Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),a transcription factor,which widely exists in neuron,neuroglial cell and vascular endothelial cell.It mainly participates in the inflammatory reaction,apoptosis,immunological reaction and other stress reaction of the body.It is considered as an initiation factot of vascular endothelial cell injury.Cytokines.such as tumor necrosis factor-α may promote the inflammatory cascade reaction in cerebral infarction,and may also play an important role in cerebral ischemic injury.

0.05).The expression began to increase around the infarction at 12h reperfusion,it reached the peak at the 3th day in the boundary zone and then it gradually decreased.Conclusion The overexpression of IL 6 played an important role in the course of cerebral ischemic reperfusion, and could damage the brain tissue.

Objective To assess the effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and bipolar cord coagulation (BCC) on the prognosis and complication rate of complicated monochorionic twins.Methods A retrospective review was undertaken in 58 cases of complicated monochorionic twins treated with RFA or BCC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University,from January 2008 to August 2013.Non-parametric Wilcoxon test,Chi-square test,Fisher exact test or multi-variant Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results Indications for selective termination in the 58 cases were:twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence in 12,severe twin to twin transfusion syndrome in 28,discordance of fetal anomalies in 10,selective intrauterine growth restriction in 7 and twin anemia-polycythemia sequence in 1.Forty-three cases were managed with BCC and 15 with RFA.Preterm labor was more common in the BCC group than in the RFA group [86.0％(37/43) vs 9/15,respectively; x2=4.598,P=0.032).Premature rupture of the membranes occurred in 48.8％(27/43) of the BCC group vs.4/15 of the RFA group (x2=2.229,P=0.135).The median procedure-todelivery time was 48 (1-150) days for the BCC group vs.101(14-138) days for the RFA group (Z=-2.245,P=0.025).Overall survival rate was 62.8％(27/43) in the BCC group vs 11/15 in the RFA group (x2=0.547,P=0.460),which was not significantly different.Neurodevelopmental delay was detected in two neonates in BCC group and in one neonate in RFA group.Logistic regression analysis showed that delivery before 28 gestational weeks was an independent risk factor for the poor prognosis of the co-twins (OR=192.720,95％CI:18.610-994.000,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Compared with BCC,RFA does not improve the prognosis of complicated monochorionic twins significantly.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBOP) on brain edema, inflammatory reaction and neuronal cell apoptosis induced by experimental hemorrhage in rats. Method Eighteen male Spraque-Dawley rats, weighing 300 - 350 g,received five successive sessions of HBOP with 3 atmosphere absolute pressure and 100% O2 one hour daily for five successive days, and other eighteen rats received five successive sessions of pretreatment with one atmosphere absolute pressure, air, one hour daily for five successive days. Twenty-four hours after the final pre-conditioning, rats received an infusion of 100 μL autologous blood into the basal ganglion. Seventy-two hours later, rats were sacrificed for brain edema measurements in 12 rats of each group. The histopathological changes around the hematoma were observed microscopically, and the neuronal cell apoptosis was detected by using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) in six rats of each group. Data of brain water content were analyzed by using Stata 7.0 software and statistical analysis was carried out by two-tailed Student t -test. Results Compared with the control group, HBOP significantly attenuated brain edema 72 hours after intra-cerebral hemorrhage in experimental rats (81. 6± 0. 7% vs. 82. 8± 0.9%, P < 0.01). Inflammatory cell infiltration and neuronal cell apoptosis were also significantly decreased in the HBOP group. Conclusions HBOP protects the rats against brain edema formation, and quells inflammatory reaction and neuronal cell apoptosis following intra-cerebral hemorrhage in experimental rats.

Tryptanthrin is a kind of indole quinazoline alkaloid.In this review,recently reported research progresses of tryptanthrin on extraction,systhesis and pharmalogical action have been mainly summarized.The effect of tryptanthrin on antimicrobial,antiinflammatory and antitumor activities has been found,showing its good application and development perspective.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different cyclic strengths on expressions of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX) in human tenocytes.MethodsHuman tenocytes were uniaxially stretched with different stretching intensity (4％, 8％ and 12％) under 0.5 Hz for four hours.Non-stretched tenocytes were applied to the control group.The expressions of cytosolic PLA2(cPLA2), COX1 and COX2 were measured by Western blot and RT-PCR.The secretion of secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) was measured by ELISA.Results The mRNA expressions of cPLA2, COX1 and COX2 in control group, 4％, 8％ and 12％ stretch groups showed an increase trend.But protein expressions of cPLA2 and COX1 in 4％ stretch group were increased insignificantly compared with the control group (P ＞ 0.05).Protein expressions of cPLA2 and COX1 in 8％ and 12％ stretch groups were increased more significantly compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The COX2 expression in 4％,8％ and 12％ stretch groups showed statistical difference compared with that in the control group (P ＜0.01) and the difference increased with stretch intensity.There was no different expression of sPLA2 between 4％ stretch group and control group (P = 0.260).However, expression of sPLA2 was increased markedly in 8％ and 12％ stretch groups (P ＜ 0.01).ConclusionsThe expressions of human tendnocytes PLA2, COX1 and COX2 in vitro are positively correlated with stretch intensity.PLA2/COX system may be a new molecule target in clinical treatment of tendinopathy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical results of minimally invasive ankle arthrodesis with percutaneous cannulated screws.MethodsBetween April 2005 and October 2010, 12 patients with the ankle arthrodesis for unilateral severe arthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence class Ⅲ) were prospectively analyzed, including 2 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, 8 cases of post-traumatic arthritis, and 2 cases of osteoarthritis. There were 7 males and 5 females with an average age of 42.0 years(range, 25-7 1). The average disease duration was 7.3 years (range, 1-21). The anterior median incision of 3.0-5.0 cm was made to explore the ankle joint.The cartilage of tibial-talus joint was completely debrided. Two guide pins were inserted from posterosuperior to anteroinferior, and cannulated screws were implanted to fix ankle joint. All patients were physically examined with an extended protocol of questionnaires and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle and Hindfoot Scales. Ankle fusion in all patients was evaluated by clinical examination, and conventional radiography including anterior-posterior, lateral and mortise views of the ankle. ResultsAll 12 patients were followed up postoperatively for an average of 21.5 months(range, 6-55), and were proved be bone union by clinical examination and radiology with a mean of 13.5 weeks (range, 9-21). The AOFAS rating scale improved from a mean of 42.8±8.6 points at pre-operation to a mean of 66.6±5.4 points at post-operation 6 months,showing significant difference(t=-3.075, P=O.012), and to a mean of 72.3±4.6 at the final follow-up, also showing significant difference with pre-operation (t=-8.595, P=-0.006). There was no infection,local skin necrosis, screw loosing, and so on. ConclusionThe minimally invasive ankle arthrodesis with percutaneous cannulated scews is a recommend procedure, with mini-invasion, short surgery time, high fusion rate, good clinical outcomes, few complications.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical results of peroneal tendon insertion and reconstruction with suture anchors in the treatment of avulsion fractures of the fifth metatarsal base.Methods Five patients (three males and two females) with the fifth metatarsal base fractures were in zone 1, with average seven days of duration before surgery. The result of radiological examination confirmed that all fractures were in zone 1 of the fifth metatarsal base, with some small, comminuted and obviously displaced pieces. After removal of the small comminuted fracture pieces, the peroneal tendon insertion was dissociated and sutured to the fifth metatarsal base by suture anchors (5 mm in diameter) with line. The feet were immobilized by plaster in the vagus position. The patients began to walk with weightbearing six weeks after operation. Results All patients were followed up for at least six months, which showed no deformity of the feet. The function of forefoot valgus and abduction restored to normal. There was no any loss in muscle force compared with the normal side. Conclusions Peroneal tendon insertion and reconstruction by suture anchors is very helpful to solve the problem in the fixation of the small fracture fragments. The function of the peroneal tendon recovers very well. The surgery has the advantages of easy manipulation and small area of dissection, without requirement of secondary surgery.

Objective To establish a carotid siphon aneurysm model in dogs in order to test the mechanical features of a newly-designed Willis covered stent-graft and to investigate the histological reaction of the stent-implanted vessel during a follow-up period of 12 months.Methods Twenty-four saccular sidewall aneurysms were surgically created in twelve dogs(group A)and 12 carotid siphon aneurysms in another twelve dogs(group B).A Willis stent-graft was implanted in each aneurysm.Angiography was performed immediately after the procedure and 1,3,6 and 12 months after the implantation to investigate the aneurysm isolation,endoleak,stent angulation,and the patency or restenosis of the parent artery.Light and scanning electronic microscopy were used to identify aneurysmai sac thrombi,intima hyperplasia and endothelial progress of the stent-loaded arterial segment.Results In group B,postoperative immediate angiography demonstrated that two aneurysms had mild endoleak and three stents became angulated.Follow-up exam 12 months after the procedure revealed that all previous endoleaks disappeared,one parent artery became occluded and three parent arteries developed mild stenosis(＜50%).In group A.occlusion of parent artery was seen in one and mild stenosis(＜50%)in 2 cases.Electronic microscopy revealed new intima formation in all stents,and all aneurysmal sacs were filled with thrombi.In group B.the endothelialization process was not completed until 12 months after the stent implantation,and a marked correlation existed between endothelial cell arrangement and the hemodynamic orientation.Conclusion It is feasible to treat carotid-siphon aneurysm in dog with a Willis stent-graft.The complete endothelialization of the covered stent in tortuous vessel takes longer time than that in rather straight vessel.