Objective To study the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of n￣butyl alcohol extraction from Anoectochilus roxburghii. Methods The total of 12 normal rats were used as normal control group, and 48 diabetic model rats were divided into model control group, and high dose, middle dose and low dose treatment groups with 12 rats in each group,three treatment groups received Anoectochilus roxburghii at dose 600,400,200 mg.kg-1 , respectively, normal control group and model control group were administered with equal volume of 0.9% sodium chlorade solution once a day.After 21 days of drug administration, the weights of rats, the levels of blood glucose and insulin were examined. Results Compared with normal control group, the body weight in model control group decreased significantly(P<0.01), while blood glucose significantly increased (P<0.01).Compared with model control group, the body weight in Anoectochilus roxburghii groups exhibited no obvious difference,while blood glucose decreased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05).The level of insulin in high dose group increased remarkably (P<0.05). Conclusion The n￣butyl alcohol extraction from Anoectochilus roxburghii shows markedly hypoglycemic effect,specifically for which at high dose increases the level of insulin significantly,its mechanism may involve with promoting β cells regeneration.

Objective To observe the influence of metabolic syndrome(MS)on the left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)in the essential hypertension(EH)patients.Methods 76 EH patients in middle to advanced ages were selected.Clinical examinations including blood pressure,serum lipid,plasma glucose and body mass index(BMI)were performed.The patients were divided into EH group and essential hypertension with HMS group.The left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPW),the left ventricular end diastolic dimension(LVDd),and interventricular septal thickness(IVS)were detected.The left ventricular mass index(LVMI)was calculated after Doppler and 30 controls were observed.Results LVPW,IVS,LVDd,LVMI and the rate of LVH were obviously higher in EH patients than that in the controlS(P＜0.05),and these were also higher in HMS than that in the controls and the EH patients(P＜0.01).Conclusions The degree of the left ventricular hypertrophy in EH patients with metabolic syndrome is more severe than that in EH patients.

Objective To study the effect of celecoxib on learning and memory function,cyclooxygenase(COX-2) and the apoptotic protease-activating factor-1(Apaf-1) protein expression after traumatic brain injury in rat.Methods A total of 72 adult male Wistar rats were equally and randomly divided into the normal control group,sham operation group,trauma group and Celecoxib treatment group.Postoperative 72 h-reperfusion was performed for taking brain specimens.The immunohistochemical method and Western blot were used to respectively detect COX-2 and Apaf-1 protein expression change;the Morris water maze test was adopted to detect the learning and memory function on preoperative 5 d and at postoperative 72 h.Results The COX-2 and Apaf-1 protein expression in the trauma group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P＜0.05),and the protein expression in the treatment group and trauma group was decreased,but still higher than that in the sham operation group and normal group(P＜ 0.05);in the Morris water maze test,the prolongation of escape latency time in the trauma group was maximal among 4 groups (P ＜0.05),but the treatment group had a shorter time compared with the trauma group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Craniocerebral trauma can cause different degrees of learning and memory dysfunction,and COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib can downregulate the expression of COX-2 and Apaf-1 protein,inhibit inflammation reaction and cellular apoptosis,and improve the learning and memory dysfunction after traumatic brain injury.

Objective To investigate effects of celecoxib on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), apoptotic protease activation factor-1 (Apaf-1) and function of mobility in rat model of severe craniocerebral trauma. Methods For?ty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided by random number table into four groups. Normal group was given no manipulation. Sham group was given scalp incision and sutured. The severe closed craniocerebral injury model was estab?lished via Foda method in rats of injury group. Treatment group was given intraperitoneal injection of celecoxib [ 250 mg/(kg·6 h)] on the basis of injury group. The intraperitoneal injection of same volume of normal saline was given in the other three groups. Samples were taken altogether after 72 hours. Changes of COX-2 and Apaf-1 were detected by immunohistochemis?try and Western blot assay. Ten days after the restoration, six rats were taken from each group for assessing neurological im?pairment scale (NSS). Results The expression levels of COX-2 and Apaf-1 were significantly higher in injury group than those of other groups. The expression levels of COX-2 and Apaf-1 were significantly lower in treatment group than those of injury group but the levels were significantly higher than those of sham group and normal group (P < 0.05). NSS scores showed that rats in treatment group improved mobility compared with that of injury group (P<0.05), but there was difference compared with Sham group and control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Celecoxib, with its specific inhibitoty effect on pro?tein COX-2, can effectively reduce inflammatory reactions lower the expression of Apaf-1 and reduce apoptosis of neurons, improving the prognosis of dysfunction of mobility after craniocerebral injury.

Objective To evaluate the applicable value of two - dimensional speckle tracking imaging on assessing the local function and coronary collateral circulation of acute myocardial ischemia in dogs.Methods Open-chest model to induce acute myocardial ischemia in 10 dogs was established by ligating their anterior descending coronary artery(LAD). Two-dimensional dynamic gray- scale images of two standard left ventricular short axis views at the levels of mitral annulus and papillary muscle were acquired for the off -line comparative analysis before the operation and 0, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes after the operation respectively. Peak systolic circumferential strain(CS), peak systolic radial strain(RS) and left ventricular fraction shortenting(LVFS) of 12 segments at the levels of mitral annulus and papillary muscle were analyzed with QLAB software. After the lab experiment,the fresh hearts of dogs were dyed by TTC.Results ①Compared with the preoperative value , the peak systolic CS and RS of ischemia myocardial regions(anteroseptum,anterior and lateral) in left ventricular short-axis decreased significantly( P ＜0. 05)during 30 to 60 minutes after ligating LAD. Sixty minutes later, the peak systolic CS and RS had a tendency to return to the level before the operation,although the statistical difference was existing. The peak systolic RS and CS also decreased in certain nonischemic regions (inferolateral and inferior). But CS and RS in inferoseptal regions didn't alter significantly. ②Compared with the preoperative value,LVFS in the ischemia regions were significantly decreased( P ＜0.05), while nonischemic regions had no significant difference. ③The results of TTC dyeing showed that the infarcted regions in left ventricular short-axis were anteroseptum, anterior and lateral with blood supplied by LAD, which were consistent with the results of RS and CS. Conclusions RS and CS,as the parameters of myocardial strain may reflect the range and extent of acute myocardial ischemia,and the strain changes of local myocardial segments after the construction of coronary collateral circulatory.

Objective To discuss the application value of multislice CT (MSCT) in diagnosis of ureteral biology variation and diseases.Methods The MSCT data of 51 patients with suspected ureteral biology variation and diseases were retrospectively analyzed.The data of MSCT images included plain scan,renal cortical phase,renal parenchyma phase and excretion phase.The MSCT images of renal cortical phase,renal parenchyma phase and excretion phase were reconstructed respectively to gain the 3D images of renal arteries,veins and urinary passage.Results Among the 51 patients,1 patient with traumatic ureteral rupture,10 patients with ureteral biology variation diseases,14 patients with stone of ureter,2 patients with polyp of ureter,3 patients with non-specificity ureteritis,3 patients with tuberculosis of ureter,1 patient with endometriosis,17 patients with carcinoma of ureter.Satisfied 3D images of renal arteries,veins and urinary passage could be reconstructed.And the imaging diagnosis of 51 patients were all in accord with their clinical diagnosis or pathologic diagnosis.Conclusion MSCT can obtain high qualified images,and this technique should become the preferred inspection item of ureteral biology variation and diseases.

The association of plasma tissue type plasmingogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes was explored.The subjects with type 2 diabetes (n =91) and control subjects (n =30) were enrolled for this study.According to carotid artery intima media thickness in Color Doppler Ultrasonography,the subjects with type 2 diabetes were divided into four groups:normal carotid group(group 1,n =25),lining thickening group (group 2,n =30),stable plaques group (group 3,n =23),carotid stenosis group(group 4,n =13).Plasma t-PA and PAI-1 levels were measured by ELISA.Compared with the control group,there was no significant change in the levels of plasma t-PA and PAI-1 in group 1 (P＞0.05),plasma t-PA activity was decreased significantly(P＜0.05) and PAI-1 activity increased obviously (P＜0.05) in group 2,group 3,and group 4.Carotid atherosclerosis degree was negatively correlated with t-PA(r=-0.723,P＜0.01) and positively correlated with PAI-1 (r=0.851,P＜0.01).The results suggested that the abnormal fibrinolysis function may take part in the development of atherosclerosis of carotid arteries in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To observe the effect of Xuebijing injection on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods PMCs were isolated from rat colic omentum and the 3rd generation cells were used in the experiment. PMCs were incubated with LPS at different concentrations (1,10,100 mg/L);with LPS (10 mg/L) for 2, 6, 12, 18, 21, 24, 36 h;with Xuebijing injection at different concentrations (2,10,20 g/L) after incubation with LPS (10 mg/L) for 2 h. PMCs in the control group were incubated with medium. HMGB-1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. TNF-α and HMGB-1 protein in supernatants was detected by ELISA. Results Compared to the control group, the expression of HMGB-1 mRNA and protein was significantly increased in groups stimulated by LPS in a time- and dose-dependent manner (all P<0.05);the expression of TNF-α was increased in the groups stimulated by LPS in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In the groups stimulated by LPS (10 mg/L), the expression of TNF-α appeared double hump within 36 hours. Compared to LPS (10 mg/L) group, Xuebijing injection significantly inhibited the expression of HMGB-1 and TNF-α (all P<0.05 ) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions HMGB-1 as a late mediator of inflammatory responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis. Xuebijing injection can reduce peritoneal inflammatory impairment by inhibiting the up-regulation of TNF-α and HMGB-1 induced by LPS.

Objective:To describe a feasible surgical technique for patients with renal cell carcinoma associated with a supradiaphragmatic tumor thrombus that avoids cardiopulmonary bypass procedure. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 2 cases with right kidney tumor and tumor thrombus above the dia-phragm treated in April and August,2015.The two patients were both female,aged 73 and 67 years. The tumor sizes of right kidneys were 7.0 cm ×6.3 cm ×5.7 cm and 8.7 cm ×7.0 cm ×5.2 cm,and the tumor thrombuses were 1.3 cm and 1.8 cm above the diaphragm.The second patient had synchro-nous metastasis in right adrenal gland ,and the tumor thrombus arose from the adrenal vein but not the renal vein.Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)was used to assess real-time mobility of the thrombus.A modified chevron incision was used,the right kidney was mobilized laterally and pos-teriorly,and the renal artery was identified,ligated,and divided.The infradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava (IVC)was exposed and isolated by mobilizing the liver off the diaphragm or to the left (piggyback liver mobilization,case 2).The central diaphragm tendon was dissected or incised in the midline until the supradiaphragmatic intrapericardial IVC was identified and gently pulled beneath the diaphragm and into the abdomen.The tumor thrombus was then “milked”downward out of the intrapericardial IVC un-der the guidance of TEE.The distal and proximal IVC to the tumor thrombus,porta hepatis,and left re-nal vein were clamped.Tumor thrombus was removed from the IVC.The IVC was sutured and vascular clamps were placed below the major hepatic veins.Pringle’s maneuver was then released and hepatic blood drainage was permitted during closure of the remaining IVC.Related literature was reviewed.Re-sults:Complete resection was successful through the transabdominal approach without CBP in both pa-tients.Estimated blood loss was 1 500 mL and 2 000 mL,and 1 200 mL and 800 mL of blood were trans-fused.The postoperative courses were uneventful.Both patients subsequently underwent tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy.Both patients were alive without tumor recurrence or new metastasis during the follow-up of 6 months and 9 months.Conclusion:In selected cases,renal cell carcinoma extending into the IVC above the diaphragm can be resected without sternotomy,CBP or DHCA.

Objective　To study the effect of minielctrocholecystectomy(MEC) for gallbladder stone. Methods　The clinical data of 4,200 cases(1991-2000) undergoing MEC were analysed restrospectively; the results of different operotors for the MEC were compared. Results　All 4,200 cases were cured. Of them, 41 cases(0.98%) had serious complications, including intraoperative bleeding in 4 cases(0.09%), biliary tract injury in 18(0.43%); stress ulcer in 8(0.19%), and residual stones of biliary tract in 11(0.26%). Conclusions　MEC has the following advantages: less trauma, short operation time, fast postoperative recovery and lower expense. The different operotors on MEC have distinguish difference in the results. It is important to preven the complications of MEC.