Eletromagnetic fields and mechanical factors affect the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. More related publications can be found every year. The article reviewed the mechanisms of the affections of eletromagnetic fields and mechanical factors on calcium transition in the osteoblasts and compared their similarities and differences.

Objective To invetigate clinical characteristics,pathogenesis and its risk factors of neuropsychi-atric lupus erythematosus(NPLE).Methods 160 cases of SLE patients,including 30 cases of diagnosed NPLE,were analyzed retrospectively.The relationship between the appearance of NPLE and common autoantibodies,other organ involvement and SLE disease activity score(SLEDAI)were analyzed.Results Such antibody positive rates of anti nuclear antibody(ANA),anti Sm antibody,anti -RNP antibody,anti SSA antibody,anti ds -DNA antibody had no significant difference between NPLE and non NPLE,the value of χ2 was 0.947,0.013,1.194,0.023,0.745 respectively,the value of P was 0.194,0.910,0.274,0.879,0.388 respectively.Renal involvement,raynaud phenomenon,interstitial pneumonia,pulmonary thromboembolism,oral ulcer,arthritis,facial erythema,pleuritis,pericarditis,fever,pulmonary hypertension,photo -allergy and alopecia in the two groups had no difference,the value of χ2 was respectively 0.419,1.383,0.721,0.201,1.368,1.194,0.055,0.946,0.262,2.503,0.628,2.898 and 0.075,the value of P was 0.517,0.324,0.396,1.000,0.242,0.274,0.815,0.331,0.609,0.114,0.428,0.089 and 0.785 respectively.But the occurrence of hand and foot vasculitis in NPLE was significantly higher(χ2 =3.996,P =0.046).SLEDAI of NPLE was higher than non NPLE(t =8.446,P =0.000).Conclusion There was no correlation with the occurrence of NPLE and common autoantibodies,other organ involvements.Hand and foot vasculitis and higher SLEDAI(more than 15 points)were the risk factors of NPLE.Encephalopathy may be the initial manifestation to some of SLE cases. Early diagnosis and methylprednisolone pulse treatment combined with immunosuppressive therapy can effectively improve the remission of the disease,reduce mortality and improve prognosis.

Objective To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the lung tissues of smoking cessation rat model. Methods Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control rats which were exposed to room air for 4 and 6 months respectively(groups A and C), the smoking rats which were exposed to cigarette smoke for 4 and 6 month respectively(groups B and D), and the smoking cessation group which was exposed to room air for 2 months after 4 months' smoke exposure.The expressions of mRNA and proteins of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissues were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry respectively. The collagen Ⅳ expression in the lung tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with groups A and C, the expression levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissues of groups B and D significantly elevated(P

Objective To study the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in extracellular matrix remodeling in rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema .Methods Seventy Wistar rats were randomly subdivided into the control group and the smoking groups which were randomly subdivided into one month to six month smoking group again.The smoking groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for one to six months, The expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA and proteins in lung tissue were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry respectively.In lung tissue the expression of collagen Ⅳ was assessed by method of immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the control group,the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA and proteins in lung tissue from the smoking groups were remarkable elevated(P

Objective To determine ursolic acid in Shanzhajing Jiangzhi Tablets by HPLC method. Method Chromatographic column was Kromasil C18 (4.6 mm?200 mm, 5 ?m). The Mobile phase was methanol- 0.15% phosphoric acid (88∶12), and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Detection wavelength was 215 nm. Column temperature was room temperature. Results Ursolic acid quantity and its peak area showed good linearity relationship in the range of 0.253～5.052 ?g. The correlation coefficient (r ) was 0.9998 (n=6). The average recovery was 100.37% and RSD was 1.88%. Conclusion The method is easy and accurate, with good sensitivity and repeatability. It is a good method to control the quality of Shanzhajing Jiangzhi Tablets.

Objective To investigate the serum expressions and clinical significance of Dickkopf-1 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The clinical data of 139 patients with RA were retrospectively analyzed, including the disease history, tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), antikeratin antibody (AKA), anti-perinuclear factor (APF), anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP), Dickkopf-1 and radiological (X-ray) staging. The disease activity scale (DAS) was evaluated, and the ESR and CRP levels were included. The relationship between Dickkopf-1 and the clinical data of RA, DAS44 score was analyzed. Results The serum level of Dickkopf-1 in patients with RA was (2.70 ± 0.46) μg/L. There was no relationship between serum Dickkopf-1 level and gender, age, course of disease, CRP, platelet, ANA, AKA, APF, RF, radiological staging in patients with RA (P>0.05). The serum Dickkopf-1 level was significantly associated with TJC, SJC, ESR, DAS44-ESR score, DAS44-CRP score and anti-CCP (r = 0.200, 0.291, 0.178, 0.222, 0.199 and 0.278, P = 0.019, 0.001, 0.037, 0.009, 0.028 and 0.012). Conclusions The serum Dickkopf-1 expression level is closely related to the occurrence and development of RA. Dickkopf-1 may contribute to diagnose the disease activity in patients with RA.

Objective To study the clinical significance of Raynaud phenomenon (RP) in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods One hundred and twelve cases with SLE were divided into two groups according to the condition of RP and were analyzed retrospectively.The similarities and differences were investigated in system injury and laboratory examination in two groups.Results The occurrence rates of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH),interstitial lung disease (ILD),pericarditis,fatigue,pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with RP were higher than those in patients without RP [89.3％(25/28) vs.2.4％(2/84),57.1％(16/28) vs.16.7％(14/84),75.0％(21/28) vs.39.3％ (33/84),67.9％(19/28) vs.33.3％(28/84),21.4％(6/28) vs.4.8％(4/84),14.3％(14/28) vs.1.2％(1/84) ](P ＜ 0.05 ).The positive rates of anti-cardiolipin (ACL) antibody,anti-RNP antibody,anti-Sm antibody and LA in patients with RP were higher than those in patients without RP [46.4％(13/28) vs.9.5％(8/84),75.0％(21/28) vs.33.3％(28/84),57.1％(16/28) vs.23.8％(20/84),17.9％(5/28) vs.2.4％(2/84)] (P ＜0.05),while leucopenia in patients with RP was lower than that in patients without RP [7.1％(2/28) vs.45.2％ (38/84)] (P =0.001).Conclusion Heart,lung and vascular lesions such as PAH,ILD,pericarditis,PE and so on are easier to occur in SLE with RP,furthermore the positive rates of ACL,anti-RNP antibody,anti-Sm antibody,and LA are higher than those without RP.

Objective To investigate of the biological effects of the extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFEMF),and to explore the effect of rectangular ELFEMF performance parameters on rat fetal skull osteoblast. Methods Different amplitude, frequency and duty cycle of rectangular ELFEMF were used on rat fetal skull osteoblast and the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast were examined. Results There existed action windows of amplitude and frequency with regard to the biological effect of rectangular ELFEMF. The 15 Hz, 5 mT and 15% duty cycle could significantly promote the proliferation and decrease differentiation of the cells. Conclusion The proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast could be affected by rectangular ELFEMF characterized by its amplitude, frequency and duty cycle. This study indicated that rectangular ELFEMF of 15 Hz, 5 mT and 15% duty cycle was suitable for the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast in vitro.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of ICF Core Sets for Chinese COPD patients.Methods Fifty-two COPD patients were measured with ICF Core Sets for COPD patients and SF-36. For reliability test, the internal consistency was analyzed and expressed by Cronbach α coefficients and split-half reliability. For va-lidity test, the content validity and criterion validity were analyzed and expressed with Spearman rank correlation coef-ficients. Results For body function, body structure and activity and participation, there were good internal consis-tency (Cronbach α coefficients 0. 698～0.957). For environmental factors Crnnbach α coefficient and split-half reli-ability did not exist. Most items of body function, activity and participation and body structure possessed good content validity. There was concurrent validity for ICF components of body function, body structure and activity and participa-tion with SF-36, FEV1/FVC, COPD grade and health self-assessment. The environmental factors demonstrated poor reliability and validity. Conclusion The ICF Core Sets for COPD patients showed good reliability and validity. It is a good comprehensive functional measurement scale for COPD patients, but it is necessary to test the generality of this result, and some items need to be adjusted.

Background Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) plays an important role in corneal woundhealing.The effects of TGF-β1 on the synthesis of extra cellular matrix (ECM) vary upon different concentrations.Previous studies focused on the effects of high concentration of TGF-β1 on keratocytes under the two-dimensional culture condition,and the effect of low concentration of TGF-β1 on the synthesis of ECM in keratocytes remains unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the growth of Pellet,a three-dimensional model of corneal stroma cells in vitro,and its ECM synthesis under a low concentration of TGF-β1.Methods Bovine corneal stromal cells were isolated from fresh bovine eyeballs by two-step digestion by collagenase and cultured using DMEM/F12 medium with 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS).Pellets derived fresh bovine keratocytes with culture medium containing 0.25 ng/ml TGF-β1 +5％ FBS and 0.50 ng/ml TGF-β1 +5％ FBS were established,respectively.The morphology of Pellets was observed under the natural light at 48 hours,1 week,2 weeks and 3 weeks after culture.In 3 weeks after culture,the cell structures was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and Calcein-AM/propidium (Calcein-AM/PI) staining was used to assay the cell viability.Real-time flurorescence quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence technology were applied to analyze the expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA),fibronectin (FN),type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) and type Ⅲ collagen (Col Ⅲ) mRNA and proteins.RT-PCR was employed to detect the expressions of lumican (LUM) mRNA and keratocan (KERA) mRNA in the cells.Results Cells in Pellet clustered throughout the culture duration.Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed the mass red-dyed collagen fibers in both 0.25 ng/ml TGF-β1 +5％ FBS group and 0.50 ng/ml TGF-β1 +5％ FBS group,and most cells possessed complete structures.The death rate of the cells was (33.60±1.65)％ in the 0.25 ng/ml TGF-β1 +5％ FBS group and (30.90±0.78) ％ in the 0.50 ng/ml TGF-β1 +5％ FBS group,showing an insignificant difference between them (t =0.144,P=0.887).The expressions of α-SMA,FN and Col Ⅲ proteins in 0.25 ng/ml TGF-β1 +5％ FBS group were lower than those in the 0.50 ng/ml TGF-β1 + 5 ％ FBS group (tα-SMA =4.622,P =0.010;tFN =2.973,P =0.040;tCol Ⅲ =7.845,P＜0.001),but the expression of Col Ⅰ in 0.25 ng/ml TGF-β1 +5％ FBS group was higher than that in 0.50 ng/ml TGF-β1+5％ FBS group (tColⅠ =4.022,P=0.016).The ratio of Col Ⅲ/Col Ⅰ in 0.25 ng/ml TGF-β1+5％ FBS group was lower than that in the 0.50 ng/ml TGF-β1 +5％ FBS group in both mRNA and protein level (tmRNA =-3.039,P =0.038;tprotein =3.215,P =0.032).The expression of LUM mRNA and KERA mRNA were detected in Pellet at different time points.The expression of LUM mRNA in 0.25 ng/ml TGF-β1 +5％ FBS group increased over time.While in 0.50 ng/ml TGF-β1 +5％ FBS group,the expression of LUM mRNA peaked at 1 week but declined at 2 weeks.The expression of KERA mRNA in two groups were all peaked at 1 week but declined at 2 weeks.Conclusions Low-dose TGF-β1 in Pellet can maintain the normal growth of keratocytes and synthesize ECM.The expression of ECM tends to the normal condition after reducing the concentration of TGF-β1,implying a scarless expression.