OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug susceptibility of microorganism isolated from patients with infection of biliary tract,and provide informations for clinical reasonable antibiotics selection. METHODS A total of 957 bile specimens of patients with infection of biliary tract were cultured and drug susceptibility test was performed. RESULTS From the 398 strains(66.67%) of microorganism were cultured.The main pathogenic bacteria were Escherichia coli(33.09%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(11.19%),Enterococcus faecalis(8.67%),Enterococcus faecium(5.78%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(4.69%).Meanwhile,the main pathogenic fungus was Candida albicans(7.22%).The susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae to amikacin,imipenem and meropenem were 95.48%,100.00% and 100.00%,respectively.Susceptibility of Enterococcus to ampicillin and high concentration gentamicin were 73.61% and 84.72%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS E.coli,K.pneumoniae,E.faecalis and C.albicans are the main pathogens resulted in biliary tract infections.The strategy of amikacin combined with ampicillin may be recommended for empirical treatment in biliary tract infection.

Objective To establish a method for detecting Aspergillus spp.by Loop-mediated isothermal amplification.Methods Aspergillus spp.specific primers were designed from the relative conservation region of the published sequence of 28S rRNA genes of A.fumigatus (GenBank accession number AY660917),A.terreus (GenBank accession number AF454183),A.flavus (GenBank accession number AF454158),and A.niger (GenBank accession number AF454169).Genomic DNA were extracted from Aspergillus standard strains,clinical control strains and clinical samples,and amplified by LAMP.The amplified results could be read with the naked eye by the coloring effect of fluorescent nucleotide dye without the DNA electrophoresis.Approximately 103 each Aspergillus conidia suspension was added to the serum from healthy volunteers,and detected these simulative clinical samples bv LAMP assay.Results The LAMP and PCR assays obtained positive results for all four Aspergillus species and 8 simulative clinical samples (double samples for each Aspergillus species) including 103 conidia,but negative in the remaining 15 non-Aspergillus species,human total blood genomic DNA,30 clinical serum samples infected with non-Aspergillus and 10 healthy volunteers.The LAMP assay had a minimum detection of 0.05-0.5pg,by means of detect different levels of 500,50,5,0.5,0.05 pg template in each reaction tube.Conclusion The results confirm that LAMP is a simple,rapid,sensitive and specific method,and can be used for detection of Aspergillus strains in clinical and environmental specimens.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the results of antimicrobial susceptibility for clinically isolated Corynebacterium striatum strains and investigate the distribution of minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of the antibiotics commonly used in clinic against C.striatum.METHODS C.striatum was identified with API Coryne System(bioMerieux,France).Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted by agar dilution method.RESULTS MIC90 of imipenem,vancomycin and rifampin against C.striatum was 8,0.5 and 2 ?g/ml,and that of amikacin,gentamicin,tobramycin,and minocycline was 8-16?g/ml,but MIC90 of the other antibiotics was 32-≥256 ?g/ml.The main source of 32 isolates was from bronchofibroscopic secretion.CONCLUSIONS The activity of vancomycin,rifampin and imipenem against C.striatum shows stable susceptibility,but of amikacin,gentamicin,tobramycin and minocycline shows inferiority.However,the susceptibility to other antibiotics is low.So vancomycin,rifampin and imipenem are the optimal antibiotics to treat the infections caused by C.striatum.

Decreasing trend has occurred in incidence of colorectal cancer in developed countries. A shift from left to right in location of colorectal cancer has been recognized,which may be associated with colonoscopy screening,aging population,diet structure modification,increased incidence of cancer and diabe-tes. Factors including sex,race and education may also play a role to some extent. Right-sided intestinal cancers have higher proportion of poor differentiation,terminal stage and mucinous component. Complications and second primary intestinal cancer are more common in right-sided intestinal cancers. Left-sided intestinal cancers tend to be well differentiated and at relatively early stage at diagnosis. With respect to molecular mecha-nism,right-sided cancers are associated with mismatch repair system,while left-sided cancers are related to p53 mutation. Based on the differences in clinicopathology and genetics,it′s implied that left-sided and right-sided intestinal cancers may belong to two different kind of disease. It′s suggested that attentions should be paid differently according to their respective characteristics in clinical practice and trials.

Airway Remodeling ; physiology ; Animals ; Asthma ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; PPAR gamma ; biosynthesis ; Rats

Objective To investigate the distribution of virulence-related genes in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli.Methods Seven virulence genes papA,cnf1,cnf2,cfaB,ipaB,hofQ and ompT were detected by PCR in 20 strains of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli clinically isolated,and the positive genes were further searched in 31 strains of Escherichia coli in BioCyc database whose genomies had been fully sequenced.Results Virulence genes hofQ and ompT were detected in 20 strains of Escherichia coli with a positive rate of 95.0％ (19/20) and 55.0％ ( 11/20),respectively.Among 31 strains of Escherichia coli in BioCyc,21 (67.7％) were positive for hofQ gene and 15 (48.4％) were positive for ompT gene.Conclusion hofQ and ompT genes are prevalent in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy, safety and effectiveness of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) combined with radioactive 125I seed implantation in treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 48 patients with inoperable and EGFR mutation-positive advance NSCLC were included in this study. The patients were divided into study group (n = 26) and control group (n = 22). Patients in the study group were treated with EGFR-TKIs combined with radioactive 125I seed implantation; while patients in the control group only received EGFR-TKIs treatment, which was kept on until the disease progressed. The clinical efficacy, and the incidence of side effect as well as the survival rate were determined, and the results were compared between the two groups. Results Local disease control rate of the study group and the control group was 92.3% and 68.2%respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.033), while the effective rate was 76.9% and 54.5%respectively, the difference was not significant (P=0.101). Progression-free survival (PFS) time of the study group and the control group was 14.1 months and 9.7 months respectively (P< 0.05). The one-year survival rate of the study group and the control group was 80.8%and 63.6%respectively (P<0.05), and the median survival time was 26.9 months and 17.1 months respectively (P < 0.05). The major complication caused by radioactive 125I seed implantation was pneumothorax. Conclusion For EGFR mutation-positive advance NSCLC, EGFR-TKIs together with radioactive 125I seed implantation is a safe and effective treatment.Its short-term efficacy is superior to pure EGFR-TKIs therapy. At present, this combination therapy is a new alternative for the treatment of EGFR mutation-positive advance NSCLC.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotic resistance of multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(ABA) and distribution of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methylase genes in ICU in Yinzhou People′s Hospital in Ningbo. METHODS The samples of 20 ABA isolates were collected from Oct 2007 to Jul 2008 in ICU.K-B method was used to determine the sensitivity to 32 antibacterials and the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methylase genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). RESULTS From 20 ABA isolates,8 strains carried aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes genes aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅰb,and ant(3″)-Ⅰ,their positive rate was 10%,15%,30% and 25%,respectively;no strain carried 16S rRNA methylase genes. CONCLUSIONS The antibiotics resistance of A.baumannii is very serious in Yinzhou People′s Hospital in Ningbo.Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes genes aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅰb and ant(3″)-Ⅰ exist in multi-resistant A.baumannii widely.They would be the main causes of high drug-resistantce to aminoglycosides.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotics resistance of multi-resistant Acinetobactor baumannii(ABA) and genotypes of beta-lactamases in ICU.METHODS The samples of 20 A.baumannii isolates were collected from Oct 2007 to Jul 2008 from patients in ICU.To determine the sensitivity to the 32 kinds of antibacterials,K-B method was used and the detection of ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamases was performed by three dimensional test and 21 types of beta-lactamases genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS Among the 20 ABA isolates,all carried TEM beta-lactamases gens(100%),10 carried OXA-23 beta-lactamases gens(50%) and 15 strains carried ADC beta-lactamases gene(75%),50% strains produced TEM,OXA-23 and ADC beta-lactamases simultaneously.Through determining sequence of one PCR product from TEM,OX23 and ADC respectively,we found TEM-116,OXA-73 and ADC-25 type beta-lactamases genes.CONCLUSIONS The antibiotics resistance of ABA is very serious.TEM,OXA-23 and ADC exist in multi-resistant A.baumannii widely.It should be the main causes as high rate of drug-resistantce to beta-lactamantibiotics.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotics resistance of Escherichia coli(ECO) and distrubtion of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S RNA methylase genes in ICU.METHODS The samples of 20 ECO isolates were collected from Dec 2007 to Jun 2008 of patients in ICU.To determine the sensitivity to the 30 antibacterials K-B method was used and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S RNA methylase genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS In among the 20 ECO isolates,8 strains carried aac(3)-Ⅱ(40%),3 carried aac(6′)-Ⅰb(15%) and ant(3″)-Ⅰ(15%),1 be found aph(3′)-Ⅰ(10%)and 13 be found aadA4/5 aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes genes,no strain carried 16S RNA methylase genes.CONCLUSIONS aac(3)-Ⅱ、aac(6′)-Ⅰb,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,aph(3′)-Ⅰ and aadA4/5 aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes genes exist in ECO widely,they should be the main cause inducing the high rate of drug-resistance to aminoglycosides.