Objective To investigate the effect and prognosis of intensive insulin therapy on cerebral infarction combined with hyperglycemia.Methods Seventy cases of cerebral infarction combined with hyperglycemia were divided into two groups by random number table method.Thirty-five cases in control group,were treated with insulin,and the blood glucose was controlled ＜ 11.1 mmol/L; 35 cases in intensive group,were treated by insulin pump,and the blood glucose was controlled in 4.4-8.3 mmol/L.The degree of neurological damage and improvement of daily life in two groups before and after treatment was compared by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale(mRS) scores.Insulin dosage,the time for reaching the standard,incidence of hypoglycemia,pulmonary infection rate and fatality rate was recorded in two groups.Results The NIHSS and mRS scores between two groups before treatment had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05),and after 30 d treatment,the NIHSS and mRS scores in control group [(8.29 ±2.74),(2.96 ±0.74) scores] and intensive group [(6.83 ±3.16),(2.02 ±0.62) scores] were obviously improved compared with those before treatment,and the improvement in intensive group was better than that in control group (P＜ 0.05).In intensive group,the insulin dosage and the time for reaching the standard was less than that in control group [(36.40 ± 6.91) U/d vs.(51.70 ± 9.86) U/d,(4.30 ± 0.87)d vs.(6.60 ± 1.24) d],incidence of hypoglycemia and fatality rate was lower than that in control group[5.7％ (2/35) vs.25.7％ (9/35),0 vs.8.6％ (3/35)],the difference was statisticly significant (P ＜ 0.05),but the pulmonary infection rate between two groups had no statisticly difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The curative effect of intensive insulin therapy on cerebral infarction combined with hyperglycemia is better,and is helpful to the neural functional recovery.

Objective To analyze the effect of blood glucose control level on prognosis in cerebral infarction with stress hyperglycemia.Methods Ninety-two cases of new cerebral infarction within 24 h with stress hyperglycemia were divided into control group (46 cases) and observation group (46 cases).The blood glucose was controlled in 4.0-6.0 mmol/L in control group and 6.1-8.3 mmol/L in observation group.The hypoglycemia rate,infection rate,fatality rate,NIHSS score and Barthel score was observed in two groups.Results In control group,there were 14 cases cured,19 cases significantly improved,12 cases improved and 1 case invalid,while in observation group,there were 11,17,15,3 cases respectively,and the difference was not statisticly significant (P ＞ 0.05).The hypoglycemia rate,infection rate,fatality rate was 19.6％(9/46),10.9％(5/46) and 2.2％(1/46) respectively in control group,while in observation group was 4.3％ (2/46),15.2％ (7/46) and 4.3％ (2/46) respectively.The hypoglycemia rate was different between two groups(P ＜ 0.05),but the infection rate and fatality rate was not statistic difference between two groups(P ＞0.05).The NIHSS and Barthel score was not different between two groups before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).In control group the NIHSS after 1 week and 30 days after treatment and Barthel score 30 days after treatment was (15.47 ± 7.78),(9.85 ± 6.47),(67.18 ± 20.24) scores respectively,in observed group was (16.01 ±7.49),(10.17 ±5.84),(65.82 ± 19.93) scores respectively,which was improved compared with that pretreatment,but there was no significant difference between two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The blood glucose controlled in 6.1-8.3 mmol/L does not increase the infection rate and fatality rate,but can reduce the hypoglycemia rate and promote neural function recovery in cerebral infarction with stress hyperglycemia.

Objective:To observe the curative effect of transfer factor oral solutions as the adjunctive therapy in ederly patients with recurrent respiratory tract infection ( RRTI) . Methods:Totally 74 ederly patients with RRTI were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group randomly. The patients in the two groups were given anti-infection and symptomatic treatment during the acute stage of attack. The patients in the observation group were additionally given transfer factor oral solutions 10ml, po, tid for 3 months. The changes in serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM levels in the two groups before and after the medical treat-ment were compared, and the clinical curative effect and adverse drug reactions ( ADR) were observed as well. Results: After the medical treatment, the serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels in the observation group were obviously increased than before (P<0.05), while those in the control group showed no obvious changes (P>0. 05). The total clinical efficiency in the observation group was much higher than that in the control group (P<0. 01). The ADR between the two groups with light symptoms showed no statistical differ-ences (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Transfer factor oral solutions as the adjunctive therapy in ederly patients with RRTI has the favorable clinical curative effect and safety, and the underlying mechanisms may be concerned with the effect of enhancing serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM levels, as well as humoral immune function.

Objectine To study the performance between CR and DR equipments. Methods To compare chest x-ray between the CR and DR equipment. Results The pathological detection with DR equipment is 20% higher than that with CR. Conclusion The quantity of information of DR is higher than CR.

0.05).But in the reported 6 groups patients,the fatality rate in 5 groups was higher that in the 16 patients,and the difference(P

This article expounds the formation,connotation and development of the etiology theory in TCM.By analyzing the deficiency of the existent etiology theory in TCM,we proposed that the essence of the etiology theory in TCM should be studied based on the concept of unification of human and nature.With the guidance of the concept of unification of human and nature,the etiology theory in TCM could be formed an integrated theory.The classification of etiology in TCM which includes basic etiology,secondum etiology and developing etiology was proposed,which makes the etiology theory system in TCM more scientific and logical.

Objective To investigate the role of ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord in reduction of neuropathic pain (NP) by electro-acupuncture (EA) at Zusanli and Yanglingquan.Methods Fifty male SpragueDawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,in which the intrathecal catheter was successfully placed without complications,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each):sham operation group (S group),chronic constrictive injury (CCI) group,acupuncture at acupoint group (EA group),acupuncture at non-acupoint group (NA-EA group),and ERK inhibitor U0126 group (U0126 group).NP was induced by CCI in groups CCI,EA,NA-EA and U0126.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals.EA (intensity ＜ 1.5 mA,frequency 2Hz) of Zusanli and Yanglingquan lasting 30 min was performed once a day for 6 days starting from 4th day after induction of NP in group EA.EA was performed at the points 5 mm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli and Yanglingquan on the operated side in group NA-EA.Intrathecal U0126 5 μg was started on 4th day after induction of NP twice a day for 6 consecutive days.The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before CCI (T0,baseline) and at days 3,5,7 and 9 after CCI (T1-4).The rats were sacrificed on 10th day after induction of NP and the right lumbar segment (L4-6) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in the spinal cord dorsal horn.Results Compared with group S,MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was significantly shortened,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated in the other 4 groups (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with CCI group,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was significantly prolenged,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was downregulated in EA and U0126 groups (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant change in the parameters mentioned above was found in NA-EA group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with EA group,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was significantly prolonged,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was down-regulated in U0126 group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord is involved in reduction of NP by EA at Zusanli and Yanglingquan.

Objective To evaluate the effects of acupuncture of acupoints selected on postsurgical gastrointestinal dysfunction in the patients undergoing non-gastrointestinal abdominal surgery.Methods A total of 160 patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective non-gastrointestinal abdominal surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =40 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),common acupuncture group (group CA),acupuncture of acupoints selected group (group SA),and acupuncture of non-acupoint group (group NA).Acupuncture was performed at 30 min before induction of anesthesia in CA,SA and NA groups.Group CA received acupuncture at bilateral Taichong and Neiguan acupoints,group SA at bilateral Zusanli and Hegu acupoints,and group NA at the points 1 cm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli and Hegu once every 30 min until the end of surgery.The time when the patients passed flatus,defecating time,and recovery time of bowel sounds were recorded after surgery.The occurrence of nausea and vomiting was recorded within 1 day after surgery.The electrogastrogram (EGG)was performed at 1 day before surgery and 2 days after surgery,and the frequency,amplitude and rhythm of EGG were recorded.At 1 day before and after surgery,the levels of plasma motilin and gastrin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The recovery of postsurgical gastrointestinal function was assessed,and the recovery rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of postsurgical nausea and vomiting was significantly decreased,the time when the patients passed flatus,defecating time,and recovery time of bowel sounds after surgery were significantly shortened,the recovery rate was significantly increased,the frequency,amplitude and rhythm of EGG were significantly increased at 2 days after surgery,and the levels of plasma motilin and gastrin were significantly increased at 1 day after surgery in CA and SA groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group CA,the incidence of postsurgical nausea and vomiting was significandy decreased,the time when the patients passed flatus,defecating time,and recovery time of bowel sounds after surgery were significantly shortened,the recovery rate was significantly increased,the frequency,amplitude and rhythm of EGG were significantly increased at 2 days after surgery,and the levels of plasma motilin and gastrin were significantly increased at 1 day after surgery in group SA (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture of acupoints selected provides better efficacy than common acupuncture in improving postsurgical gastrointestinal dysfunction in the patients undergoing nongastrointestinal abdominal surgery.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of DNA sequencing analysis in molecular diagnosis for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods Two pairs of primers were utilized to amplify the region including 5 different bases in SMA-causative gene SMN1 and its homologue copy SMN2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The first primer amplified a fragment 501 bp long spanning from SMN intron 6 to intron 7 targeting four different bases (g.31957, 32006, 32154 and 32269). The second primer reversely amplified a 189 bp long fragment within SMN exon 8 including one base-pair differ-ence (g.32734). PCR procedure was followed by Sanger sequencing technique to identify the 5 different bases. SMA patients caused by SMN1 homozygous deletion were distinguished from carriers or normal controls by absence of SMN1 specific bas-es in sequence chromatograms. This assay was performed in 7 SMA suspected patients and their parents. The specimens were also detected by PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results It was found that 6 of 7 SMA suspected patients showed only SMN2 specific bases at the 5 different base positions among the region from intron 6 to exon 8, which meant the patient displaying only SMN2-specific nucleotide a, T, g, g and A at g.31957, 32006, 32154, 32269 and 32734, while their parents (carriers) showed a/g, T/C, g/a, g/a and A/G at the same sites. SMN1 gene was deleted in the patient, and the deletion region was inferred from intron 6 to exon 8. Because carriers had both SMN1 and SMN2 genes, they can be discriminated from the SMN1 deleted patient. One of 7 patients yield an unique sequence chromatogram of a, T, g, g and A/G, indicating that exon 8 of SMN1 was not deleted in this patient. Conclusion DNA sequencing analysis is an alter-native simple method for detecting SMA caused by homozygous deletion of SMN1. We recommend to replace the widely used PCR-RFLP method with DNA sequencing assay.