The development of liver surgery can be divided into several stages, including wedge liver resection, regular segmental liver resection and anatomical liver resection. With the development of biomedical sciences and information technology, liver surgery has developed into precise hepatectomy. The goals of precise hepatectomy are minimal invasion, maximal liver protection and best rehabilitation, This is mainly achieved through accurate preoperative evaluation, precise surgical planning, sophisticated surgical procedure and postoperative management. Its application significantly improves prognosis and quality of life of patients. This paper summarizes the concept and surgical technique of precise liver resection.

Objective To study the MR imaging features of intracranial subependymomas and to improve the knowledge more about it. Methods The imaging features of intracranial subependymomas in 17 cases proved pathologically were retrospectively analyzed, among which 11 cases were male and 6 cases were female, 16 cases had MR images and 1 case only had CT images.Results MR appearances of intracranial subependymomas were as follows :16 cases were all hyperintense relative to the normal grey matter on T2-weighted images and hypointense or isointense on T1-weighted images. 12 cases showed no enhancement or minimal enhancement after Gd-DTPA administration . 9 of 16 cases were located in lateral ventricle, 2 were in septum pellucidum, and the rest 5 were in fourth ventricle ,third ventricle ,prepontine cistern, right CPA and chiasmatic cistern respectively. In one case , CT showed isodensity and was enhanced in CE-CT,the lesion was situated in fourth ventricle. In all 17 cases, 11 were accompanied with microcystic structures. Conclusion Intracranial subependymomas are best delineated by MR imaging. The diagnosis of intracranial subependymomas should be considered when above findings are confronted.

Objective:To research the expression of HBsAg DNA vaccine in immunized mice.Methods:The expression of HBsAg DNA vaccine was detected by immunohistochemistry staining in muscle fibers,lymphoid nodes and spleens of mice after intramuscular injection.Anti-HBsAg antibody was assayed by ELISA and the proliferation of spleen cells was measured by MTT.Results:The positive expression was observed in the tissues mentioned above.The titer of serum antibody showed positive results.Spleen cells could be proliferated by stimulating with HBsAg or ConA.Conclusion:The positive expression and certain kinds of immune responses have been shown in immunized mice.

Objective: To evaluate the preventive effect of ephedrine on hypotension under spinal anesthesia in patients with different age. Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to four groups with 15 each. Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were adult patients aged from 25 to 55 years old and group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were geratic aged patients of 6575 years old. Every patient received a fluid loading of 7ml/kg before spinal anesthesia. The ephedrine was administrated to group Ⅱ and IV patients in a dose of 10mg i v and 30 mg i m and same amount of normal saline was administrated to group Ⅰ and Ⅲ as soon as spinal anesthesia was performed. Results:Thirty patients in the placebo groups developed a maximal decrease in MAP exceeding 20%. Ten of these (2 in group Ⅰ and 8 in group Ⅲ ) developed a decrease in MAP exceeding 35% and required treatment. In aged groups, all patients in group Ⅲ had a decrease in MAP exceeding 20 %, 53 % of whom, the decrease exceeded 35 %. Conclusion:Prophylactic use of ephedrine is effective in the prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia, especially in aged patients.

The controlling system of triple pulse vacuum sterilizer for dental use adopts PIC single-chip computer as the controller. The information related to stream temperature and pressure of the stream and liquid mixture in the hermetic vessel is acquired and controlled. Linearization measurements of the temperature and pressure and fuzzy control technology are all involved in. The experiment result shows that the controlling system makes the sterilizer free from overshoot, steady-state error and non-robustness.

Objective To explore the value of T wave alternans (TWA) in prediction ventricular arrhythmias in post-op TOF children. Methods The characteristics of TWA were retrospectively analyzed in 36 post-op TOF patients and 120 age-matched normal children. The relationship of sustained TWA and ventricular arrhythmias was also analysed. Results Compared with normal children, the incidence of sustained TWA was significantly increased in post-op TOF group (χ2=6.98, P<0.05). In post-op TOF patients, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was much higher when sustained TWA was present (χ2=10.41, P<0.05). Conclusions There exists electrophysiological basis for ventricular arrhythmia in post-op TOF children. Sustained TWA has important value in prediction of ventricular arrhythmia of post-op TOF.

Objective To evaluate the long-term results of Chiari osteotomy in the treatment of Legg-Calv?-Perthes disease for the patients of 8 years old or above and discuss the factors that influence the prognosis of this disease. Methods There were 116 hips of 103 patients of Perthes disease treated with Chiari osteotomy between June 1986 and December 2002. All patients were 8 years old or above. 72 hips of these cases acquired follow-up, the meaning follow-up duration was 97 months(range, 38-196 months). According to lateral pillar classification, 30 hips were classified as group B, 22 hips as B/C group, 20 hips as C group. There were 50 hips in male, 22 hips in female, 47 patients between 8 and 10 years old, 22 cases between 10 and 14 years old. X-ray showed 25 hips with subluxation of femoral head preoperatively. Results According to the revised Stulberg classification system: (1)31 hips had Stulberg classⅠ,Ⅱ outcome, in which B group accounted for 19 of 30 hips, the hips in group C had the worst results: of 20 hips, only 3 had a Stulberg class Ⅰ or Ⅱ outcome, the results for the hips in lateral B/C border group were intermediate between those groups B and C. 33 hips had Stulberg class Ⅲ, in which B group had 10 hips, B/C group had 11 hips, C group had 12 hips. 8 hips had Stulberg class Ⅳ or Ⅴ, B group had 1 hip, B/C group had 2 hips, C group had 5 hips. (2)All cases had a satisfied containment, no one had subluxation after Chiari osteotomy. (3)48% of male patients had a Stulberg class Ⅰor Ⅱ outcome, in contrast, only 23% of female had the comparable outcome. (4)55% of the group of 8 to 10 years old patients had a Stulberg class Ⅰ or Ⅱ outcome, in comparison with 17% from the group of 10 to 14 years old cases. Conclusion The patients older than 8 years at the onset of disease and in the lateral pillar B or C group should be treated with surgical containment, Chiari osteotomy can fulfill such task. The gender, the age of onset, especially the lateral pillar classification strongly correlate with the outcome of Perthes disease, and the latter can help us to evaluate the severity degree of the disease and the prognosis.

Objective To explore the effect of family cohesion and adaptability on coping with fatigue in patients suffered high paraplegia caused by cervical spine fracture.Methods 96 patients suffered high paraplegia caused by cervical spine fracture were questionnaired by family cohesion and adaptability scale and bricf fatiguc assessment scale after 1 week of operation.And they were divided into the fatigue group and non-fatigue group,the scores of family cohesion and adaptability were compared between the two groups,and thepearson correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to explore the effect of family cohesion and adaptability on coping with fatigue.Results ①65.63％ (63/96) patients suffered coping with fatigue in high paraplegia patients caused by cervical spine fracture.②The scores of teal family cohesion and real family adaptability in the fatigue group were significantly lower than those in the non-fatigue group(P＜0.05) ; the scores of dissatisfaction of family cohesion and dissatisfaction of family adaptability in the fatigue group were significantly higher than those in the non-fatigue group(t=-2.630,-3.359,10.469,17.821,P＜ 0.05).③Pearson correlation analysis showed that the score of coping with fatigue was negatively correlated with the real family cohesion(r=-0.463,P=0.015) and real family adaptability(r=-0.486,P=0.021),and positively correlated with the score of dissatisfaction of family cohesion (r=0.395,P=0.036) and dissatisfaction of family adaptability (r=0.524,P=0.020).④Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the real family cohesion,real family adaptability,dissatisfaction of family cohesion and dissatisfaction of family adaptability were the influencing factors of coping with fatigue in patients suffered high paraplegia caused by cervical spine fracture.Conclusions Family cohesion and adaptability was correlated with the coping with fatigue in patients suffered high paraplegia caused by cervical spine fracture.

Objective To explore the relationship between family care and postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) in patients undergoing spinal surgery.Methods Patients undergoing spinal surgery were questionnaired by Family APGAR Index and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 1 week after operation.They were divided into the POCD group and non-POCD group,and the scale of Family APGAR Index was compared between the two groups.Then the pearson correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to explore the effect of family care on POCD.Results ①35％ (35/100) patients undergoing spinal surgery sufferd POCD.②The partnership,affection,resolve and the total score of Family APGAR Index in the POCD group ((1.25 ± 0.45),(1.36 ± 0.41),(1.27 ± 0.42),(5.85 ± 1.30)) were significantly lower than that in the nonPOCD group((1.63 ± 0.56),(1.63 ± 0.52),(1.65 ± 0.51),(6.74 ± 1.56)) (P ＜ 0.05).③Pearson correla tion analysis showed that the MMSE was negatively correlated with the partnership,affection and resolve(r=-0.426,-0.382,-0.482,P ＜ 0.05).④Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the resolve,partnership,affection were the influence factor of POCD in patients undergoing spinal surgery.Conclusions The decline of family care can lead to POCD.

Objective To evaluate the effects of FTY720 pretreatment on lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 230-260 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),I/R group and FTY720 group (group F).Bilateral hind limb I/R was induced by applying rubber band tourniquet high around each thigh for 3 h followed by 3 h of reperfusion.FTY720 was given by intragastric gavage at 3 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 7 consecutive days before I/R in group F,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group I/R.At the end of reperfusion,blood samples were collected from the carotid artery for blood gas analysis,and oxygenation index (OI) was calculated.The rats were then sacrificed and lungs removed for examination of pathological changes (with light microscope) and for determination of apoptosis rate (using flow cytometry) and expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP),caspase-12,c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),Bcl-2 and Bax protein in lung tissues (using Western blot).Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group S,OI was significantly decreased in group I/R,and apoptosis rate was increased,the expression of CHOP,caspase-12,JNK and Bax protein was up-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated,and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was increased in I/R and F groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,OI was significantly increased,apoptosis rate was decreased,the expression of caspase-12,CHOP,Bax and JNK protein was down-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated,and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was decreased in group F (P＜0.05).The pathological changes of lungs were significantly attenuated in group F as compared with group I/R.Conclusion FTY720 pretreatment can attenuate lung injury induced by limb I/R in rats,and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related cell apoptosis.