Objective To evaluate the mid-term effectiveness of the medium-and-long-term programme of the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Jiangsu Province. Methods The programme was carried out in Jiangsu Province and the comprehensive measures relied mainly on snail control, detection and chemotherapy of schistosomiasis for residents and livestock. The mid-term effectiveness of the programme was observed and evaluated longitudinally. Results The coverage rate of snail control areas and the ratio of chemotherapy of schistosomiasis for residents and livestock rose year after year. The snail areas, the infected snail areas and the infection rate of schistosome for residents and livestock reduced year after year. There were negative correlations between the coverage rates of snail control and the infected snail areas, the number of settings with infected snails, the infection rate of schistosome for residents, the infection rate of schistosome for livestock and the morbidity of acute schistosomiasis, respectively (rInfected snail areas=-0.897,P=0.039;rNo. of settings with infected snail=-0.937,P=0.019;rInfection rate for residents=-0.913,P=0.031;rInfection rate for livestock=-0.991,P=0.001;rMorbidity of acute schistosomiasis=-0.894,P=0.041). There were negative correlations between the ratio of chemotherapy of schistosomiasis for residents and the infected snail areas, and between the ratio of chemotherapy of schistosomiasis for livestock and the infected snail areas (rRatio of chemotherapy for residents =-0.965,P=0.008;rRatio of chemotherapy for livestock=-0.921,P=0.027). There were negative correlations between the funds of schistosomiasis control and the infection rate of schistosome for residents livestock, respectively (rInfection rate for residents=-0.897,P=0.039;rInfection rate for livestock=-0.971,P=0.006). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that there were the linearity relationships between the infection rate of schistosome for residents and the coverage rates of snail control, and between the infection rate of schistosome for livestock and the coverage rates of snail control, and between the morbidity of acute schistosomiasis and the coverage rates of snail control. Conclusions The effect of the comprehensive strategy of schistosomiasis control which relies mainly on snail control, detection and chemotherapy of schistosomiasis for residents and livestock are remarkable. The snail control and chemotherapy are effective and immediate. The increased funds would be essential guarantee for control and elimination of schistosomiasis.

Objective To explore for the methede and effect of endoscopic treatment on biliary leakage and biliary duct damage. Methods All patients with biliary damage such as biliary leakage and biliary duct stricture were treated by endoscopic sphincoterotomy and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) during abdominal cavity drainage ENBD was removd when biliary leakage healed and abdominal cavity drainage ceased for 1～2 weeks were confirmed. Plastic stents were implanted to distend the biliary duct stricture for 2-3 months. Results Twenty-six patients with biliary leakage were cured 3-4 weeks after ENBD. Fourteen out of 17 patients implanted with plastic stent were recovered uneventfully after stent removed, and 4 patients also recovered after installation of double-stents for 3 months, while another case with calculus and stricture of left hepatic duct in spite of implantation of simple-stent suffered repeatedly from biliary tract infection and one case developed hepatic abscess after repeatedly infection for one year before he had the hepatic lobectomy. Conclution Endoscopic therapy is the first choice in treating biliary leakage or secondary duct stricture.

Objective To investigate the infection rate of Legionella pneumophila(LP)in children younger than 5 years with lower respiratory infections by ELISA and PCR.Method Serum LP-IgM and IgG were measured by ELISA,and LP DNA in sputum or throat swab were detected by PCR in 300 children less than 5 years with lower respiratory infections.The data were analyzed by chi-square test and the consistency of the two methods was analyzea by NcNemar test.Results Serum antibody detected by ELISA was positive in 17 cases(5.67%),including 10 positive of IgM and 7 positiile of lgG.In these 17 eases,11 were males and 6 were females with similar positive rates(5.76%vs 5.5%).Four cases(2.53%)were positive in children aged from 27 days to 1 year,while 7(7.37%)and 6 cases(12.77%)were positive in children aged 1-3 years and 3-5 years,respectively.Seven cases(5.19%)found in the winter and spring seasons and 10 cases(6.06%)in summer and autumn seasons.Eleven children(11.83%)were from urban area and only 6(2.9%)from countryside.DNA in sputum or throat swab detected by PCR was positive in 16 cases(5.33%),included 10 males and 6 females with similar positive rates(5.24%vs 5.5%).Five cases(3.16%)were positive in children aged from 27 days to 1 year,while 6(6.32%)and 5 cases(10.64%)were positive in children aged 1-3 years and 3-5 years,respectively.Three cases(2.22%)found in the winter and spring seasons and 13 cases(7.88%)in sunmmr and alltumll seasons.Nine children(9.68%)were from urban area and only 7(3.38%)from countryside.McNemar test was used to compare the data of ELISA and PCR results with a Qm of 0.037 and a Pr of 0.8474.Conclusions LP might contribute partly to the lower respiratory infections in children less than 5 years.The infection rate of LP increases with age increasing.Urban children have a higher infection rate than those living in countryside.Both methods have a good consistency.

Objective To understand the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails in source areas of the east route of Southto-North Warter Diversion Project and evaluate the effects of the snails on the safety of water transfer.Methods The investigation of snail distribution was carried out in the source areas of the east route of South-to-North Warter Diversion Project every spring.The method of the random sample combined with environmental sample was used for the field investigation.The beach land in the stilling pool of Jiangdu Pumping Station was selected as a surveillance site to observe the snail spread.Results The areas of the snail habitats and infected snails were 256.11,184.55,164.92,121.16 hm~2 and 8.27,1.0,1.0,0 hm~2 respectively in the source areas of the east route of South-to-North Wafter Diversion Project from 2006 to 2009.The densities of living snails had a downtrend,too.Google Earth showed that the areas of snail habitats distributed mainly in the Jiajiang River and Mangdao River in the source areas.The snail habitats were detected in the beach land in the stilling pool of Jiangdu Pumping Station.The research results showed that the snail spread related to the wastes from the river of drawing water.Conclusion There are the risks of snail spread in the source areas of the east route of South-to-North Wafter Diversion Project,so that the long-term surveillance and control on the snails is very necessary.

Objective CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technique provides an novel method for whole genome editing in eukaryotic cells.Recently,we found that gene subtype library with smaller size and focused pur-pose is more economical and practical. In this study,we aimed to target kinases,a group of pivotal cell signal transducers,to construct a kinase knock-out library using CRISPR/Cas9 technique.The construction strategy wll al-so be discussed. Methods 10 sgRNA was designed for each kinase target.After oligo pool synthesis by semicon-ductor chip,the oligos were eluted from the chip. The oligo templates were amplified and cloned into Cas9 vector and transformed into Stble3 competent cells.Monoclonal colonies were selected for DNA sequencing. Results(1) GO analysis of 507 cell kinases showed that the cell kinases took part in a wide range of cell signaling.(2)The sgRNA pool with about 140 bp in length was successfully amplified by using oligo pool as the template and univer-sal PCR primers.(3)In 40 identified library clones,34 clones were sequenced successfully. Among them,the DNA sequencing results of 25 samples were completely consistent with the designed target sequences.But there are some mutations in the primers of 9 samples.Failure in bacteria shaking,DNA sequencing and other factors were ex-isted in the other clones. Conclusion The CRISPR/Cas9 kinase knock-out library can be widely used for screen-ing the important kinases which may mediate cell proliferation,metastasis,drug resistance and autophagy.This li-brary will play an important role in clarifying the development of disease associated with kinases.

Objective Explore the relative expression of miR-122-5p and miR-486-5p in the serum of Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) patients and its clinical value .Methods Case-control study was used in this research.From June of 2016 to March of 2017,60 HCC patients who were hospitalized in Guangzhou General Hospital were selected as HCC group .It also selected 20 hepatitis patients ( hepatitis group ) , 20 cirrhosis patients ( cirrhosis group ) , 20 breast cancer patients ( breast cancer group ) , 20 gastric cancer patients(gastric cancer group)and 20 healthy controls (normal control group) for comparison.The relative expression of miR-122-5p and miR-486-5p was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The specificity and sensitivity of miRNAs for the diagnosis of HCC were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) , and the results were compared with the tumor marker AFP .The effect of miRNA on the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated by the area under the ROC curve , which was used to detect the diagnostic efficiency of liver cancer .SPSS22.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis . The rank sum test was applied in the group comparison .Results Serum levels of miR-122-5p in HCC group, hepatitis group, cirrhosis group, breast cancer group, gastric cancer group and control group were 0.14(0.05-0.51),0.45(0.32-0.58),0.53(0.34-0.67),0.14(0.07-0.28),0.29(0.13-0.36) and 0.73 (0.63-0.95),respectively, and the miR-486-5p were 0.50(0.23-0.77),0.62(0.48-0.82),0.65(0.54-0.85),0.23(0.08-0.40),0.29(0.15-0.45)and 0.76(0.69-1.23).The serum levels of miR-122-5p in hepatitis group , cirrhosis group , HCC group were significantly lower in healthy control group , significance was found (U was 315.37,393.46,429.08, all P<0.01), and the serum levels of miR-486-5p in hepatitis group, cirrhosis group, HCC group were lower in healthy control group , significance was found ( U was 103.67,156.18,207.35, all P<0.05).When using one serum marker to diagnosis HCC , AFP had the highest sensitivity ( 73.7％) and miR-122-5p had the highest specificity ( 95％) .While combined two serum markers, AFP +miR-122-5p had the highest sensitivity and specificity (93％),and miR-122-5p +miR-486-5p had the highest specificity (70％), compared AFP +miR-122-5p to AFP, AUC difference was statistically significant(Z=3.02,P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in AUC with AFP +miR-486-5p, miR-122-5p +miR-486-5p to AFP(Z=1.57,1.39,all P>0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of the three markers were 96.5％and 55％respectively , and the area under the ROC curve was 0.891 (95％CI:0.818-0.964).The combination miR-122-5p, miR-486-5p and AFP were higher than the single test, compared with AFP, miR-122-5p, miR-486-5p, the AUC differences was statistically significant (Z=3.26, 3.72, 4.25, all P<0.01).Conclusion Serum miR-122-5p and miR-486-5p could be used as biological markers for the diagnosis of HCC .

The outbreak of COVID-19 has currently been under control in China, but now the disease has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. We formulated a prevention and control plan for clinical laboratories responsible for detection of the novel coronavirus infection. We analyzed the implementation of this plan and the problems arising from its clinical practice. We found that the layout of most clinical laboratories (including gene amplification laboratories for clinical samples) was inadequate in response to a major outbreak and did not meet the requirements for biosafety protection and etiology and serology testing; and laboratory staff showed insufficiencies in their awareness regarding biosafety protection; the functions and status of the laboratory in the fever clinic need to be enhanced to increase its detection capacity; the high density of military personnel, the low level of automation of clinical laboratory equipment, and the lack of biosafety cabinets and personal protective equipment all limit the performance of diverse military operations and major overseas missions. In view of these problems, we propose the following strategies and recommendations: the clinical laboratory needs to standardize the design and staff management according to the standards of P2 laboratory; the detection capacity and staffing of fever clinic laboratory in hospitals need to be strengthened, and a separate clinical gene amplification laboratory can be optimal; for those clinical gene amplification laboratories that fail to meet these standards, reconstruction and upgrade should be made according to the requirements of biosafety protection; for the clinical laboratory in the military medical system, in addition to enforcement of biological safety protection of the staff, sufficient supply of medical materials and biological safety equipment should be ensured and biological safety cabinets should be routinely equipped if possible.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics ; prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral ; prevention & control

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is an oral anaerobic bacterium that has recently been found to colonize on the surface of colorectal cancer cells in humans, and its degree of enrichment is highly negatively correlated with the prognosis of tumor treatment. Numerous studies have shown that Fn is involved in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and Fn interacts with multiple components in the tumor microenvironment to increase tumor resistance. In recent years, researchers have begun using nanomedicine to inhibit Fn's proliferation at the tumor site or directly target Fn to treat CRC. This review summarizes the mechanism of Fn in promoting CRC and the latest research progress on Fn-related CRC therapy using different nanomaterials. Finally, the applications perspective of nanomaterials in Fn-promoted CRC therapy was prospected.
Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Fusobacterium nucleatum/genetics* ; Base Composition ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tumor Microenvironment

B cell linker (BLNK) is a key linker protein of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. BLNK participates in the regulation of PLC-γactivity and the activation of Ras pathway through its typical structure and interaction network with other proteins, and is thus widely involved in the regulation of B cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and signal transduction. Furthermore, it is closely related to anaphylactic diseases, multiple sclerosis, chromosomal aneuploidy, aneuglobulinemia, B lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma. Herein we review the structure and biological function of BLNK and its role in B cell-related diseases. BLNK can cooperate with a series of effective proteins to activate BCR signaling pathway, thereby regulating the development, maturation and function of B cells. The functional mutation of BLNK can destroy the homeostasis of B cells and affect the development and maturation of B cells, which leads to the occurrence of B cell related diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of BLNK not only provides insights into the pathogenesis of B cell-related diseases, but also inspires new ideas and helps to find breakthroughs for the treatment of these diseases with BLNK as the therapeutic target.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Mutation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell ; chemistry ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Endogenously eliminating the hematoma is a favorable strategy in addressing intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study sought to determine the role of retinoid X receptor-α (RXR-α) in the context of hematoma absorption after ICH. Our results showed that pharmacologically activating RXR-α with bexarotene significantly accelerated hematoma clearance and alleviated neurological dysfunction after ICH. RXR-α was expressed in microglia/macrophages, neurons, and astrocytes. Mechanistically, bexarotene promoted the nuclear translocation of RXR-α and PPAR-γ, as well as reducing neuroinflammation by modulating microglia/macrophage reprograming from the M1 into the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, all the beneficial effects of RXR-α in ICH were reversed by the PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662. In conclusion, the pharmacological activation of RXR-α confers robust neuroprotection against ICH by accelerating hematoma clearance and repolarizing microglia/macrophages towards the M2 phenotype through PPAR-γ-related mechanisms. Our data support the notion that RXR-α might be a promising therapeutic target for ICH.