A free space condition for the microwave radiation field for research will be needed, but different application microwave rields are not easy to satisfy this condition for the existence of interfaces of different medium. In the research, metal materials, insulator materials and ground materials are used as base-material to examine their effects upon the distribution of microwave field. Some rules are discovered.

Objective To explore the rule of energy distribution on the interfaces between lamellar materials,especially the dependence upon the radiating directions for a microwave(MW) radiation and to get some experimental evidences for further research of the shielding and protective mechanism of biological effects of MW.Methods Some MW shielding lamellar materials elaborately chosen,including fiber & metal wires intertexture,MW exposure suit materials by chemical treatment,nano-carbon coated metal sheets and fresh pigskin treated as biological tissue material,were exposed to the defined frequency(9.3 GHz) MW field and the characteristics of MW interfacial reactions upon the materials were detected by a micro-spectrometer.Results The fiber & insulated metal wires intertexture did not possess obvious MW-shielding function.The MW exposure suit materials by chemical treatment were strong reflecting type MW-shielding materials.The nano-carbon coated metal sheets had a "transparent window" for a rather wide range of MW incidence angles and so were used as MW secret materials.As biological tissue material,the fresh pigskin treated was identified as a kind of complex MW absorbing and reflecting material.Otherwise,the interaction between MW and biological material interfaces might vary regularly as the change in water-content occurred by the MW heating effect.Conclusion Although all the kinds of experimental samples exhibited the coherence with the reflection law to MW sheaf,there was plenty of significant diversity in detail nearby the MW reflecting region.The experimental evidence might be of characteristic classification for interaction between MW directional radiation and different material interfaces.Otherwise,as skin tissues absorb microwave rather sharply in little incident angles,this part of radiations should be considered more in the protective mechanism of MW.

Thermometry of body by a contact temperature or thermal imaging analysis by infrared radiation (IR)is a routine method in clinical application. Twelve cerebrovascular disease patients and some patients who suffered from joint inflammation,nerve inflammation were examined.The result made clear that the method and the instrument is adaptable to simple and reliable thermal diagnosis for the discovery and premonition of different kinds of diseases and their course and tendency.

Objective To establish a biological model with nanostructure and to investigate the characteristics of the thermal conduction by radio frequency electromagnetic radiation upon the model for the exploration of the possible mechanism of microwave non thermal effect. Methods The prepared nanogold labeled RNase S sample was analyzed by routine hydrolytic ability of poly c and CD spectroscopy. After confirmation of the successful recombination of the enzymatic structure and the recovery of the enzyme activity, thermal effects of RF on the sample, water and air were compared. Results The biological model designed and prepared by us satisfactorily simulated the native RNase A in both recovery of enzyme activity and conformation. Air sample in air bathing possessed an exponent decreasing function for thermal dispersion and an exponent increasing function for RF thermal effect. The redistilled water sample had a linear increasing function for RF thermal effect. Meanwhile, nanogold labeled RNase S in water bathing kept constant for RF thermal effect. Conclusion Micro eddy current local heating might occur in microstructure consisting of nanometal cluster. A biological macromolecule with nanostructure, acting as a source of thermal radiation and conduction, might resonantly interact with some changeable domains nearby, so the biological model keeps isothermal during RF heating. This may be a possible mechanism of nonthermal effect for microwave and other physical factors.

Critical thinking is one of the core professional competences for medical students.The ultimate goal of critical thinking is to combine the highly individualized experience and comprehension with the generally applicable scientific cognitive system.Therefore in medical education,the cultivation of critical thinking should embody the objective and the characteristics of critical thinking,such as rational restriction,dialectical thinking,empathy practice and scientific evaluation,and great attention to the principles and conditions of the application must be given.In the course of teaching design and implementation it's necessary to choose the appropriate point,to set up the teaching situation suitable for developing critical thinking,to optimize the structure of teaching content,to strengthen the practice of critical thinking methodology and to value "asking questions" and so on.