OBJECTIVE: To provide transnasal endoscopic optic canal decompression with the anatomic reference. METHOD: 15 samples of the adult corpse wet specimen (30 sides for the optic canal) were examined under the endoscope to scrutinize the regional anatomy of the optic canal. RESULT: distance between the spina nasalis anterior and the midpoint of optic canal medial wall is (61.02 +/- 5.83) mm, and the angle between spina nasalis anterior and the midpoint of optic canal medial wall is (45.1 +/- 4.81) degrees. The medial wall of optic canal is longest, with an average length of (11.61 +/- 1.58) mm; the lateral wall of optic canal is thickest, and the medial wall thinnest. 10 traumatic blind patient underwent endoscopic optic canal decompression with satisfactory outcome. CONCLUSION The regional anatomy of the optic canal under endoscope is of importance to endoscopic optic canal decompression. Which is microinvasive with direct approach and clear view thus is widely used in clinical practice.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Blindness ; surgery ; Child ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Optic Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Orbit ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the relationship between orthostatic hypotension (OH) and cognition impairment (CI) in the elderly.Methods Forty-four OH patients who visited our hospital due to dizziness,vertigo and fatigue during January 2009 to December 2011 were enrolled in the exposed group (OH group),and 88 healthy elderly paired in 1:2 were enrolled in the control group (NOH group).The socio-demographic data and cognition-related factors between the two groups were collected at baseline;cognitive function was assessed using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) 4 years after baseline of the present study.Results The overall incidence of CI was 14.0％ among the 114 subjects who completed the follow-up assessment.Significant difference in CI incidence was noted between OH group (23.7％) and NOH group (9.2％,x2=4.399,P=0.036).The analysis by age showed that there was no significant difference in CI incidence between the OH group (15.4％) and NOH group (9.1％) among the elderly younger than 70 years;the CI incidence in OH group (41.7％) was significantly higher than that in NOH group (9.3％) among the elderly older than 70 years (x2=5.935,P=0.016).Conclusion OH is a risk factor of CI among the elderly older than 70 years.