Objective To discuss the clinical significant of detecting cytoplasm phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Selected treated 90 cases of patients with COPD.According to the COPD severity classification standard,they were divided into mild group of 30 cases,moderate group of 25 cases and severe group of 35 cases.In the same period of physical examination,90 cases of normal lung function healthy were control group.Used Enzyme linked immunosorbent test (ELISA)to detect cPLA2αlevel of these groups.At the same time,detected cPLA2αexpression of these groups by RT-PCR.Results cPLA2αlevel in serum of mild group was (0.039 2±0.005 1)pg/ml,gene expression was (0.68±0.01),in moderate group (0.049 8±0.007 4)pg/ml and (0.92±0.02),in severe group (0.055 4±0.008 1)and (1.35±0.02).and in Healthy controls group (0.010 2±0.006 6)pg/ml and (0.11±0.01).There were significant differences among four groups (t = 3.013 ~ 5.817,5.039 ~ 11.667,P < 0.05).Conclusion Detection of blood cPLA2αcan indicate COPD severity,and cPLA2α is the new molecular targets of diagnosis,treatment and classifica-tion COPD.

Objective To establish the reference ranges of blood reticulocyte (Ret)among healthy Uygur adults in Xinjiang and to compare the difference between genders.Methods The Beckman Coulter LH750 instrument was adopted to determine the pe-ripheral blood Ret multiple parameters in 1024 Uygur healthy adults.The SPSS 17.0 statistical software was adopted to establish the database and perform the statistical analysis.Results The reference range of Ret multiple parameters in Uygur healthy adult men and women aged 20-79 years old in Xinjiang region were as follows:Ret were (1.5 ±0.5 )% and (1.4 ±0.4)%;IRF were (68.4±17.3)and (58.9±15.4);HFR were (0.5±0.3)% and (0.5±0.4)%;MFR were (4.5±2.3)% and (4.6±2.4)%;LFR were (94.7±2.6)% and (95.1 ±3.0)% respectively.Ret among 1024 cases of healthy Uighur population had statistically signifi-cant difference between genders,while IRF,LFR,MFR,HFR had no statistically significant differences.Conclusion The Ret multi-ple parameters reference ranges in Xinjiang Uygur healthy adults are established and the obtained conclusion is that the nationality and gender factors can affect the Ret multiple parameters in healthy adults.

It is an essential educational goal to strength experimental teaching and improving the practical skill of medical postgraduate students in medical colleges and universities.We made anexploration and practice on how to improve the practical skill and innovative ability of postgraduate students in medical immunology experimental teaching.The article points out that optimizing the design of experimental course,innovating the teaching methods,standard appraised of experiment and improving the quality of teacher are the efficient ways to enhance the practical skill of postgraduate students.

Objective To observe the change of six cytokines in mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis as part of the study on immunological mechanism in the infection. Methods Mice were infected by abdominal inoculation of echinococcus protoscoleces. The change of serum level of the cytokines IL-2、IFN-?、TNF-?、IL-4、 IL-5 and IL-10 was determined by ELISA during the infection which lasted for 260 d. Results Compared with uninfected control, the levels of the cytokines all significantly increased in the 260 d. The level of IL-2 reached a peak after 80 d post-infection (p.i.), then decreased quickly after 140 d p.i., High level of TNF-? was detected after 40 d, compared to uninfected control, reached a peak at 100 d p.i., and decreased quickly after 140 d. The level of IFN-? reached a peak after 80 d p.i., and decreased slowly after 140 d p.i., The levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 remained lower before 80 d, and increased sharply after 100 days. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 reached peaks at 100 d p.i., and that of IL-5 at 140 d p.i. Conclusion The data suggest that the induction of Th2 antibody-mediated immunity (AMI) with a parallel expansion of Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory (CMI) responses are important mechanism of the host in defending against the metacestodes. Th1 CMI plays an important role at the early stage of infection, and Th2 AMI is important in the later stage of infection.

0.05). Cross-reactivity was seen in 1 case of clonorchiasis sinensis by both the methods. Conclusion Microwave ELISA has the advantages of high sensitivity, specificity and rapidity.

Background Retinal vascular caliber changes can reflect the development status of cardiovascular disease and diabetes-associated vascular diseases,so it is very important to quantitatively measure retinal vascular caliber in the study of systemic diseases and retinal vascular disease.However,the methodology study is rately seen in China within our knowledge.Objective The present study was to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of IVAN software in measuring retinal vascular caliber.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,and written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to medical examination.A prospectively diagnostic trail was performed.The digitized fundus color photograph centered on the disc from 192 eyes of 96 healthy volunteers were collected in Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January,2013 to December,2014,and central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE),central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) and arteriovenous ratio (AVR) were analyzed by IVAN measurement software.The repeatability and reproducibility of IVAN software for random repeat measurement of retinal vessel caliber from consecutive 85 right eyes of 85 volunteers were evaluation by interobserver and intraobserver measurement with interclass correlation coefficient (ICC).The correlations of measuring results between two observers or two-time measuring were analyzed with Pearson linear correlation analysis.Bland-Altman agreeement analysis was employed to assess the agreeement of the outcomes.Results No significant differences were found in CRAE,CRVE and AVR between the right eyes and the left eyes (t=-1.009,1.090,-1.259,all at P＞0.05).The CRAE,CRVE and AVR values from observer 1 were (145.02±12.94) μm,(400.72±9.12) μm and 0.36±0.03,and those from observer 2 were (145.10 ± 11.86) μm,(401.17 ± 9.85) μm and 0.36 ± 0..03,with no significant differences between observer 1 and observer 2 (t =-0.074,-0.913,0.116,all at P＞0.05).The repeat CRAE,CRVE and AVR values from observer 1 were (145.02 ± 12.94) μm,(400.72 ±9.12) μm and 0.36 ±0.03,which were significantly different from the initial values (t =-0.777,-0.048,-0.745,all at P＞0.05).In two-time measurements of intraobserver,all ICC were ≥0.738 and showed good correlations (all at r≥0.739).The two measurements of interobserver,showed good correlations (r≥ 0.662),with all ICC ≥ 0.657.Bland-Altman plots showed good agreements in CRAE and CRVE measurement with 95％ limits of agreement(LoA) ranged from-18.5 μm to 17.3 μm and-9.8 μm to 9.6 μm in intraobserver,and from-19.3 μm to 20.0 μm and-10.2 μm to 9.0 μm in interobserver,respectively.Conclusions IVAN measurement software yields good repeatability and reproducibility in the quantitative measurement of retinal vascular caliber.

Objective To compare the effect of fluoroscopic triggering method and empirical delay method on image quality in the liver Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic enhanced MRI,and to investigate the value of fluoroscopic triggering method in Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic enhanced MRI.Methods The patients underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic enhanced MRI were randomly divided into two groups according to the starting modes in the artery phase.Group A used fluoroscopic triggering method and group B used empirical delay method.Eliminating the images with severe respiratory motion artifacts,the quality of the remaining images in 78 cases of group A and 85 cases of group B were assessed in scores (excellent=5 scores;good=4 scores).Data was statistically analyzed with Mann-whitney tests,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The excellent rate of the images in group A was 96.15% (75/78).The excellent rate of the images in group B was 67.06% (57/85).There were significant differences between the two groups in the excellent rate (χ2=27.889, P<0.001)and the image quality scores (Z=-4.747,P<0.001).Conclusion For the liver Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic enhanced MRI, fluoroscopic triggering method is more likely to get better image quality and higher success rate in artery phase than empirical delay method,which indicates that fluoroscopic triggering method have obviously advantages in clinical applications.

Objective To Evaluate the performance of serum adenosine deaminase assays of different manufacturers and explore the approach for harmonization of test results.Methods It was evaluated the indice including the limit of blank ,precision,linearity range and reference interval of 10 test systems.It was as the reference system by Mindray test system to evaluate the comparability and the difference of ADA results among 10 different systems.The evaluation was performed before and after calibration by a selected fresh serum assigned by the reference system.A commercial calibrator of the minimum matrix effect was selected from 8 different calibrators as the long-term calibrator to harmonize the ADA results of 10 systems.Results The results of LoB were 0.1-6.3 U/L,respectively.The within-run CVs and total CVs of 10 systems were all less than 5%and actual linearity ranges were conformed to claims of manufacturers.After calibration with fresh serum calibrator ,the averaged difference of 10 test systems was reduced from 14% to 3.0%, and the average difference was 1.8% after calibration with long-term calibrator.The common reference interval of all test systems was 5-24 U/L identically.Conclusions The comparability of ADA measurements can be improved by using a common human serum calibrator and the commutable commercial calibrator.And it is necessary and feasible to develop the standardzation of ADA.

Objective Epicardial fat volume ( EFV) was a risk factor for coronary heart disease ( CHD) , but there is little research regarding the relationship of EFV with insulin resistance ( IR) and CHD in patients with metabolic syndrome ( MS) .The aim of the article was to explore the effect of EFV in patients with MS on CHD and IR . Methods Patients with MS treated by percutane-ous coronary angiography ( CAG) in our hospital from February 2013 to August 2013 were recruited in this study .The data of height , weight, waist circumference(WC) and hip circumference(HP) were recorded.EFV were measured by MSCT.Fasting blood samples were collected for blood biochemical test . Results EFV in patients with MS was in positive relation with IR index (IRI)(r=0.335, P<0.001) and CHD (r=0.321, P<0.05), and the correlation still remained when the influences of WC and body mass index (BMI) were excluded.Logistic regression analysis showed that EFV was an independent risk factor for CHD (P<0.05), while linear regression analysis indicated EFV , BMI and LDL-C were the risk factors for IRI .ROC curves analysis proved EFV and BMI had diag-nosis value for IRI, and the areas under curve of EFV were 0.755 and 0.679 (P<0.05) respectively. Conclusion EFV is an in-dependent risk factor for CHD and IRI in patients with MS , and EFV has an advantage over BMI in the diagnosis value of IRI .

Background Retinal microglia (RMG) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases,while chemokine CX3CL1 participates in the regulation of steady-state of microglia.It has been determined that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have a remarkable role to modulate the immune response and protect the central nervous system through the release of soluble factors in a paracrine fashion and further affect the functional behavior of cells.However,whether BMSCs are able to interact with RMG and activate related signaling pathway for the maintaining of homeostasis in the retina is still unclear.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between BMSCs and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RMG in vitro,and dissect the effects of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway on the biological behavior of BMSCs and RMG.Methods RMG was isolated from SD rats,cultured with mixed culture of retinal glial cells and purified by shaking.The cells were identified by detecting the expression of CD111b,Iba1 and glutamamine synthetase (GS) with indirect immunofluorescence assay.LPS (1 mg/ml,2 μl) was added in the medium for 24 hours to stimulate RMG,and then the cells were divided into LPS control group,BMSCs group (cocultured with BMSCs for 24 hours) and CB-BMSCs group (cocultured with CX3CL1-blocking-BMSCs for 24 hours).The cells without LPS stimulation served as the blank control group.The functions of RMG,including the release content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β),the proliferation,phagocytosis,and migration of RMG were examined.Results RMG was successfully isolated and harvested from SD rats by using mixed culture of retinal glial cells and purified by shaking.CD11b and Iba1 showed the positive expression with the green fluorescence in the cells and GS was absent.The contents of TNF-αt in the cell supernatant were (2.55 ±0.97) ng/ml,(24.91 ±3.07) ng/ml,(20.38 ±2.97) ng/ml and (24.90 ± 1.88) ng/ml in the blank control group,LPS control group,BMSCs group and CB-BMSCs group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups (F=119.90,P＜0.05).The contents of IL-1 β in the cell supernatant were (1.12±0.36) ng/ml,(10.40±2.76) ng/ml,(7.00± 1.75) ng/ml and (9.55 ± 1.11) ng/ml in the blank control group,LPS control group,BMSCs group and CB-BMSCs group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups(F =34.96,P＜0.05).The secretory volume of TNF-α and IL-1 β were evidently lower in the BMSCs group than those in the LPS control group (both at P＜0.05),and no significant differences were found in the secretory volume of TNF-α and IL-1β between CB-BMSCs group and LPS control group (both at P＞0.05).The proliferative rate of RMG was lower in the BMSCs group than that in the LPS control group (P＜0.05),while there was no statistical difference between BMSCs group and CB-BMSCs group (P＞0.05).The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and the number of migrated RMG were considerably different among the four groups (F=70.55,15.49,both at P＜0.05),and those in the BMSCs group were significantly increased in comparison with the LPS control group (both at P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference between CB-BMSCs group and LPS control group (both at P＞0.05).Conclusions BMSCs could suppress the proliferation of LPS-activated RMG.Moreover,BMSCs might inhibit proinflammatory cytokines releasing,enhance phagocytosis and migration capabilities of RMG via CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway.