With the development of space technology,the health risks for astronauts in space have also increased,which has made the application value of telemedicine technology in space exploration more prominent.In the outer space environment,various exogenous and endogenous factors may affect human health in multiple ways.As deep space exploration advances and space technology develops,the risks of astronauts'health issues in space increase,and telemedicine technology has important application value in space exploration,which is related to astronauts'lives,health,and the success of missions.This article summarizes the research progress of telemedicine technology in recent years,analyzes remote medical diagnosis and treatment,intelligent surgical robots,and the application of artificial intelligence,discusses the latest progress in related fields at home and abroad,and provides a reference for the medical support of long-term space flight.

In the field of space exploration,the importance of microorganisms to human health cannot be ignored,and they will play a crucial role in maintaining astronaut health,ensuring habitat sustainability,and ensuring the success of the entire mission.Microorganisms may have negative impacts on space missions,but they also have practical value.This article reviews research progress in recent years on the effects of space environments on microorganisms,the current status of microbial contamination in space environments,detection methods,and the application of microorganisms in the field of space health.It clarifies that research on the impact of microorganisms and microbial ecosystems in space exploration is not only helpful in safeguarding the survival and health of astronauts,but also provides valuable reference for future space exploration projects.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of simulated nitrogen-oxygen saturation exposure at a water depth of 50 m on the expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the external auditory canal (EAC) of rabbits.

METHODSTwo batches of New Zealand rabbits were exposed to nitrogen-oxygen saturated at a water depth of 50 m. After exposure, the epithelial tissue in the EAC was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the changes in expression of inflammatory mediators including IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in the EAC of rabbits were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTSAccording to the result of HE staining, more inflammatory cell infiltration, small vascular congestion, and mucosal edema in the EAC of rabbits were observed in the exposure group than in the control group. Additionally, compared with the control group, the exposure group had increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced expression of IL-10 in the EAC of rabbits according to the result of real-time PCR.

CONCLUSIONThe nitrogen-oxygen saturation exposure at a water depth of 50 m can cause inflammatory injuries in the EAC of rabbits. The mechanism may be associated with increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced expression of IL-10.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ear Canal ; physiopathology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Inflammation Mediators ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Nitrogen ; adverse effects ; Oxygen ; adverse effects ; Rabbits ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; Water ; adverse effects

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.