OBJECTIVE:To improve rational drug use level by monitoring prescription evaluation.METHODS:The management,technique,design of indexes and the computation of the indexes,etc.in the prescription evaluation were analyzed and standardized in accordance with Prescription Management Method.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:An effective method and standard of prescription evaluation has been put forward;it is advisable for medical institutions to conduct prescription evaluation based on the actual situation of their own so as to improve rational drug use level.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the quality of the package inserts of oral chemical drugs to lay a foundation for the further standardization of drug package inserts.METHODS:180 package inserts of oral chemical drugs current on market were selected and subjected to inspection in accordance with the Regulatory Guidelines for the Package Inserts of Drugs announced by SFDA as well as other related references to find out the problems existing in the package inserts,and a statistical analysis was conducted on the typical problems.RESULTS:Among the 180 package inserts,109(60.56%)had problems(totaled 167 defects)predominantly in drug name,storage,usage and dosage.CONCLUSION:It is urgent to improve the quality of the package inserts.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the development prospect of the hospital pharmacists in clinical trials and to accumulate experience for the development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS: The current strengths,weakness,opportunities and threats of the hospital pharmacists were systematically analyzed and evaluated with the Porter's five strengths and PSET models;the development strategies were formulated by SWOT matrix. RESULTS: There were not only the apparent strengths and weakness but also the opportunities and threats for hospital pharmacists in clinical trials. CONCLUSION: At present,hospital pharmacists should take advantage of the opportunities of clinical trials market,stick to the aim of the professional development,spare no effort in discipline construction and training of professional talents and establish the space for their development and their indispensable position by giving priority to scientific research with service as target.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regularity and characteristics of moxifloxacin-induced torsade de pointes (TDP), and to provide reference for rational use of drugs. METHODS: A total of 5 reported cases of moxiflixacin-induced TDP in recent 10 years were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 5 cases, 2 cases were male and 3 female with mean age of (81?7) years. 5 patients suffered from organic heart disease. The onset time of TDP by oral administration was later than that by intravenous administration. Mean QTc intervals was (567?35) ms at attach period and the time recovered to base level (18?15) h. Potassium, magnesium, and sodium were kept at normal level at attach period. CONCLUSION: Clinical physicians and pharmacists should pay attention to moxifloxacin-induced TDP.

OBJECTIVE：To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and- concentrations of netilmicin in the blood,exudate and urine in 10patients with burns.METHOD:The pharmacokinetic parameters and concentrations of Netilmicin in the blood,urine and exudate were determined by FPIA.Netilmicin was given at a single-dose of 6mg.kg-1 by intravenous infusion.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters were t1/2=(240.28±109.98) mins,Cls=(0.0973±0.0198)mg.min-1.μg-1.ml-1.The mean blood concentration was (1.56±0.66)μg.ml-1 at 8h after administration.The elimination rates of netilmicin in urine were (73.36±10.04)% and (83.39±9.46)% after 12 h and 24 h respectively. CONCLUSION:Netilmicin(6mg.kg-1)can contre the burn infetion,but the pharmacokinetic parameters are varied in different individuals,the blood concentration must be monitored.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the rationality of the preventive use of antibiotics in Chinese ophthalmologic patients with type Ⅰ incision.METHODS:By means of retrospective study,a total of 1 273 ophthalmologic cases from 113 hospitals of 2006～2007 from National Monitoring Network of Ministry of Health for Clinical Application of Antibiotic with type Ⅰ incision involving preventive administration of antibiotics via different routes were analyzed.RESULTS:The local administration (eye drops and local injection) was rational on the whole,but the systemic administration (intravenous or oral administration) was irrational to some degree in which the drug grade was on the high side,the antibacterial spectrum was inappropriate,and the medication time was delayed.CONCLUSION:Preoperative local administration and rational use of dosage forms should be emphasized in the preventive use of antibiotics for patients undergoing ophthalmologic surgery.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of antiemetics in cancer patients. METHODS:The utilization of antiemetics in cancer outpatients and inpatients from 87 hospitals involved inHospital Prescription Analysisproject during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically by time or by hospital category. RESULTS:14 antiemetics were used in 87 hospitals during 2012-2014. The consumption sum and person number of antiemetics in cancer outpatients were 5763000 yuan and 34000 persons [22000 yuan/(year·hospital),133.1 person/(year·hospital) in average];those of cancer inpatients were 61711000 yuan and 515000 persons [256000 yuan/(year·hospital),2137.9 person/(year·hospital) in average];those of outpatient were lower than those of inpatient. The ratio of consumption sum of antiemetics in cancer outpatients and inpatients were 5.2‰-34.0‰;the ratio of person number ranged 2.9%-10.9%. Those of inpatient were higher than those of outpatient;those of special hospital were higher than those of comprehensive hospital. Main drugs included ondansetron,tropisetron,metoclopramide and palonosetron. CONCLU-SIONS:Antiemetics are frequently used in cancer patients,especially for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and metoclopramide.

Amid the progress of public hospitals reform,the paper probed into the influences and opportunities of the health reform on the development the hospital pharmacy.They discussed the roles of pharmacists in medical service,and recommended on building the pharmaceutical service system in view of the current caliber of the pharmacists.

Objective:To understand the medication safety events about cephalosporin in our hospital in order to provide evidence for the better medication safety of cephalosporin. Methods:Adverse drug reaction ( ADR) reports, medication error ( ME) reports and drug quality problem records about cephalosporin in our hospital were collected and the critical indicators in the reports were analyzed. Re-sults:The ADR reports selected in our hospital were mainly reported by pharmacists. More males were involved in the related patients, and young adults were in the majority. Second and third-generation cephalosporin were the major drugs used in the reports. The damages in skin and its appendages were the major damages in organs. The ME reports selected in our hospital were totally reported by pharma-cists. Errors in frequency and dose of drug administration were the most common, and the main causes were lack of knowledge and train-ing. No serious quality problem in cephalosporin was found in our hospital, and the inner and outer packaging in damaged conditions was the most common problems in our records. Conclusion:Cephalosporin as one widely used antibacterial agent is considered safe and effec-tive. Because of its large amount of application, cephalosporin should be paid more attention by health care professionals. MEs should be avoided as far as possible. ADRs should be treated timely and properly in order to decrease medical disputes. More attention should be paid to ensure security of drug use for patients.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the situation of the minimum sales package unit,and to provide reference for standardiz-ing package. METHODS:According to related regulations of New Edited Materia Medica(17th edition)and package inserts,373 kinds of oral drugs,57 kinds of oral drugs for lowering blood glucose,blood lipid and blood pressure,6 kinds of second kind psy-chotropic oral drugs were analyzed statistically in respect of minimum sales package unit and medication duration. RESULTS:There were 30 kinds of minimum sale package unit for 373 oral drugs,among which common capacity were 20,10,100 grain/tab-let/pill,accounting for 14.21%,14.21%,12.33% respectively,and 57.11% were used within 7 d. There were 13 kinds of mini-mum sale package unit for 57 oral drugs for lowering blood glucose,blood lipid and blood pressure,among which the common ca-pacity were 7,30,14,10 grain/tablet/pill,accounting for 33.34%,14.04%,14.04%,14.04% respectively,and 85.97% were used within 14 d,indicating sales package unit often based on weekly dosage. Among 6 kinds of type Ⅱ psychotropic oral drugs, minimum sales package unit capacity of 3 kinds were all 20 grain/tablet/pill,and those of other 3 kinds were 10,7,6 grain/tablet/pill;one of them were used more than 7 d. CONCLUSIONS:Minimum sales package unit is confirmed discretionarily. It is sug-gested that minimum sale package unit of oral drugs for lowering blood glucose,blood lipid and blood pressure should be packaged according to the dosage of 2 weeks to one nonth;the capacity of type Ⅱ psychotropic oral drugs is lower than the dosage of 7 days,and daily dose package is the best.