Objective To investigate the effect and prognosis of intensive insulin therapy on cerebral infarction combined with hyperglycemia.Methods Seventy cases of cerebral infarction combined with hyperglycemia were divided into two groups by random number table method.Thirty-five cases in control group,were treated with insulin,and the blood glucose was controlled ＜ 11.1 mmol/L; 35 cases in intensive group,were treated by insulin pump,and the blood glucose was controlled in 4.4-8.3 mmol/L.The degree of neurological damage and improvement of daily life in two groups before and after treatment was compared by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale(mRS) scores.Insulin dosage,the time for reaching the standard,incidence of hypoglycemia,pulmonary infection rate and fatality rate was recorded in two groups.Results The NIHSS and mRS scores between two groups before treatment had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05),and after 30 d treatment,the NIHSS and mRS scores in control group [(8.29 ±2.74),(2.96 ±0.74) scores] and intensive group [(6.83 ±3.16),(2.02 ±0.62) scores] were obviously improved compared with those before treatment,and the improvement in intensive group was better than that in control group (P＜ 0.05).In intensive group,the insulin dosage and the time for reaching the standard was less than that in control group [(36.40 ± 6.91) U/d vs.(51.70 ± 9.86) U/d,(4.30 ± 0.87)d vs.(6.60 ± 1.24) d],incidence of hypoglycemia and fatality rate was lower than that in control group[5.7％ (2/35) vs.25.7％ (9/35),0 vs.8.6％ (3/35)],the difference was statisticly significant (P ＜ 0.05),but the pulmonary infection rate between two groups had no statisticly difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The curative effect of intensive insulin therapy on cerebral infarction combined with hyperglycemia is better,and is helpful to the neural functional recovery.

Objective To analyze the effect of blood glucose control level on prognosis in cerebral infarction with stress hyperglycemia.Methods Ninety-two cases of new cerebral infarction within 24 h with stress hyperglycemia were divided into control group (46 cases) and observation group (46 cases).The blood glucose was controlled in 4.0-6.0 mmol/L in control group and 6.1-8.3 mmol/L in observation group.The hypoglycemia rate,infection rate,fatality rate,NIHSS score and Barthel score was observed in two groups.Results In control group,there were 14 cases cured,19 cases significantly improved,12 cases improved and 1 case invalid,while in observation group,there were 11,17,15,3 cases respectively,and the difference was not statisticly significant (P ＞ 0.05).The hypoglycemia rate,infection rate,fatality rate was 19.6％(9/46),10.9％(5/46) and 2.2％(1/46) respectively in control group,while in observation group was 4.3％ (2/46),15.2％ (7/46) and 4.3％ (2/46) respectively.The hypoglycemia rate was different between two groups(P ＜ 0.05),but the infection rate and fatality rate was not statistic difference between two groups(P ＞0.05).The NIHSS and Barthel score was not different between two groups before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).In control group the NIHSS after 1 week and 30 days after treatment and Barthel score 30 days after treatment was (15.47 ± 7.78),(9.85 ± 6.47),(67.18 ± 20.24) scores respectively,in observed group was (16.01 ±7.49),(10.17 ±5.84),(65.82 ± 19.93) scores respectively,which was improved compared with that pretreatment,but there was no significant difference between two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The blood glucose controlled in 6.1-8.3 mmol/L does not increase the infection rate and fatality rate,but can reduce the hypoglycemia rate and promote neural function recovery in cerebral infarction with stress hyperglycemia.

This article expounds the formation,connotation and development of the etiology theory in TCM.By analyzing the deficiency of the existent etiology theory in TCM,we proposed that the essence of the etiology theory in TCM should be studied based on the concept of unification of human and nature.With the guidance of the concept of unification of human and nature,the etiology theory in TCM could be formed an integrated theory.The classification of etiology in TCM which includes basic etiology,secondum etiology and developing etiology was proposed,which makes the etiology theory system in TCM more scientific and logical.

0.05).But in the reported 6 groups patients,the fatality rate in 5 groups was higher that in the 16 patients,and the difference(P

Objective:To observe the curative effect of transfer factor oral solutions as the adjunctive therapy in ederly patients with recurrent respiratory tract infection ( RRTI) . Methods:Totally 74 ederly patients with RRTI were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group randomly. The patients in the two groups were given anti-infection and symptomatic treatment during the acute stage of attack. The patients in the observation group were additionally given transfer factor oral solutions 10ml, po, tid for 3 months. The changes in serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM levels in the two groups before and after the medical treat-ment were compared, and the clinical curative effect and adverse drug reactions ( ADR) were observed as well. Results: After the medical treatment, the serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels in the observation group were obviously increased than before (P<0.05), while those in the control group showed no obvious changes (P>0. 05). The total clinical efficiency in the observation group was much higher than that in the control group (P<0. 01). The ADR between the two groups with light symptoms showed no statistical differ-ences (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Transfer factor oral solutions as the adjunctive therapy in ederly patients with RRTI has the favorable clinical curative effect and safety, and the underlying mechanisms may be concerned with the effect of enhancing serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM levels, as well as humoral immune function.

Objectine To study the performance between CR and DR equipments. Methods To compare chest x-ray between the CR and DR equipment. Results The pathological detection with DR equipment is 20% higher than that with CR. Conclusion The quantity of information of DR is higher than CR.

Objective To evaluate the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST-36) and Neiguan (PC6) acupoints on endotoxic shock (ES)-induced myocardial injury in rabbits and the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).Methods Sixty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits,aged 2 months,weighing 1.5-2.0 kg,were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S) ; heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin-Ⅸ (ZnPP-Ⅸ) group (group Z) ; group ES; EA + ES group (group EES); sham EA + ES group (group SEES); EA + ES + ZnPP-Ⅸ group (group EESZ).The rabbits were anesthetized with intravenous 20％ urethane 5 ml/kg.Right common carotid artery was cannulated for BP monitoring.Ear vein was cannulated for drug administration.ES was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 mg/kg injected intravenously in ES,EES,SEES and EESZ groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in S and Z groups.ES was confirmed by decrease in MAP to 75 ％ of the baseline value.ZnPP-Ⅸ 10 μmol/kg (in 1 ml of NaHCO3 50 mmol/L) was injected intraperitoneally at 2 h after LPS or normal saline administration in EESZ and Z groups,while the equal volume of NaHCO3 was injected intraperitoneally in the other groups.In EES and EESZ groups,bilateral 30 min EA stimulation (0.2-0.6 ms,2/100 Hz,2-3 mA) of ST36 and PC6 was performed once a day on days 1-4 before induction of ES and on the day of induction of ES (from the onset of LPS injection until the end of induction of ES).In SEES group,electro-stimulation was performed at the points 0.5 cm lateral to the acupoints of ST36 and PC6 and the method was similar to those previously described in group EES.Blood samples were taken from the right common carotid artery at 6 h after LPS or normal saline administration for measurement of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),creatine kinase (CK),and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels.Then the rabbits were sacrificed by exsanguination,and the myocardial tissues were removed for microscopic examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of HO-1 protein (by Western blot) and mRNA (using fluorescence quantitative PCR) expression.Results Compared with group S,the pathological scores and concentrations of serum TNF-α,CK,and LDH were significantly increased,and the expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in ES,EES,SEES and EESZ groups (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Z (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group ES,the pathological scores and concentrations of serum TNF-α,CK,and LDH were significantly decreased,and the expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group EES (P ＜ 0.05),while no significant change in the parameters mentioned above was found in SEES and EESZ groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group EES,the pathological scores and concentrations of serum TNF-α,CK,and LDH were significantly increased,and the expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in group EESZ (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion EA at ST-36 and PC6 acupoints can attenuate ES-induced myocardial injury in rabbits and upregulation of HO-1 expression and inhibition of inflammatory responses may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the role of ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord in reduction of neuropathic pain (NP) by electro-acupuncture (EA) at Zusanli and Yanglingquan.Methods Fifty male SpragueDawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,in which the intrathecal catheter was successfully placed without complications,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each):sham operation group (S group),chronic constrictive injury (CCI) group,acupuncture at acupoint group (EA group),acupuncture at non-acupoint group (NA-EA group),and ERK inhibitor U0126 group (U0126 group).NP was induced by CCI in groups CCI,EA,NA-EA and U0126.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals.EA (intensity ＜ 1.5 mA,frequency 2Hz) of Zusanli and Yanglingquan lasting 30 min was performed once a day for 6 days starting from 4th day after induction of NP in group EA.EA was performed at the points 5 mm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli and Yanglingquan on the operated side in group NA-EA.Intrathecal U0126 5 μg was started on 4th day after induction of NP twice a day for 6 consecutive days.The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before CCI (T0,baseline) and at days 3,5,7 and 9 after CCI (T1-4).The rats were sacrificed on 10th day after induction of NP and the right lumbar segment (L4-6) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in the spinal cord dorsal horn.Results Compared with group S,MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was significantly shortened,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated in the other 4 groups (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with CCI group,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was significantly prolenged,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was downregulated in EA and U0126 groups (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant change in the parameters mentioned above was found in NA-EA group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with EA group,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was significantly prolonged,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was down-regulated in U0126 group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord is involved in reduction of NP by EA at Zusanli and Yanglingquan.

Objective To evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in patients undergone intravesical chemotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and analyze the correlation of the quality of life and low urinary tract symptoms in this group of patients.Methods 31 male patients and 15 female patients were enrolled from Jan.2012 to Mar.2013.The average age was 54 (35-71) years.Questionnaires of QoL and core lower urinary tract symptom score (CLSS) were given to 46 patients before intravesical chemotherapy and the 1 st,6th month after starting the instillation.Before the instillation,the scores of QoL and CLSS were 55.7±6.2 and 6.5±2.1,respectively,the change of QoL and CLSS were compared to baseline,and then the correlation of the low urinary tract symptoms and quality of life was analyzed.Results At the end of 1st and 6th month,the QoL scores were 74.7±8.1 and 78.5± 10.6.The CLSS scores were 8.9±2.0 and 9.1 ± 1.8,respectively.The differences were significant (P ＜0.05) when compared to the baselines.The areas of working activity and free time were affected much more than other areas,and the scores increased from 8.3±2.1 and 19.2±5.7 to 14.3±5.6 and 23.7±4.2,respectively.The area of free time was found to be associated with local symptoms (r=0.61).Conclusions Intravesical treatment can impair the QoL of patients.Low urinary tract symptom is an important factor and is associated with impairment of QoL,suggesting the relief of local symptoms may improve the overall quality of life.