BACKGROUND: A left-to-right shunting animal model is needed to study chronic pulmonary vascular remodeling of congenital heart attachment disease in adult.OBJECTIVE: To observe the characteristics of chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension in rat models subjected to left-to-right shunting.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized controlled animal modeling observation was performed in Experimental Animal Center, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from April 2008 to April 2009.MATERIALS: A total of 80 male inbred line healthy SD rats of specified-pathogens free class, 4 weeks old, weighing 95-110 g, were randomly assigned into control group (n=40) and shunt operation group (n=40). A shrinking polyethylene blood vessel connector (proximal part inner diameter was 0.6 mm and outer diameter was 0.8 mm, while distal part's was 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively, 1.6 mm long), was applied.METHODS: Shunt operation group underwent left-to-right shunting through right common carotid artery and external jugular vein connected by shrinking polyethylene blood vessel connector. Control group underwent sham operation. At 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks postoperation, ten models were determined with a series in procedures: hemodynamics detection, pathological sample preparation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, imaging analysis and so on.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy index of right ventricle to left ventricle plus interventricular septum, and relative medial wall thickness in moderate sized pulmonary arteries in rats of shunt group and control group.RESULTS: All animal were survived. The pulmonary blood flow in shunt group was significantly higher than control groups (P<0.01). Compared with control group, right ventricular systolic pressure elevated obviously and right ventricular hypertrophy index were significantly higher in shunt group at 12 and 16 weeks (P<0.01). Compared with control group, the relative medial wall thickness in pulmonary arteries also elevated obviously in shunt group at 12 and 16 weeks (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Left-to-right continuous low-flow shunt in rats can induced right ventricle accommodated with the change of right ventricular systolic pressure and promote chronic pulmonary arterial remodeling continuously. The procedure of establishing left-to-right shunting models with common carotid artery and external jugular vein connection, is a stable tool for studying chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by low flow.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR) are ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors which regulate the expression of many genes.Numbers of researchs indicate PPAR exert anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory singal transcription passage such as NF-?B,AP-1,STAT,meanwhile preserve from acute lung injury.This review will focus on structure of PPAR and their ligand and activity regulation and antiinflammation mechanism of action and protection to acute lung injury.

Because of the unique molecular structure and stable performance of yolk immunoglobulin ( IgY) , it has been a hot spot in the field of antibody research.As a new type of vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine has more advantages than most traditional vaccines, such as production cost, immunizing dose and immune protection.The approach combining the advantages of nucleic acid vaccine and IgY production in egg yolk and suck IgY has wide scope of application.In this re-view, we introduce a quick and inexpensive production method of IgY, namely, IgY produced by nucleic acid vaccine im-munization.

Objective To establish multiple‐locus variable‐number tandem repeat assay(MLVA) genotyping database for clinical isolates of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in Kunming area and analyse the prevalence status of MRSA in hos‐pital ,through establishing a classification method for MRSA by homology MLVA which was appropriate to routine application in clinical laboratory .Methods A total of 111 strains of MRSA isolated by the Clinical Microbiology Chamber of the First People′s Hospital of Kunming City from October 2010 to December 2013 were collected .The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification and electrophoresis for analysis of PCR products were carried out for the seven sites of variable number tandem repeats(VNTR) , classification of strain based on genotypes was carried out ,as well .Results The sequencing results of VNTR09‐01 site showed 9 bp repetitive sequence elements whose regularity was not strong ,and the repetitive elements was mutable .The 111 isolates were divid‐ed into 25 kinds of genotypes(A -Y) ,among which genotype G ,A and B were the main types ,accounted for 47 .7% ,13 .5% and 8 .1% respectively .Conclusion MLVA could be generally applied in the seven sites of VNTR in this study .Some departments might exit concentrated epidemic of homologous MRSA strains ,which is worthy of being paid more attention .

Lung cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors. Target therapy is a milestone of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment in the 21st century. Biomarker detections have provided a solid foundation for individualized treatment. This review mainly focused on significance of EGFR mutation detection in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) as first line, second line and maintenance therapy in NSCLC. Simultaneously, this review introduced predicting significance of EGFR FISH test for the response of TKI treatment, and analyzed potential predictive biomarkers for antiangiogenic agents and status of antiEGFR monoclonal antibody in NSCLC individual therapy.

OBJECTIVE:To study the distribution characteristics and drug-resistance of the clinically isolated pseu-domonas aeruginosa in our hospital from Jan.2004to Aug.2005for the reference of clinics.METHODS:Different kinds of specimen for detection taken from the inpatients of our hospital were isolated and cultured,identification of strains was carried out by the conventional biochemical assay and susceptibility test was done by Kirby-Bauer method.RESULT:Of the total156pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated,64.74%were from the specimen of phlegm,followed by purulence surface of the wound at22.44%;In terms of its distribution in hospital departments,leading the list were neurosurgery,burn department and surgery,occupying34.62%,21.79%and16.03%,respectively.Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to many antibiotics like cefazolin,furadantin,bactrim,etc.CONCLUSION:The choice of anti-pseudomonas aeruginosa infection drugs should be based on its drug susceptibility,which should be under frequent monitoring.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family.They have been implicated as important regulators of various physiological processes,such as lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and inflammation.This article reviews the structure of PPARs,their activity regulation and ligands and their correlation with lung diseases.

Objective To study the purification, concentration and drying technology of Fushubao gel. Methods The purification technology of Fushubao gel was optimizing by the total retention rate of Rhein, emodin, physcion and purity of content. The concentration, drying technology of Fushubao gel was optimized by the transfering rate of Rhein, emodin, physcion and Berberine hydrochloride. Results Best refining technology included in the condition of the water extract of 0.2 g/ml at 70 ℃, the ZTC1+1-II clarifying agent B 0.6 ml/g was mixed10 min in a 70 ℃ water bath thermal insulation 30 min; And then agent A 0.3 ml/g was added and mixed 10 min in a 70 water bath thermal insulation 30 min; after 12 h, filter it. Best thickening, drying technology was in the vacuum for -0.08~-0.09 MPa, a temperature of 60 ℃, the pressure was reduced to concentrate its relative density about 1.05 and concentrated liquid spray was dryed. Conclusions The purification, concentration and drying technology of Fushubao gel is reasonable, and can be used in the production.

Objective To investigate the etiology and novel treatment of plasma cell mastitis (PCM).Methods 145 cases of PCM undergoing massage dredge,ductal lavage and local amalgesic injection from Jan.2011 to Dec.2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 145 cases of PCM underwent conservative treatment for 2 to 8 weeks,among whom 128 cases were cured and the other 17 cases underwent surgical treatment for poor outcome.Among the 128 cases undergoing conservative treatment,9 cases had relapse during the follow-up of 12 to 36 months.Conclusions The combined treatment of massage dredge,ductal lavage and partial closed treatment is effective for patients with PCM,and it can keep patients from having mastectomy and reduce the recurrent rate.

Objective To observe the feasibility and efficacy of small-incision high-ligation of great saphenous vein combined with endovascular microwave coagulation plus local injection of lauromacrogol for varicose veins of lower limbs . Methods From October 2012 to October 2013, there were 60 patients (70 legs) treated by high-ligation of the great saphenous vein , during which endovascular microwave coagulation was performed by using radiator and an additional injection of sclerotherapy at local tortuous vessels was carried out ( observation group ) .The control group ( between August 2011 and September 2012 ) underwent the traditional saphenous vein ligation plus superficial vein stripping surgery .The operation time , blood loss during operation , number of incisions , length of groin incision , and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups . Results As compared with the control group , the observation group had singnificantly shorter operative time , fewer blood loss , fewer surgical incisions , and shorter groin incision, respectively [(50.8 ±2.6) min vs.(103.5 ±16.0) min, t=-25.183, P=0.000;(43.2 ±4.6) ml vs.(107.5 ± 35.2) ml, t=-14.030, P=0.000;2.2 ±0.7 vs.6.3 ±2.5, t=-12.233, P=0.000;(2.3 ±0.3) cm vs.(4.8 ±0.3) cm, t=-17.697, P=0.000].There was no significant difference in complications rates between the two groups : local skin numbness occurred in 40 cases in the observation group and in 38 cases in the control group (χ2 =0.147, P =0.702 ) and subcutaneous congestion was noted in 4 cases in the observation group and in 9 cases in the control group (χ2 =2.157, P=0.142). Conclusion Small-incision high-ligation of the great saphenous vein combined with endovascular microwave coagulation plus local injection of lauromacrogol for varicose veins of lower limbs has advantages of minimal invasion , good cosmetic outcomes , quick recovery , high efficacy, fewer complications , and easy performance .