Objective: To evaluate the effects of isoflurane-nitrous oxide on hemodynamics in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. Method:Hemodynamics values were measured with Swan-Ganz technique. Thirty-nine patients were divided into two groups according to their cardiac function before surgery. The patients with cardiac function Ⅱ degree were belong to group Ⅰ and those with cardiac function Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree to group Ⅱ. Result:CI,LVWI, RVWI,HR and MAP decreased significantly in both groups after induction of anesthesia without change in SI. During tracheal intubation and sternotomy,CI and LVWI decreased,PTRI and SVRI increased,particularly in group Ⅱ. During aorta and vena cava intubation the changes of hemodynamics were relatively complicated with CI and SI improved in group Ⅱ and further decreased in group Ⅰ. After CPB,MPAP,PAWP,PTRI and SVRI were decreasad in different degree in both groups with significant increased in CI and SI in group Ⅱ. Conclusion:Induction and maintenance anes thesia with 1.0%-1.5% isoflurane and 40%-50% N_2O are suitable in patients with impaired cardiac function.

Objective To investigate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on myocardial infarction and the involved protective mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, rote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) group, remote ischemic preconditioning + ischemia-reperfusion (RIPC+I/R) group, and RIPC+AG490+I/R group. The blood samples and myocardial specimens were collected and prepared for tests. The related enzymes were detected and the size of myocardial infarction was measured. The cardiac cells were determined by electron microscopy and light microscopy. Results The size of myocardial infarct and myocardial enzymes were significantly reduced in RIPC+I/R group compared to those in I/R group (P < 0.05). The size of myocardial infarction and myocardial enzymes were significantly increased in AG490 group compared to those in RIPC+I/R group (P < 0.05), but were significantly reduced in AG490 group compared to those in I/R group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Remote ischemic preconditioning may be effective in cardioprotection. The JAK/STAT pathway is involved in the cardioprotection of remote ischemic preconditioning.

Objective Transforming growth factor-β( TGF-β) can regulate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) inhibitors, thus affecting the reconstruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) after lung in-jury.So far, little is known about the regulation of TGF-β1 and MMPs/TIMPs ratio in endotoxin-induced lung injury as well as about the exact mechanisms of ECM reconstruction disorders .This study was to investigate the effects of TGF-β1 antibodies on the expressions of MMP and TIMP inhibitors and lung injury fibrosis in rats with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury . Methods Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, normal (n=16), LPS (n=20), and LPS+TGF-β1(L+T, n=20).The rats of the LPS and L+T groups received intraperitoneal and intra-tracheal injection of endotoxin to induce lung injury fibrosis , the latter intrave-nously injected with TGF-β1 antibodies previously .The normal rats received intra-tracheal and intra-abdominal injection of the same a-mount of saline.At 1, 5, 9 and 14 days after modeling, all the rats were killed and blood and lung tissue samples obtained to detect the wet/dry lung tissue ( W/D ) ratio, diffuse alveolar damage ( DAD) score, hydroxyproline activity ( Hpy) , and the expressions of TGF-β1 , MMP-2 and TIMP-1. Results The DAD score, Hpy ac-tivity, and expressions of TGF-β1 , MMP-2 and TIMP-1 were signifi-cantly higher in the LPS group than in the normal control ( P <
0.05), and so were the DAD score, Hpy activity, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 in the L+T group than in the controls (P<0.05).Com-pared with the LPS group, Hpy, TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 were markedly decreased in the L +T group (P<0.05).The expression of MMP-2 was gradually increased at 1, 5 and 9 days after modeling , reaching the peak at 9 days and then beginning to decline .The Hpy activity, TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 expressions kept rising after modeling . Conclusion The MMP/TIMP imbalance and ECM reconstruc-tion disorders mediated by the TGF-β1 signaling pathway may be an important cause of fibrosis in endotoxin-induced lung injury . TGF-β1 antibodies can exert a protective effect by alleviating lung injury fibrosis .

objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of endovenous radiofrequency ablation in combination with TriVex for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)of the lower extremity.Methods One hundred and fifty CVI cases(150 limbs)were randomly assigned to Group A(75 limbs)and Group B(75 limbs).Patients in Group A were treated with greater saphenous vein radiofrequency ablation procedures in combination with TriVex.Patients in Grpup B were treated with greater saphenous vein traditional stripping operation in combination with TriVex.The short-term results in hospital and patient self-assessment for the operation at postoperative 4 week were compared with each other:The changes of CEAP classification and venous clinical severity score(VCSS)were compared. Results Operation time was(67±11)min in Group A versus(69-4-9)min in Group B(P＞0.05).Postoperative pain,average hospital stay in Group A were significantly less and shorter than in Group B(P ＜0.05).The scores of selfassessment for the operation were(11.21±2.00)in Group A versus(10.52±2.08)in Group B(P＜0.05).The change of CEAP classification and VCSS were statistically significant after operation in both groups(P＜0.01).The VCSS decreased 4.6 ±2.5 in Group A versus 4.3±2.7 in Grpup B(P＞0.05).Conclusions Endovenous radiofrequency ablation in combination with TriVex for treatment of CVI are effective,less traumatic,of fast recovery.CEAP classification and VCSS are useful tools for assessing outcomes after the operation.

The interaction between water-soluble CdS and gelatin 5n aqueous solution was explored using fluorescence,infrared (IR)and UV-Vis spectra at pH 12.0 and different temperatures.Results show that the formed complex had a strong ability to quench the fluorescence launched from gelatin.The fluorescence quenching data were analvzed according to Lineweave-Burk double-reciprocal equation and the gelatin had reacted with CdS to form a complex.This kind of static fluorescence quenching goes with non-radiation energy transfer happening within single molecule According to Lineweave-Burk equation,K(285 K:1.07×10~4 L/mol;292 K:9 69×10~3 L/mol;299 K:8.06×10~3 L/mol),the formation constants of the compound at different temperatures and the thermodynamic parameters(△H=-14.18 kJ/mol;△G=-21.98/-22.28/-22.36 kJ/mol;△S=27.36/27.74/27.36 J/K·mol) at certain temperatures were obtained,indicating that the binding force between them is mainly the static in nature.The binding locality was an area of 4.09 nm away from tryptophan residue in gelatin based on F(o)rster's non-radiation energy transfer mechanism.The results provide information for exploring the chemical mechanism of interaction between nanoparticle and this kind of biological macromolecule.

Objective To assess the efficacy of combination therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA ) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) in treating patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) .Methods A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of combining ATO with ATRA based induction therapy ,followed by 3 courses of consolidation chemotherapy and 2-year sequential ATO/ATRA maintenance therapy in newly diagnosed APL ,and the efficacy between high risk group and low/inter-mediate risk group ,also between different PML-RARa isoform sub-group were compared .Results In high risk group and low/in-termediate risk group ,the complete remission(CR)rates were 70 .0% and 96 .9% (P=0 .04) ,respectively ;the 3 years overall sur-vival rates(OS) and disease free survival rates (DFS) were(70 .0 ± 14 .5)% ,(96 .9 ± 3 .1)% ,P= 0 .01 and(66 .7% ± 19 .2)% , (93 .8 ± 6 .1)% ,P=0 .08 ,respectively .In BCR1 group and BCR3 group ,the CR were 78 .6% and 95 .6% (P=0 .14) ,respectively ;the rates of 3 years OS and DFS were(95 .7 ± 4 .3)% ,(78 .6 ± 11 .0)% ,P=0 .18 ,and(92 .9 ± 6 .9)% ,(87 .5 ± 11 .7)% ,P=0 .24 , respectively .Conclusion The results indicate that ATO based first-line protocol is highly effective for treatment of newly diagnosed APL ,especially for the PML-RARa BCR3 isoform APL .

Objective To investigate the sedative effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine with mid-azolam in spinal anesthesia. Methods 130 cases of spinal anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups,group D1 and group D2,with 65 cases in each group. Patients in 2 groups were given midazolam and dexmedetomidine with different doses. The heart rates ,blood pressure ,SpO2 ,Narcotrend value and Ramsay sedation scores were recorded at mutiple time points. The working time ,maintaining time of sedative effect ,and adverse reactions were compared between 2 groups. Results MAP,HR and NT decreased significantly in 2 groups(P < 0.05,respec-tively). The keeping time was relatively longer in group D1 compared with group D2(P<0.05). The working time was faster in group D2 compared with group D1. The rate of bradycardia in group D2 was relatively higher than that in group D1. Conclusion Good sedative effect can be obtained by drug in 2 groups. Group D1,with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg+dexmedetomidine 0.3μg/kg,may have a certain advantage in anaesthesia in the spinal canal.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sufentanil on autophagy during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group SH),I/R group,and sufentanil group (group S).Myocardial I/R injury was produced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in the rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate in I/R and S groups.Sufentanil 3 μg/kg was injected via the caudal vein at 30 min prior to ischemia in group S.The equal volume of normal saline was given in SH and I/R groups.At 120 min of reperfusion,arterial blood samples were collected for determination of serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations,and myocardial specimens were obtained for examination of the ultrastructure of myocardial cells (using transmission electron microscopy) and for determination of autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3Ⅱ),Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 expression (by Western blot).Results Compared with group SH,the serum CK-MB and LDH concentrations were significantly increased,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 was significantly up-regulated,and Bcl-2 expression was significantly down-regulated in group I/R,and the serum CK-MB concentration was significantly increased,the expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated in group S (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the serum CK-MB concentrations were significantly decreased,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 was significantly down-regulated,Bcl-2 expression was significantly up-regulated (P＜ 0.05),no significant change was found in serum LDH concentrations (P＞0.05),and the pathological changes were reduced in group S.Conclusion The mechanism by which sufentanil reduces myocardial I/R injury may be related to decreased autophagy in rats.

Single-supervisor system is the widespread practice for graduates of clinical medicine at present. But in terms of education to clinical medical graduate students, students rotate in the departments of various disciplines for a long time, and there are more rotary department, resulting in some students' unbalanced learning development. Combined with the charac-teristics of the department of hematology, multi-supervisors training model was carried out to the rotating masters of other disciplines when they rotated in hematology department. With supervisor equipment and teaching implementation, we applied the principle of integrating theory with practice and trained students' innovation ability and doctor-patient communication ability. Compared with traditional single supervisor training pattern, multi-supervisors system can effec-tively improve the students' theoretical level, practical skills and comprehensive ability when the clinical medical graduate students rotate in the department of hematology.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remifentanil preconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in aged rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 15-18 months,weighing 465-580 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R and remifentanil preconditioning group (group RP).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion in group I/R.In group RP,remifentanil 10 μg · kg-1 · min-1 was infused intravenously for 20 min followed by 10 min washout before myocardial I/R.In group S,the anterior descending branch was only exposed but not ligated.At 30 min before ligation and 120 min of reperfusion,the activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were determined.The hearts were removed at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of myocardial infarct size,the percentage of myocardial infarct size was calculated,and myocardial specimens were obtained for observing myocardial ultrastructure.Results Compared with group S,the activities of serum LDH and CK-MB were significantly increased at 120 min of reperfusion in I/R and RP groups.Compared with group I/R,the activities of serum LDH and CKMB were significantly decreased,the percentage of myocardial infarct size was decreased,and the pathological changes were attenuated in group RP.Conclusion Remifentanil preconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury in aged rats.