Objective To investigate the expressions of Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) and β-catenin in extramammary Paget's disease tissue as well as their significance.Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the protein expressions of NHERF1 and β-catenin in paraffin-embeded tissue samples from 18 patients with in situ and 22 patients with invasive extramammary Paget's disease.Results There was a high expression of NHERF1 protein in 18 (81.82％) invasive and 7 (38.89％) in situ extramammary Paget's disease samples (x2 =7.78,P ＜ 0.01).Statistical differences were observed in the membrane expression rate and cytoplasmic or nuclear expression rate of β-catenin between invasive and in situ extramammary Paget's disease tissue samples (0 (0/22) vs.33.33％ (6/18),x2 =8.63,P ＜ 0.01; 81.82％ (18/22) vs.44.44％ (8/18),x2 =6.08,P ＜ 0.05).In extramammary Paget's disease in situ tissue samples,the expression of NHERF1 was negatively correlated with the cytomembrane expression of β-catenin (ρ =-0.488,P ＜ 0.01),but positively correlated with the cytoplasmic or nuclear expression of β-catenin (ρ =0.623,P ＜ 0.01),and there was a negative correlation between the cytomembrane and cytoplasmic or nuclear expression of β-catenin (ρ =-0.572,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions There is an abnormal expression of NHERF1 and β-catenin in extramammary Paget's disease tissue,which may be associated with the initiation,progression,and invasion of primary extramammary Paget's disease.

Objective To investigate the food allergy status of infants and young children in community in Shanghai and the influencing factors.Methods The infants aged 0 ～ 36 months in Huamu community in Shanghai were selected and detected with total total serum IgE and 20 specific IgE.Food elimination tests and food stimulation test was used to confirm the allergy.All the confirmed infants were followed up for 6 months.Results The rate of food allergy in children was 9.82％.The most common allergens were egg whites (39.2％) and milk (27.4％).The most common clinical manifestation was eczema.There was no significant difference in food allergy between infants with different sex and birth ways (P ＞ 0.05).With the decreasing of age,the food allergy rate increased significantly.The rate of food allergy was significantly higher in infants with antibiotics,parental allergies and non breast-feeding infants than that with unused antibiotics,non parental allergies and breast feeding.Logistic factor analysis showed that age,use of antibiotics during pregnancy,breast feeding,and parental allergy were the risk factors for food allergy in infants.Conclusion Age,use of antibiotics during pregnancy,breast-feeding,and parents'allergies can significantly affect food allergies in infants and children.

Objective To investigate the food allergy status of infants and young children in community in Shanghai and the influencing factors.Methods The infants aged 0 ～ 36 months in Huamu community in Shanghai were selected and detected with total total serum IgE and 20 specific IgE.Food elimination tests and food stimulation test was used to confirm the allergy.All the confirmed infants were followed up for 6 months.Results The rate of food allergy in children was 9.82％.The most common allergens were egg whites (39.2％) and milk (27.4％).The most common clinical manifestation was eczema.There was no significant difference in food allergy between infants with different sex and birth ways (P ＞ 0.05).With the decreasing of age,the food allergy rate increased significantly.The rate of food allergy was significantly higher in infants with antibiotics,parental allergies and non breast-feeding infants than that with unused antibiotics,non parental allergies and breast feeding.Logistic factor analysis showed that age,use of antibiotics during pregnancy,breast feeding,and parental allergy were the risk factors for food allergy in infants.Conclusion Age,use of antibiotics during pregnancy,breast-feeding,and parents'allergies can significantly affect food allergies in infants and children.

Objective To explore the application effect of volunteer service in the practical teaching of Traditional Chi-nese Pediatrics.Methods In 2023,80 undergraduate interns from the 2021 cohort at Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,who were shadowing in the pediatrics department of a traditional Chinese medicine hospital in Yunnan,were randomly selected as research subjects.They were divided into an experimental group and a control group.The experimental group received teaching through a combination of volunteer service and traditional teaching methods,while the control group was taught using tra-ditional classroom methods.Results The experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group in clinical skills assessments,Mini-CEX scores,subject recognition evaluations,and teaching satisfaction,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion The use of volunteer service in the practical teaching of Traditional Chinese Pediatrics is highly feasi-ble and can significantly enhance students'clinical practice abilities,stimulate their enthusiasm for learning,foster independent thinking,and improve their overall clinical competencies.

Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched by the World Health Assembly in 1988, significant progress has been made in global polio prevention and control. But the occurrence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis cases and vaccine-derived poliovirus related cases have become a major challenge during the post-polio era. While coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has brought serious disease burden and economic burden to all countries in the world, prevention and control of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases such as polio should not be neglected under the background of the global common fight against COVID-19. Taking the type Ⅲ VDPV cycle event in Shanghai as an example, the paper discussed how to do a good job of routine inoculation under the prevention and control of COVID-19 to strictly prevent the outbreak of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases.
COVID-19 ; China ; Humans ; Poliovirus ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination