Objective:To summarize the notice of informed consent about gene information detection,and to provide a reference for ethical review of informed consent in clinical research involved gene information detection.Methods:We researched domestic and foreign literatures about gene information detection involved informed consent and comprehensively analyzed them.Results:Gene information detection caused the individual,family,and social aspects of privacy issues,and the right not to know gene information detection had been widely recognized.Informed consent was adopted in informed consent,which not only was respect for personal dignity and autonomy,but also was conducive to the effective use of gene resources.It should construct reasonable procedural system in le gal protection,guarantee the voluntary and authenticity of consent,and put it into practice.Based on the establishment of the right not to know,the Chinese law should also prohibit the implementation of gene detection or provision of gene information put forward by employers and insurance companies.In addition,it is strictly prohibited to detect infant incurable disease genes.Conclusion:In the ethical review of clinical research,when the conflict arises,it is necessary to design informed consent to resolve the conflict between the individuals' rights not to know and their personal health benefits,and to establish reasonable procedures in legislation to ensure the implementation of informed consent.

Objective The aim of present study was to observe the correlation between flagellin and tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF-?)in rats with sepsis-induced acute lung injury(ALI).Methods A total of 120 male healthy Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups:sepsis group which was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP),and sham operated group which underwent laparotomy only.All the indexes were observed at the time points of 2h,4h,6h,12h,24h and 48h after operation.Changes in partial pressure of oxygen in artery(PaO2)were determined by blood gas analysis.Pathological changes in pulmonary-tissue were observed by light microscopy.The levels of flagellin in serum,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pneumono-homogenate,as well as TNF-? of serum,were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Rats with acute lung injury induced by sepsis was successfully reproduced.The PaO2 of sepsis group significantly decreased at 12h after injury and reached the lowest point at 48h after injury.PaO2 of sepsis group was remarkably lower than that of sham operated group at the time points of 12h,24h and 48h after injury(P

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the variance of antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella.spp isolated in our hospital during the recent 5 years.METHODS:Disk diffusion test was used to study the anti microbial resistance.The results were evaluated based on the criteria recommended by American Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.The data analysis was performed using WHONET-5software.RESULTS:Atotal of 840 strains of Klebsiella.spp were collected fromour hospital during2003～2007,of which,59.3% were fromrespiratory secretion speci men,12.0%fromblood speci men,and10.1% from secretions.The detection rate of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella.spp was from51.0% to65.1%.No I mipenem-and Meropenem-resistant Klebsiella.spp strain was detected.Susceptibility test showed that Klebsiella.spp-producing ESBLs was multiple resistant,and the anti microbial resistance of Klebsiella.spp has increased year on year.CONCLUSION:Monitoring of the drug resistance of Klebsiella.spp should be strengthened.The variation of the anti microbial resistance of Klebsiella.spp should be noted so as to direct rational drug use in the clinic and prevent spreading of drug resistant strains.

Case-based learning model was applied in teaching the course of Clinical Biochem-istry and Diagnosis for postgraduates with professional degree. Dyslipidaemia was chose as teaching content and one distinctly characterized case along with four typical cases were selected. Information of cases and core problems were submitted to students to prepare before the class. In the class, stu-dents were grouped and discussed independently. Students put forward the pathogenesis of the disease and the clinical laboratory test items for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Teachers should adhere to the following principles: making the class student-centered and highlighting consciousness of stu-dents; creating clinical environment to stimulate enthusiasm for learning; problem-oriented and taking capacity building as the priority. After the class, teaching evaluation was designed to promote the con-tinuous improvement of teaching cases.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the distal humerus extremity comminuted fracture treated by double plates through oleeranon osteotomy. Method Twenty-eight patients with humerus extremity comminuted fractures were fixed by double plates through olecranon osteotomy followed by early functional exercise. Results All the cases were followed up 9-31 months. The curative effect was assessed by the method of modified Cassebaum rating system. The operation was excellent in 10 cases, good in 12 cases, fair in 5 cases, bad in 1 case. The excellent and good rate was 78.57%(22/28). Conclusion Treatment of humerus extremity comminuted fractures by double plates through olecranon osteotomy followed by early functional exercise are excellent with satisfactory functional recovery.

To arouse students’autonomous study,a reform was carried out in experimen- tal teaching of preventive medicine. Taking exploratory experiment as a cut-in point,students were free to choose subjects,design blueprint,do spot research and compose papers etc.,which efficiently inspired students’learning interest and exploring spirit,cultivated their creative think-ing and researching ability.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change of the resistance of common pathogenic bacteria isolated in the First Clinical Hospital of Jilin University during the past 5 years to quinolones.METHODS: Disk diffusion test was used to study the susceptibility test,with the results evaluated based on US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI).WHONET-5 software was used to analyze the drug resistance data.RESULTS: During 2003～2007,the detection rates of extended spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella.spp were 43.6%～60.1% and 51.0%～65.1%,respectively;the detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus(MRSCN) were 50.8%～83.3% and 80.0%～81.5%,respectively;the resistance of common pathogenic bacteria to quinolones showed an increasing tendency,much as in MRSA,MRSCN,feces enterococci,Enterococcus faecalis,and Escherichia coli.CONCLUSION: Monitoring of the resistance of common pathogenic bacteria to quinolones should be strengthened.The change of the antimicrobial resistance should be investigated in order to direct rational drug use in the clinic and prevent the propagation of drug-resistant strains.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of volatile oil from flower of Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lind1. Methods: The chemical compositions of volatile oil of the plant which were obtained by steam distillation with hexane were analyzed by GC-MS equipped with a elastic quartz capillary column-HP-5MS5% Phenyl Methyl Siloxane (30 m? 0.25 mm ?0.25 ?m). The constituents were identifi ed by their mass spectra. The relative percentage of the oil constituents was calculated from the GC peak areas. Results: Eighty-nine kinds of chemical constituents in Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lind1.flower were separated; of which fifty-nine compounds representing 76.51% of the oil were characterized. Relative contents that were more than 2.0% were determined as Nonanal 9.21%, Eudesma-5,11-dien-8,12-olide 5.55%, (E)-2-Decenal 4.63%, 2,3-Dehydro- 1,8-cineole 4.39%, Pentacosane 4.03%,?-Cedrol 3.69%, Isoalantolactone 3.65%, (E)-2-Heptenal 3.60%, E,E-2,4-Decadienal 2.14%,?-Phorone 2.03%.Conclusion: This paper reports, for the first time, the composition of volatile oils of Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lind1.flower by GC/MS.

Objective To explore the cardiovascular risk factors and clinical features of coronary lesions in male patients with premature coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods A total of 448 male patients with CAD confirmed by angiography were divided into two groups by age: premature CAD(n=145,

Objective To explore the clinical value of radiological equipment for injury treatment in earthquake. Methods s One hundred and forty-three cases of the injury in earthquake using radiological equipment were analyzed retrospectively. Resultss All of the cases were performed X-ray plain film examination, CT in 78 cases and MRI in 19 cases. Imaging examination could establish definitive diagnosis in 143 cases of the injury in earthquake. Conclusion Radiological equipment is the most valuable examination equipment in diagnosis of the injury in earthquake.