The infection of chronic refractory wound is related with bacterial biofilm .How to prevent and treat bacterial bio-film and its related damage has been a hot topic in current studies .This article provides a review on chronic wound biofilm on clinical diagnosis techniques , diagnostic criteria , bacteria identification outcomes and influencing factors .

Objective To evaluate the formation of coronary collateral circulation with intracoronary Doppler ultrasound in pigs after acute occlusion and the influence of nitroglycerin and phentolamine on it.Methods The blood flow spectrun was detected in 14 pigs using intracoronary Doppler ultrasound before and after acute occlusion of the left circumflex artery (LCX) and its response to nitroglycerin and phentolamine.The average peak velocity (APV) and the diastolic systolic velocity ratio (DSVR) were recorded. Results The APV of the LCX decreased significantly at 10 min after acute occlusion (0.97?1.05 vs 25.78?4.36 cm/s,P0.05). Conclusion Intracoronary Doppler ultrasound can be used to evaluate coronary collateral circulation. The formation collateral circulation was insufficient after acute occlusion of coronary artery in pigs and nitroglycerin or phentolamine can improve the blood flow.

Objective:To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Cassia leschenaultiana from different regions. Methods: The column was SinoChrom ODS-BP (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 , the detection wavelength was 285 nm, the column temperature was 25℃, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results: The fingerprint consisted of 13 common peaks. The range of similarity for ten batches of Cassia le-schenaultiana was 0. 839-0. 998. And the reference fingerprint of Cassia leschenaultiana was established by HPLC. Conclusion: The fingerprint method is simple and reproducible, which can provide basis for the quality control and the medicinal resources exploration.

Objective To determine the clinical value of myocardial performance index (MPI) in the assessment of right ventricular function in the patients with atrial septal defect (ASD). Methods The study included 23 patients with ASD and 81 normal subjects. MPI, defined as the sum of isovolumic relaxation time and isovolumic contraction time derived by ejection time, was measured from tricupid inflow and right ventricular outflow Doppler velocity profiles recorded during routine echocardiography. Results ①The isovolumic relaxation and isovolumic contraction times [respectively ( 74.78 ? 13.86 )ms vs ( 60.93 ? 12.94 )ms, P

Objective:To study the chemical constituents in the seed of Cassia leschenaultiana.Methods: The compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography , thin-layer chromatography and recrystallization .The structures were identified by the physicoche mical identification and spectral analysis .Results:Seven compounds were isolated from the seeds of Cassia leschenaultiana and identified as 1-desmethylchryso-obtusin (Ⅰ) , aurantio-obtusin (Ⅱ) , ale-emodin (Ⅲ) , obtusin (Ⅳ) , chryso-obtusin (Ⅴ) , ob-tusifoline(Ⅵ)and aurantio-obtusin(Ⅶ).Conclusion:All of the compounds are isolated from the seeds of Cassia leschenaultiana for the first time.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in women ≤ 40 years of age.Methods One hundred and thirty one young (≤ 40 years) female patients with breast cancer pathologically confirmed in the General Hospital of PLA from January 1 st 2008 to December 31st 2012 (young group) were collected,and 262 elderly (41-69 years) female patients with breast cancer in the same period (old group) were collected as control using the random number table method.The clinicopathological characteristics involved TNM staging,histological grade,the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR),human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2) and clinical stage of the two groups were contrastively analyzed.Results Compared with elderly patients,young female patients with breast cancer had lower positive rate of ER or PR (64.9％ vs.76.7％;x2 =6.171,P =0.013),higher positive rate of Her-2 (26.7％ vs.15.3％;x2 =7.415,P =0.006) and higher histological grade (grade Ⅱ 38.2％ vs.35.1％;grade Ⅲ 55.7％ vs.49.6％;x2 =6.835,P=0.033).There were no significant differences in T stage (x2 =1.764,P =0.623),N stage (x2 =0.129,P =0.988),clinical stage (x2 =4.916,P =0.178),molecular subtype (x2 =7.475,P =0.058) and different surgical procedures (x2 =0.913,P =0.339) between the two groups.Conclusion Young (≤ 40 years) female patients with breast cancer have specific clinical and pathological characteristics including higher histological grade,higher positive rate of Her-2,lower positive rate of ER or PR and higher degree of malignancy,who should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.

Objective To study the influence of postoperative chemotherapeutic regimens on menstruation in pre-menopausal patients with breast cancer. Methods 120 pre-menopausal patients with breast cancer from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012 were followed-up. The occurrence rate and recovery rate of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) were analyzed. The relationship between different chemotherapeutic regimens and CIA of various age groups was analyzed. Results 120 women were followed-up, 94 (78.3 %) patients developed CIA. The frequency of CIA in younger patients (≤ 35 years) was significantly lower than that in patients older than 35 years (P < 0.05). 50 (53.2 %) patients returned to normal menses. The recovery situation of CIA was significantly different among various age groups (P < 0.05). The difference of the occurrence rate of CIA was not statistically significant between the patients who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy and docetaxel-based chemotherapy (P > 0.05). Conclusions Age is an important influence factor of the CIA. Chemotherapy has less influence on the menstruation of younger patients (≤35 years) and most amenorrhea is reversible. The effects of sequential addition of taxanes in chemotherapy and anthracyclines alone on menstruation have no significant difference.

Background Angle Kappa is the angle between the pupillary axis and visual axis,and it is a major consideration in corneal refractive surgery and strabismic surgery.Researches showed that age and refractive status affect angle Kappa value,and additionally,the measuring results of angle Kappa are associated with instruments.Objective This study was to investigate and weight the influences of axial length,anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature to angle Kappa.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed.Fifty health volunteers were included from Dec 2009 to Aug 2010,with the age of 18-38 years and average diopter of-1.0 D and best corrected visual acuity of 1.0.The horizontal and vertical angle Kappa was binocular measured with a testing machine designed by laboratory of School of Optometry & Ophthalmology Wenzhou Medical University.IOLMaster was employed to measure the ocular axial length,anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature radius.A multiple linear regression model was established to analyze the influences of axial length,anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature radius to angle Kappa.Results An efficacious regression equation was established as Y =15.554-0.587X1+0.724X2+ 0.232X3 with the independent variables as axial length(X1),anterior chamber depth (X2),corneal curvature (X3) and dependent variable as horizontal angle Kappa (Y) (R =0.788,R2 =0.621,P =0.000).Horizontal angle Kappa showed a negative correlation with axial length (b1 =-0.587,β1 =-1.002,P =0.000) and a positive correlation with anterior chamber depth (b2 =0.724,β32 =0.296,P =0.030).No significant correlation was found between corneal curvature radius and horizontal angle Kappa (b3 =-0.232,β3 =-0.068,P=0.338).A new regression equation was Y =14.235-0.622X1 + 0.824X2 after removed the corneal curvature variable (R =0.786,R2=0.618,P =0.000),with a negative correlation between horizontal angle Kappa and axial length (b1 =-0.622,β1 =-1.062,P＜0.05) or positive correlation between horizontal angle Kappa and the anterior chamber depth (b2 =0.824,β2 =0.337,P＜0.05).In addition,a multiple linear regression equation among 3 independent variables and dependent variable of vertical angle Kappa was Y =0.492-0.020X1 +0.038X2 +0.089X3 (R =0.436,R2 =0.191,P =0.000).However,no significant correlations were seen between vertical angle Kappa and axial length,anterior chamber depth or corneal curvature radius (all at P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Ocular axial length and anterior chamber depth have an obvious influence to horizontal but not vertical angle Kappa.Axial length appears to have more influence to horizontal angle Kappa than anterior chamber depth.

Objective: To detect the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF), type Ⅲ collagen(Ⅲ-col)and fibronectin(FN) in human dental pulp at different root development stages of permanent teeth. Methods: 10 teeth at stage Ri～R 1/4 ,15 at R 1/3 ～R 3/ 4 and 12 at Rc～Ac were sectioned for following examination.bFGF, Ⅲ-col and F N were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by the use of immunohistologica l SP method and image analysis technique. Results: The ex pression of bFGF became gradually weaker and weaker with the development of too th root (P

Objective To discuss and establish a method for screening of the metallo ? lactamase in the clinical microbiology laboratory in order to help choosing antibiotics. Methods The enzyme inhibitor was EDTA.K 2, and the substrate were ceftazidime, cefotaxime. and imipenem. The microbiology sensitivity synergic tests, were processed by KB method in the M H agar. and compared with the PCR results of metallo beta lactamase gene detection. Results The metallo ? lactamase producing bacteria, synergize with EDTA K2 disc at least in one of the three kinds of substrate In 132 of imipenem resistance strains, the metallo ? lactamase positive strains were detected by this method was 88 and that by PCR was 63, respectively. 61 strains were positive detected by the two methods synchronously, as well as 44 strains were negative, 2 strains were positive detected by PCR assay but negative by this method, and, 27 strains were contrary. Conclusion This method was simple, credible and cheap. It was suitable for screening detection of the metallo ? lactamase routinely in the clinical microbiology laboratory.