OBJECTIVE:To improve rational drug use level by monitoring prescription evaluation.METHODS:The management,technique,design of indexes and the computation of the indexes,etc.in the prescription evaluation were analyzed and standardized in accordance with Prescription Management Method.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:An effective method and standard of prescription evaluation has been put forward;it is advisable for medical institutions to conduct prescription evaluation based on the actual situation of their own so as to improve rational drug use level.

OBJECTIVE：To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and- concentrations of netilmicin in the blood,exudate and urine in 10patients with burns.METHOD:The pharmacokinetic parameters and concentrations of Netilmicin in the blood,urine and exudate were determined by FPIA.Netilmicin was given at a single-dose of 6mg.kg-1 by intravenous infusion.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters were t1/2=(240.28±109.98) mins,Cls=(0.0973±0.0198)mg.min-1.μg-1.ml-1.The mean blood concentration was (1.56±0.66)μg.ml-1 at 8h after administration.The elimination rates of netilmicin in urine were (73.36±10.04)% and (83.39±9.46)% after 12 h and 24 h respectively. CONCLUSION:Netilmicin(6mg.kg-1)can contre the burn infetion,but the pharmacokinetic parameters are varied in different individuals,the blood concentration must be monitored.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the quality of the package inserts of oral chemical drugs to lay a foundation for the further standardization of drug package inserts.METHODS:180 package inserts of oral chemical drugs current on market were selected and subjected to inspection in accordance with the Regulatory Guidelines for the Package Inserts of Drugs announced by SFDA as well as other related references to find out the problems existing in the package inserts,and a statistical analysis was conducted on the typical problems.RESULTS:Among the 180 package inserts,109(60.56%)had problems(totaled 167 defects)predominantly in drug name,storage,usage and dosage.CONCLUSION:It is urgent to improve the quality of the package inserts.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the development prospect of the hospital pharmacists in clinical trials and to accumulate experience for the development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS: The current strengths,weakness,opportunities and threats of the hospital pharmacists were systematically analyzed and evaluated with the Porter's five strengths and PSET models;the development strategies were formulated by SWOT matrix. RESULTS: There were not only the apparent strengths and weakness but also the opportunities and threats for hospital pharmacists in clinical trials. CONCLUSION: At present,hospital pharmacists should take advantage of the opportunities of clinical trials market,stick to the aim of the professional development,spare no effort in discipline construction and training of professional talents and establish the space for their development and their indispensable position by giving priority to scientific research with service as target.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regularity and characteristics of moxifloxacin-induced torsade de pointes (TDP), and to provide reference for rational use of drugs. METHODS: A total of 5 reported cases of moxiflixacin-induced TDP in recent 10 years were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 5 cases, 2 cases were male and 3 female with mean age of (81?7) years. 5 patients suffered from organic heart disease. The onset time of TDP by oral administration was later than that by intravenous administration. Mean QTc intervals was (567?35) ms at attach period and the time recovered to base level (18?15) h. Potassium, magnesium, and sodium were kept at normal level at attach period. CONCLUSION: Clinical physicians and pharmacists should pay attention to moxifloxacin-induced TDP.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the rationality of the preventive use of antibiotics in Chinese ophthalmologic patients with type Ⅰ incision.METHODS:By means of retrospective study,a total of 1 273 ophthalmologic cases from 113 hospitals of 2006～2007 from National Monitoring Network of Ministry of Health for Clinical Application of Antibiotic with type Ⅰ incision involving preventive administration of antibiotics via different routes were analyzed.RESULTS:The local administration (eye drops and local injection) was rational on the whole,but the systemic administration (intravenous or oral administration) was irrational to some degree in which the drug grade was on the high side,the antibacterial spectrum was inappropriate,and the medication time was delayed.CONCLUSION:Preoperative local administration and rational use of dosage forms should be emphasized in the preventive use of antibiotics for patients undergoing ophthalmologic surgery.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of antiemetics in cancer patients. METHODS:The utilization of antiemetics in cancer outpatients and inpatients from 87 hospitals involved inHospital Prescription Analysisproject during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically by time or by hospital category. RESULTS:14 antiemetics were used in 87 hospitals during 2012-2014. The consumption sum and person number of antiemetics in cancer outpatients were 5763000 yuan and 34000 persons [22000 yuan/(year·hospital),133.1 person/(year·hospital) in average];those of cancer inpatients were 61711000 yuan and 515000 persons [256000 yuan/(year·hospital),2137.9 person/(year·hospital) in average];those of outpatient were lower than those of inpatient. The ratio of consumption sum of antiemetics in cancer outpatients and inpatients were 5.2‰-34.0‰;the ratio of person number ranged 2.9%-10.9%. Those of inpatient were higher than those of outpatient;those of special hospital were higher than those of comprehensive hospital. Main drugs included ondansetron,tropisetron,metoclopramide and palonosetron. CONCLU-SIONS:Antiemetics are frequently used in cancer patients,especially for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and metoclopramide.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving pharmaceutical consultations and the quality of pharmaceutical care. METHODS:The records of pharmaceutical consultations were collected from medication consultation center of Huilong-guan district in our hospital during Jan. 2014-Dec. 2016,and then summarized in terms of consultants composition,consultation form,consulting contents and drugs consulted,while Pareto Diagram was used to analyze the main and minor factors of consult-ing contents. RESULTS:The medication consultation center provided pharmaceutical consultations 20353 cases during 2014-2016. Main consultants were patients (20039 cases,98.5%). A total of 6307 persons were involved,mostly female (3646 persons,57.8%). Face to face was the most common consulting method (19440 cases,95.5%). There were 13 types of consulting contents,among which usage and dosage and guidance for special formulation use were the main factors,including 10392 cases (51.1%) and 3844 cases (18.9%). Among 20353 cases of pharmaceutical consultations,18874 cases of in-volved drugs,and involved 11 categories,mostly respiratory drugs (11756 cases,62.3%). CONCLUSIONS:Usage and dos-age and guidance for special formulation use are the main contents of pharmaceutical consultations in the hospital district. The services of pharmaceutical consultations for patients,physicians and nurses provided by pharmacists can solve the questions on medications,and can promote rational drug use in clinic.

Objective To evaluate the effect of prescription review on rational clinical use by means of regional data.Methods Analysis of two prescriptions review data of Beijing municipal hospitals,to compare the rational rate of prescriptions,makeup of irrational prescriptions,and effect variations following feedback.Results Of the 21 hospitals involved,the total rational rate of prescriptions rose from 89.4% to 97.1% following prescription review and feedback of results.In the second review,those found of the highest irrational and the most significant improvements were both irrational indications, with the irrational rate dropping from 90.7% to 44.2%. As reported in feedback for the first prescription review,9 out of 10 druguses found as irrational,have disappeared from the second review. Conclusion The regional administrative prescription reviews can improve the rational clinical drug use, encouraging rational drug use.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the situation of the minimum sales package unit,and to provide reference for standardiz-ing package. METHODS:According to related regulations of New Edited Materia Medica(17th edition)and package inserts,373 kinds of oral drugs,57 kinds of oral drugs for lowering blood glucose,blood lipid and blood pressure,6 kinds of second kind psy-chotropic oral drugs were analyzed statistically in respect of minimum sales package unit and medication duration. RESULTS:There were 30 kinds of minimum sale package unit for 373 oral drugs,among which common capacity were 20,10,100 grain/tab-let/pill,accounting for 14.21%,14.21%,12.33% respectively,and 57.11% were used within 7 d. There were 13 kinds of mini-mum sale package unit for 57 oral drugs for lowering blood glucose,blood lipid and blood pressure,among which the common ca-pacity were 7,30,14,10 grain/tablet/pill,accounting for 33.34%,14.04%,14.04%,14.04% respectively,and 85.97% were used within 14 d,indicating sales package unit often based on weekly dosage. Among 6 kinds of type Ⅱ psychotropic oral drugs, minimum sales package unit capacity of 3 kinds were all 20 grain/tablet/pill,and those of other 3 kinds were 10,7,6 grain/tablet/pill;one of them were used more than 7 d. CONCLUSIONS:Minimum sales package unit is confirmed discretionarily. It is sug-gested that minimum sale package unit of oral drugs for lowering blood glucose,blood lipid and blood pressure should be packaged according to the dosage of 2 weeks to one nonth;the capacity of type Ⅱ psychotropic oral drugs is lower than the dosage of 7 days,and daily dose package is the best.