Objective To explore the effects of ischemic postconditioning on myocardial apoplosis in the heart of diabetic rat and investigate (he signal transduction pathway changes induced by ischemia postconditioning. Methods Diabetic model was induced by streptozotozin (STZ)45 mg/kg. All rats were injected with STZ intravenously and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 /group):(1) Ischernia-reperrusion (IR) group:the rats were subjected to 30 minutes ischemia by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (LADO),and reperfusion without additional intervention; (2) IPost plus wortmannin group.after 30 minutes of LADO,rats were treated with wortmannin (15 μg/kg, iv) at 5 minutes before coronary reperfusion,and then followed by IPost treatment and 2 hours reperfusion; (3) IPost group:after 30 minutes of LADO,the coronary artery was occluded for 30 seconds and repeated 3 limes. The coronary artery was reperfused for 2 hours; (4)IR plus wortmannin group:at 5 minutes before coronary reperfusion, rats were treated with wortmannin (15 μg/kg,iv) and followed by 2 hours reperhision. Myocardial apoptosis was measured by TUNEL,and the myocardial Bcl-2,Bax, Phospho-Alct (ser473) and Akt expression were assessed by Western blot. Results Compared with other groups,myocardial apoptosis and Bax protein expression significantly reduced (P < 0.01),and the Bcl-2 protein expression,the ratio of Phospho-Akt (ser473) to Akt increased significantly (P< 0.01). Phosphatidylionsitol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin prevented the increase of Bcl-2 protein expression, the ratio of Phospho-Akt (ser473) to Akt. Conclu-sion Ischemic postconditioning can reduce the myocardial apoplosis in the heart of diabetic rat. The effects were partly mediated through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

In order to study the effect of pulse Nd:YAG laser on hypersensitive dentin and inner wall of root canal.The morphologi- cal changes were observed with a SEM.The results showed that the low power with high energy density.Laser irradiation did not do harm to normal teeth tissue.The melted layer of dentin matrix extended to dentinal tubles,and the dentinal tubles were sealed to a depth of 15 um.The conventional preparation of root canal with laser irradiation provided much advantage in clearing the stained layer of inner wall in comparison with conwentional preparation of root canal alone.

Objective To compare the distribution and expression differences of glycogen synthase kinase-3?(GSK3?) among normal adult,aged and amyloid beta(A?)-induced neurodegenerative rat brains,so as to explore its functional role in neurodegeneration. Methods Aggregated A? was microinjected into normal adult rat hippocampus under a stereotaxic system. The rats over 12 months were defined as aged rats. The distribution and localization of GSK3? were examined using immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was performed to assess expression change in cortex and hippocampus quantitatively. Results The GSK3? positive cells were distributed extensively around the whole brain and almost with neuron-like morphology. In normal adult rats,the strong anti-GSK3? immunoreactivity located in the neocortex pyramidal layer,hippocampus pyramidal layer,dentate gyrus,thalamus,substantia nigra,etc. The amount of GSK3? positive cells was much more in the aged and A?-injected group than in normal ones. The immunoreactive signals usually extend to the distal area of neurite in the A?-injected ones. Western blot showed that the expression intensity of GSK3? was stronger in the aged and neurodegenerative rat brain than in the normal adult rat brain. Conclusion The expression of GSK3? increases apparently in the neurons of aged and A?-injected brain. It may play a role in the neurodegenerative process.

AIM: To study p42/p44 mitogen - activated protein kinases ( MAPK ) signal transduction pathway effect on vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression induced by elevated glucose concentration in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium ( hRPE) .
METHODS:hRPE cells were cultured and divided into four groups:normal glucose group (NG) (5. 6mmol/L), high glucose group ( HG1:15mmol/L D-glucose, HG2:20mmol/L D - glucose, HG3:30mmol/L D - glucose ), PD98059 group: hRPE cells were treated by an efficient and selective inhibitor PD98059 (20μmol/L) of p42/p44MAPK signal transduction pathway and solvent dimethyl sulfoxide group ( DMSO group) . The expression of VEGF and pigment epithelium derived factor ( PEDF ) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. VEGF protein expression in cultured hRPE supernatants was detected by enzyme-linked immumosorbent assay ( ELISA) .
RUSULTS: VEGF mRNA and protein expression induced by elevated glucose concentration increased significantly. VEGF mRNA and protein expression were restrained in PD98059 group. Ratio of ( VEGF/β-actine)/( PEDF/β - actine ) in PD98059 group decreased significantly compare with that in high glucose group.
CONCLUSION: p42/p44MAPK signal transduction pathway might play a part in VEGF expression induced by elevated glucose concentration in cultured hRPE cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of lithium chloride(LiCl),an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta(GSK-3beta),on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells(NSCs).Methods The NSCs were isolated from cortex of rat fetus and expanded in culturing system.Their morphological changes and attachment process were observed under microscope.The cell cycle dynamics of NSCs was examined with flow cytometry.And the expression of GSK-3β and β-catenin was examined quantitatively with Western blot.Results The culturing NSCs treated with LiCl were usually floated and much dispersed in the media.Many of the neurospheres became small and the time of attachment after serum induction became longer.Using flow cytometry,it was detected that the proportion of G1 phase NSCs declined gradually accompanying the increased concentration of LiCl,while the percentage of S and G2/M phase cells showed an increasing trend.Western blotting results revealed β-catenin expression increased whereas Gsk-3βdecreased gradually under the treatment of LiCl and also showed a dose dependent manner.Conclusion These results suggest that LiCl may promote the proliferation of NSCs and prevent them from differentiating,which may partly involve the activation of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The diversity in Tibetan kefir grains and dynamics of the microbial community during the fermentation of Tibetan kefir by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting technique were studied.The results showed that bacterial community of Tibetan kefir grains was more complex than that of yeast.The bacteria communities between different Tibetan kefir grains showed 78%～84% similarity, and yeast 80%～92%.Bands B, E and N of DGGE profiles of the microbial community during fermentation of Tibetan kefir were present throughout the fermentation.Analysis of sequence date showed the majority of the DGGE bands of bacteria community corresponded to LAB, and the most intense band (band E) was completely homology to Lactococcus lactis.

OBJECTIVETo study on the reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) the rotational alignment reference bony landmarks of the proximal tibial component on magnetic resonance image (MRI) were measured.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to December 2013, 80 normal knees of Chinese volunteers including 35 males and 45 females with an average age of (35.4±6.1) years were reviewed. The images of the knees were obtained by MRI. The surgical epicondylar axis (STEA) was identified in the femoral transverse sections and then was projected to the side of tibia, forming the SETA'. A line connecting the medial border of the patellar tendon and the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion (Akagi line) and its vertical line (AK), as well as a line connecting the medial 1/3 of the patellar tendon and the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion and its vertical line (AP), were identified in the tibial transverse sections. The angles were measured between the AK, AP and STEA'.

RESULTSThe angle between AK and STEA' was (0.59±2.07)°, and there was no significant difference between the two lines (t=-2.54, P=0.13). The mean angle between AP and STEA' was (3.21±2.04)°, and there was a significant difference between the two lines (t=14.05, P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the AK and AP (t=-11.68, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in TKA is good.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rotation ; Tibia ; surgery

Objective To explore virtual three-dimensional (3D)model for intravascular interventional devices,the method of preoperative simulation and its value in clinical work.MethodsThe virtual models including catheter,guide wire,stent and coil were established by using the 3D moulding software of 3D Studio MAX R3. The interventional preoperative simulation was performed on personal computer including 21 patients of cerebral aneurysm embolization ( anterior communicating artery 5,posterior communicating artery 10,middle cerebral artery 3,internal carotid artery 2,and vertebral artery 1 ),during interventional procedures,the surgeon relied on the simulation results for plastic micro-guide wire,catheter and the release of micro-coils and stents.Results( 1 ) All the virtual instruments and real instruments had similar shape,the overall tine for constructing virtual model was about 20 hours.The preoperative simulation took 50 to 80 minutes. (2) The simulation result of catheter insertion in the 18 cases had relevant value to guide micro-catheter,molding micro-guide wire tip,and shortened the operating time.For embolization,the simulation results of filling coil and releasing stent were similar to surgical results in 76％ of the patients (16/21).(3)For teaching and training,93％ (38/41) of doctors in training believed that preoperative simulation facilitated the understanding of surgery. ConclusionsThe method of virtual model of intravascular interventional devices was reliable.The preoperative simulation results could be used to guide practical clinical operation with relatively high degree of similarity,and could play a role in promoting researches on interventional virtual operations.

Objective To explore the methods and curative effect of metallic self-expanding stent in inoperable malignant gas-troduodenal obstruction. Methods The data of 15 cases with gastroduodenal obstruction including 9 cases of carcinoma of head of pancreas and 6 cases of carcinoma of stomach were analyzed retrospectively. The operative procedures of the stent implanted and the tors accepted more radiation dose because the manipulation was under the fluoroscopy in a short distance and with a full field of view. sions, the postoperative eating habit and the development turnover of disease. The main death reasons were tumor transfer and sys-tem exhaustion. Conclusion To pay close attention to the details and main points of operative procedure is the key point to implant stent successfully for malignant gastroduodenal obstruction. The determinative factor to influence the curative effect is the develop-ment turnover of tumor.

Objective To explore the establishment method of virtual three-dimensional model of the virtual artery and interven-tional devices,and its application value.Methods The virtual models including virtual artery system,catheter,guide wire,stent and coil were established by using the three-dimensional moulding software of 3D Studio MAX R3.The study about interventional preoperative simulation and assistant instruction were run in personal computer.Results ①All the virtual instruments and real in-struments were highly similar shape,the arterial system in the visual display was similar to realistic system.②All arteries branches had own name,could be arbitrarily adjusted curvature,diameter and established the lesion morphology.③The reference value of preoperative simulation results to guide the actual surgery included following aspects:to guide the reasonable shaping of micro-cathe-ter and micro-guide wire tip,to plan the coil and stent deployment location,number and size.④In training and teaching,the preop-erative simulation could assist doctors in learning and remembering the artery branch and establishing the concept of three-dimen-sional space,and enhanceing the intention understanding of surgery.Conclusion The establishment method of virtual model of the virtual artery and interventional devices is reliable.The preoperative simulation results can be used to guide practical operation with relatively high accuracy,and it has an important supporting role for the teaching and training of medical students.