Cancer metastasis is composed of a complex cascade that involves a variety of critical steps beginning with detachment from the primary tumor and ending with growth of tumor at a distant site, such as bone. The "seed-and-soil hypothesis" predicts that the bone microenvironment expresses factors through which attract a variety of cancer cells and promote the tumor development. The ending point of tumor development in bone is achieved through the bidirectional and dynamic interaction between tumor cells and the cells in their growth microenvironment. A variety of factors produced by the bone microenvironment, contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer skeletal metastasis. In this review, using prostate cancer (CaP) as an example, some of general mechanisms of cancer metastasis will be summarized. In addition, the current understanding of the interaction between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment will be addressed. Finally, the research directions in the near future will be suggested.

Objective To explore the effect of budesonide(BUD) on dendritic cell(DC) and airway inflammation in the asthmatic mice.Methods Forty female Kunming mice were divided into 4 groups:asthmatic model group,therapeutic control group,BUD treated group,and normal control group,with 10 mice in each group.Mice were sensitized by an intraperitoneal injection of 50 ?g ovalbumin(OVA) adsorbed to 1 mg aluminum hydroxide dissolved in 0.2 mL saline.Animals were boosted on the 14th day in the same way.From the 21th to 35th days,and mice were challenged with 10 g/L aerosolized OVA for 30 min a day to establish a murine model of asthma.To evaluate the effect of BUD,60 minutes prior to OVA exposure,the mice were treated with 1 mg aerosolized BUD or placebo(saline).Control animals were sensitized intraperitoneally with saline and challenged with aerosolized saline alone.Eosinophil(EOS) count,degree of mucus secretion and DC count around the airways were measured by haematoxylin and eosin staining,periodic acid schiff's staining,immunochemistry technique and computerized image analysis system.Results In asthmatic model group,EOS count,DC count and the degree of mucus secretion around the airways were increased compared with nomal control group(P_a0.05).In BUD treated group,EOS count,DC count and the degree of mucus secretion around the airways were decreased compared with the asthmatic model group(P_a

Objective: To investigate the effect of all trans retinoid acid (ATRA) on bone cell proliferation and differentiation. Methods: Newborn rat calvarial osteoblastic cells were isolated and the metabolism of the osteoblastic cells were determined by MTT, Goldens method and immunocytohistologic method. Results: 10 -5 , 10 -6 , 10 -7 , 10 -8 , 10 -9 mol/L ATRA could increase osteoblastic cells proliferation after 72 h culture; 10 -5 , 10 -6 , 10 -7 mol/L ATRA could increase ALP activity. The expression of cyclin D 1 was decreased. Conclusion: ATRA stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of rat calvarial osteoblastic cells in vitro. Cell cycle relative proteins may play an important role in control of cell proliferation and differentiation induced by retinoic acid and derivatives.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the soft-shell technique with domestic materials during the cataract phacoemulsification. Methods Eighty-two eyes of 76 patients with the mature cataract phacoemulsification were divided into 3 groups randomly, including 28 eyes using the soft-shell technique with sodium tvlose and sodium hyaluronate (the domestic group),and 28 eyes using DuoVisc (Viscoat+ProVisc) (the import group), and 26 eyes using sodium hyaluronate (the common group). Results The average naked vision was 0.50 ± 0.22,0.51 ± 0.27,0.27 ± 0.21 respectively on the first day after operation.There was no signiticant difference between the domestic group and the import group (P＞0.05 ), while the first two groups and the common group had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05). The average naked vision was 0.61 ± 0.17,0.63 ± 0.18,0.58 ± 0.18 respectively 7 days after operation. There was no statistical difference among the three groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). The rate of corneal endothelial cells 1 month after operation was 7.1% in the domestic group,7.0% in the import group and 15.9% in the common group. It was clear that the rate in the domestic group and the import group was much lower than that in the common group. Meanwhile, the difference existed statistically between the two groups and the common group (P ＜ 0.01 ). However, the difference between the domestic group and the import group had no statistical significance. Conclusion The soft-shell technique with domestic materials is as safe and effective as that with the import materials in protecting the corneal endothelial cells during the cataract surgery in patients with the mature cataract.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Nimodipine on the hemorrheology and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in the patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) and to explore the mechanism.Methods50 cases with VBI were divided into Nimodipine group (25 cases) and routine therapy group (25 cases). The hemorrheology and BAEP were measured before the treatment and 1 month later.ResultsThe blood viscosity,including the whole blood viscosity shear value, plasma viscosity and blood fat of patients with VBI was increased. The total abnormity rate of BAEP was 76%. The main abnormity was brainstem type. The hemorrheology and the function of nerve conduction were improved distinctly (P<0.05) after treatment. Compared with the routine therapy group, the level of plasma viscosity was decreased markedly (P<0.05) in Nimodipine group, and peak latency of V wave, interpeak latency of III-V and I-V were also improved significantly (P<0.05).Conclusions Nimodipine can improve the hemorrheology and the function of nerve conduction in patients with VBI.

Objective To investigate the significance of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) scoring system in evaluating elderly patients with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Methods Elderly patients with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state were enrolled in the study from January 2003 to May 2008. The patients were divided into two groups according to the outcome: death group and survival group. APACHE Ⅱ scoring system was used on the day of admission and the scores were compared in the two groups. The risk factors for death were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Results Forty patients were registered including 10 cases in death group and 30 cases in survival group. The mortality rate was 25%. There were no differences in blood glucose, serum sodium, blood osmotic pressure, serum creatinine and hemoglobin between two groups before the treatment (t=-1.50～1.53, all P>0.05). The APACHE Ⅱ scores were significantly higher in death group than in survival group on the day of admission(30.1±5.4 vs. 22.9±3.9,Z=-4.08, P<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that APACHE Ⅱ scores on the day of admission were the independent risk factor for death. Age, sex, blood glucose, effective blood osmotic pressure, serum creatinine and hemoglobin were not related to mortality rate. Conclusions APACHE Ⅱ scoring system is a helpful method for evaluating the severity and outcome of patients with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state.

Cyclodextrin(CD) is gradually applied in the nonviral gene vector system,due to its biocompatibility and flexibility of tailing via structural modification,polymerization or supramolecular combination.The ideas and research progress of the CD,its low molecular derivatives,CD polymers and CD supramolecular combination in the field of norviral gene vectros were reviewed,and their "structure-safety-transfection efficiency" relationships were discussed.

Objective To investigate the current status of coal-burning endemic fluorosis and the fluoride content in foods and drinking water in Hongya County,Sichuan Province.Methods Dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride were suveyed in children of 8～12 years old in two schools which repectively located in Gaomiao and Wawushan Town.The adults above 20 years old underwent clinical examination.At the same time,fifty adults above 20 years old in Garden Village were chosen to take forearm and calf X-ray films to find out the evidence of skeletal fluorosis.The content of fluoride in food such as bacon,corn,dry capsicum in Sanxing Village in Gaomiao Town and Futian Village in Wawushan Town as well as drinking water in five families in Sanxing Village were determined.Results The dental fluorosis rate of children was 40.76%(161/395),the dental fluorosis index was 0.86 in Gaomiao Town.The dental fluorosis rate of children was 14.36%(82/571),the dental fluorosis index was 0.31 in Wawushan Town.The medium value of the urine fluoride was 0.81 mg/L.ranged 0.16～3.89 mg/L.The positive rate oi the clinical examination of skeletal fluorosis was 5.27%(27/512),the X-rays detective rate was 4.00%(2/50).The medium value in bacon,corn,dry capsicum were 6.00,0.64,1.49 mg/kg.The averaged content of the fluoride in drinking water(0.14±0.06)mg/L of local household was within the eligible limitation.Conclusions It is currently a mild endemic disease in Hongya Country,its incidence is reduced apparently,pathogenetic environmental fluoride content is reduced.The main source of fluoride is from the preserved ham contaminated with fluoride,which is epidemiologically significant in endemic area of Hongya County.Defluoriding countermeasures should be taken in the endemic areas.

Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Levofloxacin ; Middle Aged ; Ofloxacin ; therapeutic use ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; complications ; drug therapy

BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to self-renew and have pluripotent potential under specific conditions in vitro, which have broad application prospects in clinical practice. However, isolation and culture of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells stil appear to have many difficulties and shortcomings. OBJECTIVE:To isolate and culture rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro in order to study their morphology, cellsurface markers and biological properties as wel as to investigate the osteogenic and adipogenic potentials of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. METHODS:Primary adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of posterior cervical region from New Zealand white rabbits and digested by 0.1%col agenase I. The cells were passaged and amplified by the trypsin digestion. The passage 4 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate after exposure to adipogenic or osteogenic medium. The oil red O staining, alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining were used to detect the results. The cellviability was detected by the cellcounting kit 8 method to drawn the growth curve. cellsurface markers were examined using flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of rabbits exhibited a fusiform adherent growth in a vortex pattern, and had a strong capability of proliferation that could be passaged stably to the 10th generation. Flow cytometry results showed that the cells highly expressed CD29, CD90, CD44, but lowly expressed CD45 and CD34. After adipogenic induction, the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were positive for oil red O staining;after osteogenic induction, the cells were both positive for alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining. These findings suggest that the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were successful y isolated and cultured from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of rabbits, and these cells are pluripotent with the potential to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts, which are expected to be ideal seed cells for bone tissue engineering.