Objective: To study the specificity of the determination method for catechin and epicatechin in Catechu. Method: Contents of catechin and epicatechin in 7 kinds of crude drugs and 3 kinds of preparations of Catechu were determined. Results: As sampling 100 times as much as Catechu, catechin and epicatechin could be both detected in Semen Arecae, and catechin could be detected in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Herba Ephedrae and Radix Sanguisorbae. Conclusion:This method can be used for the quality control of Catechu and its preparations and is of specificity.

Objective:To establish experimental periodontitis model in Wistar rats by prednisolone acetate injection and ligature of their left second maxillary molars with steel-wire. Methods:Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, control group and experimental group. Muscle injection with saline was regarded as the control group. Prednisolone injection plus ligature of left second maxillary molar with steel-wire was used as the experimental group.The rats were killed after 6 and 8 weeks. Results:The rats in experimental group showed bad appetite and did not want to move after 4 days of injection. These symptoms were agreement with "shen-xu" in traditional Chinese medicine. The osteoporotic changes in alveolar bone, the absorption of alveolar ridge, the formation of periodontal pocket and osteoclastic activity were found in treatment group. None of above pathological changes occurred in periodontal tissue of the control group.Conclusion: Experimental periodontitis model could be successfully established in Wistar rats by ligature with steel-wire plus prednisolone injection, and this animal model offers a good means for the study of periodontitis.

Objective:To determine the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the expression levels of bone gla protein(BGP) and cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6) in the periodontium of experimental periodontitis rats.Methods:One hundred 160-200 g Wistar rats were randomly divied into ten groups.Group A used as control were killed at the beginning of the experiment.Group B-J were experimental periodontitis models.Group B-E received the therapy of ginsenoside Rg1 were killed at 1st,2nd,3rd and 4th weeks.Group F-J received no treatment as periodontitis control were killed at 0,1st,2nd,3rd and 4th weeks.The expression levels of BGP and IL-6 in the periodontium were measured by immunohistochemistry.Results:The expression levels of BGP in the group F were significantly lower than that in the group A,the expression levels of IL-6 in the group F were much higher than that in the group A(P

Objective To explore the behavioral patterns of middle school students and provide basis for unintentional injury prevention in these students.Methods 171 injury students and 171 normal students as controls were evaluated by Youth Self-Report(YSR),and mean scores were compared between the two groups by t Test.Logistic regressions were performed to analyze the relationship between injury students and behavioral problems.Results The rate was higher in injury group(15.79%) than in control group(8.19%).The score of injury group of boys was higher than thar of control group(t=2.942,P=0.004);the score of injury group of girls was higher than thar in control group(t=3.766,P=0.000).Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that attention-deficit(OR=5.376),the problem of thinking(OR=3.672),social problems(OR=2.204) and friendly fellows' action was a risk factor.Conclusions There is a significant effect of the behavior of students and fellow students on the injury to students.

Objective To probe into the epidemic feature, pa tho genic spectrum and main risk factors of diarrhea during the field training in ar my. Methods Detection of morbidity,investigation of risk factor s and detachment of pathogen were performed. Results The diarrh eal incidence rate of army of field training was 4.36%(106/2 433), which was higher than that of hold garrison(0.98%, 2/204). The incidence rate of officers was lower than that of soldiers. Two incidence peaks concerned with the army motion course were foun d. The detection rate of lapactic bacteria from fecal of patients was 63.1%(65/1 03) and most of them were ETEC, followed by the plesiomonas shigelloides. Se ven ind ividual factors concerned with diarrhea disease were found with logistic analysi s, including dr inking unboiled water, going out to eating and so on. Conclusions Incidence of diarrhea in the army increased obviously during the field training and the chief pathogen are ETEC and plesiomonas shigelloides, at the same time, t he occurrence of diarrhea is related with many individual factors.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dezocine for prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under remifentanil-based anesthesia.Methods Sixty-eight patients of both sexes, aged 65-85 yr, weighing 48-78 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ , undergoing elective unilateral total knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =34 each) using a random number table: control group (group C) and dezocine group (group D).After induction of anesthesia, the patients were tracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with iv infusion of propofol 0.05-0.06 mg · kg-1 · min-1 and remifentanil 0.05-0.10 μg · kg-1 · min-1, and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium 0.04 mg/kg.Dezocine 0.1 mg/kg was injected intravenously at 30 min before skin incision in group D.At 1 day before operation (T0) , and 1, 3, 5, 7 days after operation (T1 , T2, T3 , T4) , the blood samples from the central vein were collected for determination of serum cortisol (Cor), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β protein concentrations.Before operation, and 5 and 7 days after operation, the patients' cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination, and the occurrence of POCD was recorded.Results Compared with the baseline value at T0, the serum Cor, NSE and S-100β protein concentrations were significantly increased at T1-3, and MMSE scores were decreased at T3,4 in the two groups.Compared with group C, the serum Cot, NSE and S-100β protein concentrations were significantly decreased at T1-4, and Mini-Mental State Examination scores were increased at 5 and 7 days after operation, and the incidence of POCD was decreased in group D.Conclusion Dezocine 0.1 mg/kg intravenously injected at 30 min before skin incision can prevent the occurrence of POCD in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under remifentanil-based anesthesia.

Objective To investigate whether the effect of rabeprazole in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease is related to CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms.Methods 278 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease confirmed by endoscopy and proton-pump inhibitor testing were enrolled in this study,including non erosive reflux disease (NERD) in 122 cases,the reflux esophagitis (RE) in 98 cases and Barrett esophagus in 58 cases.They were treated with rabeprazole for 8 weeks.GerdQ scores before and after the treatment were completed,endoscopy was performed again in patients with RE after treatment.The blood CYP2C19 genotyping was detected by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrum(MALDI-TOF-MS).Results According to the genotype of CYP2C19,they were divided into extensive metabolizers,intermediate metabolizers and poor metabolizers,accounted for 39.57%,42.45% and 17.98%,respectively.There was no significant difference in GerdQ scores of three groups before treatment,and also had no significant difference after 8 weeks treatment,but in each subgroup GerdQ scores after treatment was decreased significantly than before treatment.The total effective rate of 98 patients with RE by endoscopy was 86.73%,but there was no significant difference in total effective rate of the three groups after treatment.Conclusion Rabeprazole is effective in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.Moreover,rabeprazole is less affected by CYP2C19 genotype and therefore its curative effect is more stable.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) combined with concurrent chemotherapy for loco-regionally recurrent or mastastatie rectal cancer. Methods Between June 2004 and January 2007,47 patients with loco-regionally recurrent or nmatastatic rectal cancer were treated by 3DCRT of 55-65 Gy in 1.8-2.0 Gy fractions. Chemotherapy was given concurrenfly using oxaliplatin(100 mg/m2 ,iv drop,d1 ) and capecitabine(1500 mg/m2,orally,dl-14,21 days per cycle). Results After the follow-up of 12-35 months, the total response rate, complete response rate and partial response rate were 79% (37/47) ,19% (9/47) and 60% (28/47) ,respectively. The pain-alleviation rate and the mean pain-alleviation time were 85% and 6 months. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 83% and 51%. Quality of life was improved without any treatment related death. Conclusions 3DCRT combined with concurrent chemotherapy is effective and well-tolerated in patients with post-operatively locoregionally recurrent or mastastatic rectal cancer.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the features of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer patients during endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS), and to establish the clinical method for the preoperative staging of lung cancer using EUS. The EUS patterns of 103 lymph nodes in 21 patients with lung cancer were evaluated. Confirmation of benign and malignant lymph nodes was obtained by surgical resection and pathology. The following features were compared between benign and malignant lymph nodes: short axis , long axis, distinct margins and the shape of nodes. The results showed that all of the lymph nodes were hypoechoic. Both the short axis greater than 1.0cm and distinct margins or round shape independently predicted malignant invasion ( P

OBJECTIVE: To survey the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) in adults aged over 60 years in Dongying city,and analyze the risk factors and the extent of damage to the quality of life for the elderly to provide the basis for prevention and treatment of OSAHS people. METHOD: One thousand subjects were derived from a random cluster sampling in seven districts of Dongying city:they were asked to answer the questions from questionnaires. According to the questionnaire scoring, 100 subjects in high-risk group were selected randomly to make polysomnography monitoring for a whole night,so that the prevalence of the disease was calculated and the related risk factors were analyzed; elderly patients diagnosed with OSAHS were asked to assess the quality of life assessment questionnaire by face to face to understand the quality of life dimensions injury. RESULT: The actual number of completed surveys was 934, and the efficiency was 93.4%. The estimated prevalence of OSARS in elder people defined by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI ≥ 5) was 32.5%; Multivariate analysis revealed that age smoking, family snoring,neck circumference, waist circumference, and abnormality of the upper airway were respectively independent risk factors of OSAHS,and the abnormalities of the upper airway had the most obvious impact on AHI. The damage caused by OSAHS to the quality of life for elderly people followed their daily work life, social relationships, symptoms, alertness, emotional, general health, symptoms. CONCLUSION The estimated prevalences of OSAHS in elder people were high. Actively promoting good habits to older people, weight loss, early detection and correct upper airway abnormalities may reduce the estimated prevalence of OSAHS. In the treatment process, the patient's physician should pay attention to their emotional and groom their psychological problems to improve the quality of life in elder people.
Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; epidemiology ; Snoring ; Surveys and Questionnaires