The result of medical licensing examination is an objective reflection of the quality of medical education. The average scores and pass rates of medical licensing examination of the military medical university including The Third Military Medical University, were under the national average levels, which made us find the problems, therefore, reflection on curriculum structure, teaching method, administration mode and continuing education should be integrated to the requirement of the medical licensing examination, so as to let the students meet the complex demand of the society, as well as the special requirement of military service.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) in optic nerve, visual cortex, cerebella, spinal cord and sciatic nerve of normal adult mice.MethodsTwelve healthy adult BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into two groups.The immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of PirB in the tissues described above respectively.ResultsBoth the immunohistochemistry and Western blot test revealed that the expression of PirB was positive in the optic nerve, visual cortex, cerebella and spinal cord, but negative in the sciatic nerve.The positive signals in the sections were located in the cell bodies and the neurites were observed in some of them.Western blot showed the apparent positive band of PirB in the optic nerve, visual cortex, cerebella and spinal cord rather than in the sciatic nerve.The protein expression level of PirB was relatively high in the visual cortex (P ＜0.05) but relatively low in the optic nerves (P ＜0.01).ConclusionThe PirB expresses positively in the optic nerve, indicating that PirB protein may closely correlate with the poor regeneration of the optic nerve.

Anemia, Aplastic ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Expert Testimony ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis

Objective To develop an instrument to measure the quality of life (QOL) suitable for Chinese adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and evaluate it. Methods A list of 72 items potentially related to QOL of patients with OSAHS was constructed via discussion with OSAHS related people, as well as referring to some foreign QOL instruments. Twenty patients were asked to identify the most significant items. Then, frequency, importance and impact score, which is the product of frequency and importance, of the items were calculated. Those items with an impact score equal to or greater than 1.5 were retained in the instrument. Fifty-two OSAHS patients were divided into two groups based on their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (AHI

Objective To investigate the expression of human spindle mitosis arrest deficiency gene (hsMAD2)in spontaneous abortion embryos and the relationship between low expression of hsMAD2 and numerical chromosomal aberration. Methods Spontaneous abortion embryo tissues were collected,including 23 cases of once spontaneous abortion tissue and 10 cases of twice or more spontaneous abortion tissue and induced abortion embryos(35 cases)from the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Affilisted Hospitals of Chongqing University of Medical Science during the period of March 2006 to March 2007.FQ-PCR and western blot were used to evaluate the endogenous expression level of hsMAD2 mRNA and hsMAD2 protein;primary culturing of cells from the induced abortion embryos was conducted and 5 embryonic cells were selected by chromosomes karyotype analysis.Recombinant shRNA plasmids targeting hsMAD2 gene were constructed to inhibit the expression of endogenous hsMAIY2 genes in embryonic cells which have normal karyotypes;the groups were defined as the first experimental group(transfeeted with pshRNA-hsMAD2-1),the second experimental group(transfected with pshRNA-hsMAD2-2),the third experimental group(transfected with pshRNA-hsMAD2-3),the first control group(transfected with nothing),the second control group(transfected with pTZU6+1)and the independent group(transfected with pshRNA-N1).Interference efficiency was demonstrated by FQ-PCR and western blot:cell prolireration was meagured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay;cell-cycle was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM):the chromosome numbers were calculated to analyze the variation of chromosomes.Results(1) The mRNA levels of hsMAD2 in the once spontaneous abortion tissue,twice or more spontaneous abortion tissue and indueed abortion tissue were 0.00879±0.00035.0.00901±0.00033 and 0.00941±0.00026 respectively,and there Wag no significant ditierence(P＞0.05)compared with each other;however,the protein levels of hsMAD2 in three groups were 0.2791±0.0311.0.0431±0.0020 and 0.5790±0.0331 respectively,and there were significant difierences(P＜0.05)compared with each other.(2)Recombinant shRNA plagmids could significantly and specifically inhibit hsMAD2 gene expression in embryonic cells.Compared with the first control group(4%)and the second control group(3%),the recombinant shRNA could inhibit embryonic cell proliferation to 54% at 48 h after transfection(P＜0.05):compared with the first control group(8.2%)and the second control group(8.0%),the ratios of G2/M phase cells in the experimental group(17.9%)was significantly increased(P＜0.05);compared with the first control group (4.8%),the ratios of abnormal chromosomes in the experimental group was increased to 30.0%(P＜0.05).Conclusions Down-expression of hsMAD2 gene may be one of the mechanisms inducing numerical chromosome aberration,abnormal embryo development and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion.

Objective To explore the mechanism of hBUB1 gene in the developing of spontaneous abortion embryos with numerical chromosomal abnormalitv.Methods Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein level of hsMAD2 gene both in spontaneous abortion embryos with numerical chromosomal abnormality(experimental group)and with numerical chromosomal normality(control group).Recombinant shRNA plasmids targeting hBUB1 gene was constructed to inhibit the expression of endogenous hBUB1 genes in embryonic cells.Interference efficiency was demonstrated by fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot.The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and cells-cycle was assessed by flow cytometry.Resuns Western blot analysis showed that protein level of hBUB1 in the experimental group was decreased signifieandv(the rate of positivity and strong positivity were 8%and 93.5%,respectively,P＜0.05)compared with the control group.The expression of hBUB1 gene in embryonic cells was significantly and specially inhibited by shRNA plasmids (the mRNA level before and after treatment witll RNAi were 0.196±0.067 and 0.042±0.006,respectively,P＜0.05).The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was increased to 62%from 4%at 48 h after transfection.The rate of G2/M phase cells was decreased after transfection with efficient shRNA(control group:40.2%and 41.3%,test group:21.3%).Conclusions Down-regulation of hBUB1 gene leads to the inhibition of cell proliferation and the arrest of cell-cycle.It also probably plays an important role in the development of spontaneous abortion embryos with numerical chromosomal abnormality.The clinical relevance warrant further investigation.

Chronic osteomyelitis is one of the most common disorder in clinic. In recent years due to diabetes, peripheral vascular disease and trauma induced disease increased, the prevalence rate increased. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging and CT imaging technology, it greatly improved the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of chronic osteomyclitis and ability to describe the infection characteristics, and provide a reliable basis for clinical treatment. The current research on chronic osteomyelitis mainly concentrated on the aspects of imaging applications and ways of using antibiotic optimization control inflammation, defect restoration and reconstruction of blood supply and treatment. But the best time to the antibiotic therapy and the use of program is still uncertain, for after debridement, bone grafting time and defect repair function of fast recovery still need further research.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Osteomyelitis ; diagnosis ; therapy

RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a newly-developed method in transcriptome research, it can afford more accurate transcription information and be more quickly by using Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. RNA-Seq has been widely used in various biological fields. Genuine traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), with good quality and therapeutic effect, were always praised highly and used by famous physicians. The geo-herbalism formation of TCM is based on the product of the gene expression at specific space and time. So it has been a research hotspot to analyze the mechanism of biosynthesis through RNA-Seq in the study on the secondary metabolism of medicinal plant. This article mainly illustrates the RNA-Seq and its advantages, it also discusses the potential application in genuine TCM, and it can provide useful information for other researchers.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Gene Expression Profiling ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; RNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcriptome

Genuine medicinal materials with special characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is recognized as high quality medicine. Both ancient records and modern research considered that the origin is an important reason for the formation of genuine medicinal materials. However, blindly transplanting of genuine medicinal materials has led to the quality decline and counterfeit medicines appeared in production or sale progress, which may increase the risk of accidents in TCM. Frequent accidents emerged in Chinese herbal affects its export. What's more, it is a great threat to the medication safety in TCM clinical. There is an urgent need to implement traceability systems of TCM, which could provide convenient information record and traceability of TCM circulation. This paper reviews a variety of technical methods for genuine medicinal materials traceability, and proposed the establishment of genuine medicinal materials traceability system based on two-dimensional code and network database.
Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

ObjectiveTo investigate influence of sedation and analgesia on stress reaction of post-cardiac surgery in infants with congenital heart disease.MethodsForty children with congenital heart disease were randomly divided into 2 groups after cardiac surgery.The analgesia group was given 0.5-2.0 ?g/(kg?h) fentanyl intravenous infusion in 20 children undergoing cardiovascular surgery.The control group was given 5-8 mg/(kg?dose) lbuprofen orally.Midaiolam 0.01-0.20 mg/(kg?h) was used in 2 groups for sedation by intravenous infusion or 0.05-0.10 mg/(kg?dose)by intravenous push intermittently.The effects and adverse effects of sedation and analgesia were observed on 2,8,24,48 h after surgery in each group.The levels of cortisol,growth hormone,insulin and blood glucose were measured,respectively.ResultsThere were significant differences in Ramsay,Comfort value on 2,8,24 h(Pa