Objective To investigate the causes of biliary tract complications after liver transplantation, and to put forward effective measures of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Methods The literatures of recent years were reviewed and summarized. Results The causes of biliary tract complications after liver transplantation are very complex, and there are no standard preventive measures. Treatment differs according to causes. Conclusion One of the most important causes leading to biliary complications is preservative and ischemic injury. Poorly operative techniques and blood supply to biliary tract are also disastrous. Improving T tube placement can reduce the incidence of biliary complications related with T tube. To prevent biliary complications, it is crucial to completely wash the biliary tract, avoid damaging the blood supply to donor biliary tract and manage perfect biliary mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis without tension. T tube cholangiography combined with noninvasive MRCP enables accurate depiction of the biliary tree and diagnosis of biliary complications. Doppler ultrosonography should be routinely applied postoperatively. Timely application of interventional radiological technique is a valuable nonoperative procedure for treatment of biliary complications. Meanwhile, biliary sludge or cholestasis and mixed infections of biliary tract should be handled actively and properly.

POEMS syndrome is a rare clonal plasma cell disease characterized by polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes. Significant advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of POEMS syndrome over the last decade. In this study, we reviewed the diagnostic criteria and characteristic features of POEMS syndrome. We also focused on the role of the characteristic features of POEMS syndrome in early diagnosis. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation has become the first-line treatment for younger patients with normal organ function because it has resulted in a high response rate and durable remission. Melphalan and dexamethasone is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for older patients and those with organ dysfunction. Patients with poor performance status or renal function can benefit from novel agents that can also improve transplantation eligibility.

Tie2 expressing monocytes (TEMs) only present in human circulating blood and tumor organs,and have an important role in tumor angiogenesis and progression.TEMs are effectively recruited to tumors by angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) and hypoxia and then differentiate into macrophages,which promote the angiogenesis in experimental tumor models by providing paracrine support to nascent blood vessels.Studies show that TEMs are up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma,colorectal cancer,breast cancer,malignant glioma and other human cancers,which suggests that TEMs are conducive to diagnosis and prognosis of tumors.With the further research,TEMs are applied to deliver drugs which can obtain significant anti-tumor responses and inhibit metastasis with the ability of tumor-homing.Meanwhile,TEMs may also be a potential target for the anticancer drugs.However,the present researches indicate that the effects of TEMs in tumor microvessel density,clinical stage and prognosis are still questionable.Current works that aim at describing and predicting the concrete function of TEMs have attracted significant attention from researchers.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection status and antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma in our area,so as to instruct the rational use of antibiotics.METHODS Genitourinary secretions were collected with swabs.They were cultured with the diagnostic kit of Mycoplasma(Biomerieux Company).Meanwhile the susceptibility of Mycoplasma against 9 antimicrobial agents was tested with the same kit.According to the instrnction of the kit,the results were read.The data were statistically analyzed.RESULTS A total of 382 samples were collected,and the positive rate was 44.8%.which were composed by Uu 69.6%,Mh2.9%,and Uu+Mh infection 8.8% and low titer Uu+Mh infection 18.7%.The result of drug sensitivity showed that sensitivity of Mycoplasma to pristinamycin PRI,86.5% was the highest,then was to JOS(84.8%)and CIP(26.3%).CONCLUSIONS Ureaplasma urealyticum is the major cause of infection in genitourinary system.It shows serious resistance to commonly used antibiotics.Sensitive antibiotics should be selected based on the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests so as to raise the clinical curative effects.

Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; therapy

Humans ; POEMS Syndrome ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To establish a method for detection of RhD(+) red blood cells mixed in D-negative blood by flow cytometry(FCM).Method RhD(+) and RhD(-) RBCs were mixed according to predefined ratios.Cells were indirectly labeled,with IgG anti-D labeled as the first antibody,and FITC-anti-IgG F(ab')2 as the second antibody.The percentage of RhD(+) RBCs was determined by FCM,and the best dosage of IgG anti-D was also defined.The ratio of red cells in the two groups,measured by FCM,was compared with the actual ratio.The consistency of method was also evaluated.Results The effective dosage of IgG anti-D was 1∶4,and 50?l/1?106 cells.When the actual percentages of RhD(+) cell among RhD(-) cells were 2.5%-0.312%,the correlation coefficient between the percentages measured by FCM and the actual percentages was 0.987.The same tubes,containing 10% and 2.5% RhD(+) RBCs,were each tested for 10 times,and their coefficient of variation were 3.4%,and 4.9%,respectively.Conclusion The method of quantifying the RhD(+) RBCs in D-negative blood by FCM is feasible and repeatable,which deserves a further clinical application.

Objective To contrast the image qualities and the display percentage of vessel branches in cerebral angiography by two techniques, namely, Digital Subtraction CT Angiography (DSCTA) and Dual Energy Subtraction CT Angiography (DECTA). Methods 40 patients were divided averagely into Group A and Group B. All of them underwent head CTA exam, employing Somaton Definition Dual-Source CT of Siemens. The patients in Group A were under the mode of single tube and single energy by DSCTA, meanwhile the patients in Group B were under the mode of dual tube and dual energy by DECTA. Then the image quality of two groups and the display percentage of main vessels and branch were contrasted. Results 18 patients out of 20 in Group A succeeded in subtraction while 2 cases failed because of patients′ motion. The rate of success was 90%; 20 patients in Group B did subtraction successfully and the achievement ratio was 100%; there was no great difference on cerebral main vessels and branches which displayed in image between two groups. But the image quality of group A was superior to that of Group B. Conclusion As the development of dual-source CT′s hardware and software, DECTA Cerebral Angiography will be applied widely in clinic.

Aged ; Amyloidosis ; complications ; Factor X Deficiency ; complications ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis ; Male

Objective Ouabain is a cardiotonic steroid that can induce the apoptosis of many tumorous cells .This study was to investigate the anti-tumor mechanisms of ouabain by observing its effects on the apoptosis of T lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells and the expressions of hTERT and c-myc mRNA and protein . Methods Jurkat cells were treated with ouabain at the concentrations of 50 and 100 nmol/L for 24 and 48 hours, and those treated with 1 ×PBS served as the control .Then the apoptosis rate of the cells was detected by flow cytometry after Annexin V/PI staining, the expressions of hTERT and c-myc mRNA determined by RT-PCR, and those of hTERT and c-myc protein by Western blot . Results The apoptosis rates of the Jurkat cells in the 50 and 100 nmol/L oua-bain groups were (5.67 ±3.71)%and (9.63 ±4.83)%respectively at 24 hours, and (19.67 ±4.55)%and (37.60 ±11.89)%at 48 hours, significantly higher than (4.23 ±1.01)%in the PBS control group at 48 hours (P<0.05).Compared with the control, the expressions of hTERT and c-myc mRNA were decreased by 200%and those of hTERT and c-myc protein by 224%and 400%, re-spectively, at 48 hours (P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between the reduction of the mRNA levels and that of the protein levels of hTERT and c-myc (P<0.05). Conclusion Ouabain can down-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of hTERT and c-myc, which may be one of the mechanisms of its induction of the apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphocyte leukemia cells .