2695 medical college students were tested by Family APGAR index and Oxford Happiness Test-Revised.The data was analyzed by independent-sample t test,pearson correlations and linear regression.Results ( 1 ) The subjective well-being and family care degree and its factors of college students were above average.The score of subjective well-being was 43.08 ± 11.16,and the score of family care degree was 6.48 ±2.39.(2)The family care degree( t=3.462,P＜0.01) and its adaptation( t=2.718,P＜0.01),partnership( t =4.178,P＜0.01),and growth( t=4.484,P＜0.01 ) of female students were higher than male students.The family care degree ( t =3.939,P ＜ 0.01 )and its adaptation ( t =4.683,P ＜ 0.01 ),partner-ship ( t =3.306,P＜ 0.01 ),and growth ( t =2.796,P ＜ 0.01 ) and subjective well-being( t =3.508,P＜ 0.01 ) of the students who came from cities and towns were higher than the students who came from rural.(3)There was a significant relation between subjective well-being and family care degree and its factors( r=0.197 ～ 0.357,all P＜0.05 ).The partner-ship,resolve,growth and affection can forecast together the 13.2％ variance of subjective well-being.ConclusionEnhancing family care degree is contribute to the subjective well-being and psychological health of medical college students.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between 24-hour ambulatory pulse pressure (24hPP), 24-hour ambulatory pulse pressure index (24hPPI), night-time ambulatory pulse pressure index (NPPI) and coronary artery disease (CAD) occurrence in hypertension patients. Methods: A total of 305 subjects received ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in our hospital from 2016-05 to 2016-07 were enrolled. Base on ABPM information, 24hPP, 24hPPI and NPPI were calculated to analyze their relationship to CAD occurrence. 24hPP was defined by 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure (24hSBP) minus 24hDBP, 24hPPI by the ratio of 24hPP/24hSBP and NPPI by the ratio of night (22:00-6:00) PP/SBP. Results: There were 222/305 (72.8%) subjects with hypertension. Compared with normotension subjects, hypertension patients had increased 24hPP: (49.0±11.6) mmHg vs (42.2±7.4) mmHg, P<0.001, 24hPPI: (0.39±0.06) vs (0.37±0.05), P=0.004 and NPPI: (0.40±0.07) vs. (0.38±0.06), P=0.009 respectively. 116/222 (52.3%) hypertension patients suffered from CAD. Compared with non-CAD patients, CAD patients presented elevated 24hPP: (50.9±12.2) mmHg vs (47.0±10.6) mmHg, P=0.013, 24hPPI: (0.41±0.07) vs. (0.38±0.06), P<0.001 and NPPI: (0.42±0.07) vs. (0.38±0.06), P<0.001 respectively. Among 83/305 (27.2%) normotension subjects, the above indexes were similar between CAD patients and non-CAD subjects. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that with adjusted age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and antihypertensive medication, 24hPPI [OR=1.95, 95% CI 1.11-3.44, P=0.020] and NPPI [OR=2.21, 95% CI 1.28-3.82, P<0.01] were related to CAD occurrence. ROC curve analysis showed that 24hPPI and NPPI were superior to 24hPP for CAD screening and prediction in hypertension patients. Conclusion: 24hPPI and NPPI were closely related to CAD occurrence in hypertension patients, they were both helpful for CAD screening and prediction in hypertension patients.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the current situation of unreasonable prescriptions in outpatient and emergency depart-ments of our hospital,and to provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:The evaluation of outpatient and emergency prescriptions in our hospital during 2013-2015 were summarized and analyzed. Irrational prescriptions were divided into 3 categories,involving 19 items. The main,secondary and general factors of irrational prescriptions were analyzed by Pareto chart. RESULTS:Among 19 types of irrational prescriptions,main factors included unsuitable drug selection,inappropriate usage and dosage,inappropriate drug combination,prescribing not in accordance with the antibiotics management regulations,incomplete di-agnosis. No indications of medication,drug dosage beyond the regulations ofthree urgent seven slowwere treated as the second-ary factors. Other 12 items were general factors. CONCLUSIONS:According to the main and secondary irrational drug use types, clinical pharmacists should carry out effective intervention and pharmaceutical care to improve the level of rational drug use and en-sure the safety of clinical drug use.

Objective To study the characteristics of immune function,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) antibodies and EBV-DNA in children with different clinical types of EBV infection,which provide basis for prevention and treatment of EBV infection.Methods Clinical data of 103 patients suffering from EBV infection were retrospectively analyzed in Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University.A total of 103 children were divided into infectious mononualeosis(IM) group(n=68),chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection(CAEBV) group(n=13) and Epstein-Barr virus-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(EBV-HLH) group(n=22).The changes of EBV antibodies,EBV-DNA,immunoglobulin levels,lymphocyte subpopulation and complement series were detected and compared among the three groups.A total of 26 healthy children at the same stage were enrolled as a control group,immunoglobulin levels,lymphocyte subpopulation and complement series were detected in control group,then compared with the rest of the three groups.Results The levels of C3 and C4 in CAEBV group and EBV-HLH group were significantly decreased than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in EBV-HLH group,CAEBV group,IM group and control group gradually increased(P<0.05,respectively).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in EBV-HLH group and CAEBV group significantly decreased than those in control group(P<0.05,respectively).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in IM group decreased than those in control group,while there were no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).CD8+T cells in IM group significantly increased than those in the rest of the three groups(P<0.05,respectively).T cells,CD8+T cells,CD4+ T cells,CD4+/CD8+ ratios,NK cells,B cells of EBV-HLH group significantly decreased than those in the rest of the three groups(P<0.05).The positive rates of EBV antibodies in CAEBV group and IM group were significantly higher than those in EBV-HLH group(P<0.05).EBV-DNA in EBV-HLH group were significantly higher than those of CAEBV group and IM group(P<0.05).Conclusion EBV-DNA levels in the serum are positively correlated with disease types and severity,the pathogenesis of IM,CAEBV and EBV-HLH induced by EBV infection are associated with immune dysfunction.Dynamic monitoring of EBV load and cell immune function can reflect disease status and progress risk.

Objective To assess the renal protective effects of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) in diabetic model rats and to explore its mechanism. Methods SD rats were divided randomly into there groups: control group,diabetic model group and diabetic group treated with MMF. In 12 weeks, blood glucose(BG), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Scr), index number of kidney hypertrophy(kidey weight to body weight, KW/BW),creatinine clearance(Ccr) and 24- hour urinary protein (24Upro) were detected. Kidney tissure were examined by microscopy. The protein exprssion of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in renal tissure were determined by immunohistochemical technique. The mRNA expression of ICAM-1 in kidney tissure were semi-quantitatively determined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results Compared with control group, BG、KW/BW、24Upro、BUN、Scr and Ccr were significantly increased in diabetic model rats(P

Objective To determine prevalence of dementia in diabetics and non-diabetics, and in different age and gender groups. Methods A case-control study was conducted among participants aged 50 and over in Jing' an temple community in Shanghai. Subjects in diabetics group were matched to non-diabetics groups for age and sex with 1:1 matching. Personal information and case history were collected through questionnaire. The subjects were screened for dementia using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Subjects that screened positively (indicated by an MMSE score below 19, 21 and 24 among those with illiteracy, elementary school and above junior middle school education, respectively) were subsequently examined by a series of neuropsychological tests. Based on all available information, a diagnosis of dementia was defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM )-Ⅳ criteria Results Prevalence of dementia of 4. 75% (23/484, 95% CI: 3. 03%-7.04%) in diabetics was higher than that of 2. 24% (11/490,95% CI: 1.13% -3.98%) in non-diabetics (X~2 = 4.54, P=0.03).Prevalence of dementia among diabetics in age groups of 60-69, 70-79 and 80 and above was 1.94% (2/103), 4. 43 % (9/203) and 14.12% (12/85, trend X~2 =18.04, P <0.01), and in non-diabetics was 1.43% (2/140), 2. 86% (6/210) and 5.00% (3/60, trend X~2 = 4.58, P=0.03), respectively.Prevalence of dementia among female and male in diabetics was 6.55% (19/299) and 2.06% (4/194) (X~2 = 5.18, P = 0.02), respectively, and in non-diabetics was 3.01% (9/299) and 1.05% (2/191).Conclusions Prevalence of dementia is significantly higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics, higher in women than men, and increases as age rises.