BACKGROUND: The free border of meniscus is avascular portion, for which, it is not susceptible for the meniscus to be cured naturally after injury. Therefore, it is necessary to induce fibrous tissue healing probably under certain situation.OBJECTIVE: To adopt tissue engineered cartilage and fibrin adhesive to treat meniscus injury in avascular portion and compare the results.DESIGN: Randomized group division and blank control experiment was designed.SETTING: Animal Laboratory of a Shenzhen Second People's Hospital.green-purplish-blue adult rabbits were selected, randomized into 3 groups,12 rabbits in each, named blank control, fibrin adhesive group(FA group)and tissue engineered cartilage group(TE-C group).METHODS: The experiment was performed in Animal Laboratory of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from September 2003 to March 2004.Ten baby rabbits borne in 3 to 5 days were sacrificed to collect fibrochondrocytes for culture so as to prepare tissue engineered cartilage containing 12 × 108 L-1chondrocytes. Thirty-six adult rabbits were prepared into the injured model in avascular portion of meniscus (0. 7 × 0. 3) cm with full-thickness laceration. In blank control, no any filler was applied for management; in FA group, fibrin adhesive was infused in laceration; and in TE-C group, tissue engineered cartilage was infused in laceration. Four animals of each of 3 groups were sacrificed in the 2nd, 6th and 12th weeks after operation. Eight menisci were collected in each group each time for gross morphological observation and histological examination.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gross morphological observation and histological examination in injured meniscus model of rabbit.logical observation in injured meniscus model of rabbit: In blank control, the splits in meniscus were not been healed and tissue filler was not apparent. In FA and TE-C groups, the splits had been filled up with tissue fillers comblank control, 2 to 12 weeks after operation, there was chondrocyte proliferation presented on the border of splits. In FA group, 12 weeks after operation, on the defect border, there were many fibroblastic cells that closely adhered to adjacent tissue, resulting in scar tissue healing. In TE-C group,12 weeks after operation, cartilage cavities and capsule were apparent in the defect and chondrocftes were in cell condensation.CONCLUSION: Tissue engineered cartilage is survived in the acceptors, resulting in fibrocartilaginous healing and specific biological label of chondrocytes. But the remarkable difference presents in collagen arrangement among the repaired tissue, adjacent normal meniscus tissue and normal cartilage.

Objective To discuss the strategies for diagnosis and treatment of severe pelvic fracture. Methods 38 patients with severe fracture of pelvis circle and different complications were studied in this paper from May, 1997 to June, 2005. 28 cases underwent emergency treatment for shock, 31 cases had internal fixation, and 14 cases received operative procedures for their complications. Results All the 38 cases survived. The integrity of the pelvic circle was restored in patients with unstable pelvic fracture. Most of the patients were back to their former work. Conclusions In treatment of severe pelvic fractures, the hemorrhagic shock and other complications endangering life should be promptly treated, and restoration of the integrity of the pelvic circle is the most important step.

Objective To report the clinic experience of tr eatment of severe pelvic fracture in order to improve the early diagnosis and operation of the injury.Methods We retrospectively studied the clin ic data of106patients admitted to our hospita l for severe pelvic fracture from Apr il 1994to May 2002.Results The main causes for pelvic fracture were traffic accident injury(69cases,65.1%)and falling accident injury(31cases,29.3%).87cases were in the survival group,and 19cases in the death group,with t he mortality of about 17.9%.In the death group,10di ed from hemorrhagic shock,4of severe cerebral injury,3from MOF,and 2from ARDS.32cases with pelvic f ractures were treated by opening red uction and internal fixation,91.7%of which achieved good results.Conclusion In the treatment of severe pelvic fra ctures,prehospital emergency care is very important.Complicated severe injuries should be treated pr omptly and pelvic fractures be fixed with internal fixation as soon as possibl e.

Objective To explore the value of echocardiography in patients with aortic stenosis who underwent transapical aortic valve implantation (TAAVI).Methods Fifteen high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis were chosen in the present study,all of which received TAAVI in Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from June 2014 to March 2015.The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD),left atrial diameter (LAD),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),effective orifice area (EOA),mean aortic pressure gradient (MPG),as well as artificial valve function of patients were measured at different time points (before operation,discharge,1 month and 3-6 months after operation) by echocardiography.The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA analysis with SPSS software,and multiple comparisons were done using LSD student t test.Results The data from preoperative echocardiography indicated severe aortic stenosis in the 15 patients,with the average level of EOA as (0.55± 0.28) cm2 and MPG as (58.93± 14.96) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).Moderate paravalvular aortic regurgitation was observed in one patients,who was then received a second implantation.There was no significant difference between LVEDD,LAD,and LVEF when the patients were at discharge,1 month and 3-6 months after operation.The prosthetic valves were stable and conformed by echocardiography,while paravalvular leak regurgitation (1-2 mm) was observed in 7 patients.One patient died of other reasons.Compared with preoperative data,the EOA increased while MPG decreased when the patients were at discharge,1 month and 3-6 month after operation (t=6.619,7.357,6.401,all P ＜ 0.001;t=9.523,9.687,5.932,all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion With careful patient screening and selection,TAAVI can be an effective treatment for high-risk severe aortic stenosis patients,in which echocardiography plays an important role during the surgery and follow up.

Objective To explore the value and methods of echocardiographic application in percutaneous left atrial appendage(LAA) closure for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.Methods 6 male patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were enrolled for percutaneous LAA closure,the mean age was (68.7 ± 5.6) years old,the mean CHADS2 (congestive heart failure,hypertension,age≥75 years,diabetes mellitus,and prior stroke or transient ischemic attacks) score was 3.2 ± 1.0.Rheumatic valvular diseases were excluded by transthoracic eehocardiography(TTE) before closure procedure.Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) was performed to guide the punctures of the atrial septum and then monitored the operation all through the closure procedure.Diameter of LAA orifice was measure by TEE to help choosing the closure device.Immediate results of closure and complications were inspected by TEE simultaneously.24 hours,7 days,3 months,6 months and 1 year follow-up were performed using TTE.Results All the 6 patients underwent LAA closure successfully.3 LAmbre(Lifetech Scientific,Shenzhen) devices and 3 Watchman(Boston Scientific,Natick,Massachusetts) devices were implanted respectively in the 6 patients.Mean diameter of the LAA orifice was (22.4 ± 3.3)mm,and mean size of the closure devices was (28.0 ± 2.9) mm.2 mm in width residual flow at the inferior edge of closure device existed in 1 ease.No complication was observed.Post-procedure 24 hours and 7 days post-procedure followup showed optimal results in all cases.Conclusions Implantation of both LAA closure devices can be performed with high success rates in patients with nonvalvula ratrial fibrillation,with high risk for stroke,and who either had contraindication or were not willing to accept oral antieoagulation.Echocardiography plays a core role all through the closure procedure and can make it safer and more efficient.

Objective To evaluation the diagnostic value of echocardiography in mechanical prosthesis valve dysfunction(MPVD).Methods Fifty-two patients who underwent reoperation due to MPVD were included,and the preoperative,introperative and postoperative results of echocardiography was compared with the results of surgery or pathologic diagnosis.Results The etiology of MPVD based on cardiac surgery was thrombus in 12,fibrous tissue hyperplasia in 23,thrombus and fibrous tissue hyperplasia in 16,lost of mechanical disc in 1.The types of MPVD diagnosed by echocardiography were stenosis in 29,regurgitation in 2,stenosis and regrigitation in 12,intermittent obstruction in 8,and total obstruction in 1.Successful assessment of prosthetic disc by transthoracic echocardiography was 78.4％ and can be improved to 96.1 ％ when combined with transesophageal echocardiography.Complementary message by transesophageal echocardiography were provided in 10 patients and corrective message in 1 patient.No recurrent MPVD was find during the follow-up.Conclusions Echocardiography can be used as the frist choice for the evaluation of the MPVD and can make precise assessment of the abnormal hemodynamic change and state of motion of the valve.

Objective To discuss the effect of cheiloplasty we designed an improved Black procedure that with microsurgical technique the tissue from lateral lips on the bilateral cleft lip were used to reconstruct the skin of anterior lip and the vermilion tubercle. Methods 36 cases of congenital bilateral complete cleft lip deformity were repaired through improved Black procedure and microsurgical method, including 19 patients with very short prolabium tissue, repairing insufficient skin and vermilion tubercle tissue by fissure lateral lip tissue. Results Following-up for 3 months to 3 years after treatment showed that 36 patients were with normal and symmetrical high of anterior lips, the chubby vermilion tubercles, the natural morphous of labial archs, the appropriate strength of labrums and the vermilion tubercles and lips without color difference, and the effects were satisfactory. Conclusion The improved Black procedure redeems the shortages of traditional Black procedure for the case with bilateralcomplete cleft lip and smaller anterior lip, such as the deficient height of anterior lips, eclabium and inadequate vermilion tubercles. By applying microsurgical technique, the procedure gives better upper lip function and aesthetic effect, and therefore it is worthy to be recommended in clinic.

A magnetoelastic Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) wireless sensor was fabricated to detect S.aureus in different liquid medium.After 0.2 mL bacteria with proper concentration was taken into the tes ting cuvette containing 2 mL liquid medium, the resonance frequency of magnetoelastic sensor changed with the bacteria growth.Via changing the concentration of beef extract and peptone, sensor had the most frequen cy response in culture medium CM2-2 incubated with 2 × 10~5 cells/mL S.aureus.The results indicated that this sensor can be used to determine S.aureus concentrations of 3 × 10~3 to 2×10~7 cells/mL in culture medium and 10~4 to 10~7 cells/mL in milk, with the detection limits of 10~3 cells/mL and 104 cells/mL, respectively.The sensor frequency shift was correlated to the logarithmic value of the S.aureus concentration, and the correlation coefficient was 0.98 in milk and 0.99 in culture medium.

BACKGROUND:Ginsenoside can promote wisdom,prevent aging,protect cortical motor neurons,resist cell apoptosis,but the mechanisms are unclear.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 on nerve growth factor expression in Schwann cells.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The in vitro cytological study was performed at the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen City from March to June 2004.MATERIALS:Fresh adult ex vivo nerve was obtained from limbs that were dissociated by trauma and could not be reimplanted at the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen City.Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 was supplied by the Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences.METHODS:Epineurium was removed and cut into 1.0-2.0 mm blocks.Schwann cells were isolated by enzyme digestion.Following removing fibroblasts by double 30-minute differential attachment,Schwann cells with above 95% purity rate were harvested,and then incubated on a 96-well culture plate coated with polylysine (105 cells/well).Schwann cells in the Ginsenoside Rb1 group were subjected to 20 uL of Ginsenoside Rb1 at 10,20,40,60,80 ug.Schwann cells in the Ginsenoside Rg1 group underwent 20 uL of Ginsenoside Rg1 at 10,20,40,60,80 ug.Schwann cells in the control group were treated with 20 uL of phosphate buffered saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Nerve growth factor expression rate was determined in Schwann cells by using flow cytometry.RESULTS:Nerve growth factor expression rate in Schwann cells was significantly increased in the Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenoside Rg1 groups compared with the control group at 48 hours following incubation (P ＜ 0.05),in a dose-dependent fashion.Nerve growth factor expression rate peaked when Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenoside Rg1 were 60 mg/L.No significant difference in nerve growth factor expression rate was detected between the Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenoside Rg1 groups (P ＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 has potential of promoting the recovery of damaged peripheral nerve by increasing Schwann cell producing and secreting nerve growth factor.

Objective To compare the micromeritics properties and external dissolution rates of Sanhuang Powder in different particle sizes;To provide references for its direct use and application as raw materials for TCM preparation.Methods Particle size, bulk density, tap density, angle of repose, and hygroscopicity ofSanhuang micro-powder and common powder were investigated and evaluated. External dissolution rates ofSanhuang micro-powder and common powder were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.Results The flowability of bothSanhuang micro-powder and common powder were not very well. With the sizes decreasing, the hygroscopicity of micro-powder became stronger. The external dissolution ofSanhuang micro-powder was more sufficient and much more quickly than common powder.Conclusion Properties ofSanhuang micro-powder and common powder are obviously different.Sanhuang micro-powder has stronger hygroscopicity and worse flowability compared with common powder. However, external dissolution ofSanhuang micro-powder is more sufficient and much more quickly than common powder. WhenSanhuang micro-powder is used directly and used as raw materials for TCM preparation, much more discretion should be considered.