Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dioxins ; pharmacology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; genetics ; metabolism ; Osteoblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

?AIM:To investigate the correlation between dry eye and different degrees of diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) in type 2 diabetic patients.?METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, 340 patients (340 eyes) with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Tear film function tests including tear meniscus height, tear film breakup time ( BUT ) , fluorescein staining, Schirmer Ⅰtest were performed followed by surveying questionnaires about dry eye. Retinal status was evaluated by retinal color photography and indirect ophthalmoscopy exam with dilated pupils to evaluate DR and whether companied by macular edema.?RESULTS:The prevalence of dry eye was 49. 41%. The mean duration of diabetes in patients with dry eye was 11.15±7.07a, while 6.92±5.45a without dry eye(P<0.01). Dry eye had the positive correlation to the development of DR. The incidence of dry eye in people with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) , moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was 1. 097 times, 1. 724 times, 2. 86 times and 5. 43 times respectively, compared with people without DR. The occurrence of dry eye in people with macular edema increased by 3. 697 times compared with people without macular edema.?CONCLUSION: Dry eye was more prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes. The incidence of dry eye increased gradually with the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy.

Azure Stains ; chemistry ; DNA, Neoplasm ; analysis ; chemistry ; Humans ; Rosaniline Dyes ; chemistry ; Staining and Labeling ; economics ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

Objective: Our aims were to evaluate the plasma vitamin A status and the function of T-cell dependent immunity in lung cancer patients， so as to explore the correlation between them. Methods：We measured the plasma vitamin A status with HPLC and checked the subsets of T lymphocyte with indirect immunofluorescence technique. Results： The levels of plasma vitamin A in lung cancer patients and in controls were(0.406±0.111)mg/L and(0.548±0.149)mg/L respectively . There was a significant difference between them(P＜0.001) . The levels of CD3， CD4，and CD4/CD8 were lower in lung cancer patients than those in controls， while the level of CD8 was higher. The plasma vitamin A had positive correlation with CD3 , CD4，and negative with CD8. Conclusion： There is defect of the plasma vitamin A and low level of the function of T cell dependent immunity in lung cancer patients，which shows the obvious correlation between them. This research supplies the basis of clinical therapy to lung cancer with vitamin A.

Objective　To analyze the advantages of intracrani al hematoma smash puncture (IHSP) in the treatment of cranial hemorrhage for the elderly. Methods　A total of 104 cases of cerebral hemorrhage a dmitted in the recent 3 years were collected and divided into 4 grou ps, i.e . group A, elderly with IHSP treatment (n=36), group B, elderly with regular medical treatment (n=33), group C, non-elderly with IHSP treatment (n= 21) and group D, non-elderly with routine therapy (n=14). The clinical and follow-up outcomes were studied and analyzed. Results　There w as significant difference in rehemorrhage rate after puncture between grou p A (0/36) and group C (2/21). Significant difference was found in early mortali ty rate in group A (16.67%) and group B (39.40%). The rate of activity of daily living (ADL) 1-2 was significantly higher in group A (58.62%) than group B (5.88 %)(P<0.005) and that of ADL 4-5 was obvious lower in group A (13.79%) than g roup B (47.06%)(P<0.025). Conclusion　Intracranial hematoma smash hemorrage is safe and efficient in the treatment of elderly cerebr al hemorrhage, especially in reducing the disability rate.

Objective To investigate the influence of epigallocatechin gallate ( EGCG)on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose. Methods Mouse podocytes cultured in high glucose were exposed to different concentrations of EGCG (0.2, 10, 100 μmol/L) or α-tocopherol (0.2 μmol/L) for 6, 12, 24 hours. The viability of podocytes was detected by MTT. The intracellular formation of ROS was detected by confocal microscopy with fluorescent probe CM-H2DCFDA and was measured by fluorescence microscopy. RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of p22phox, p47phox and p67phox mRNA in cultured podocytes exposed to different concentrations of EGCG. Results Intracellular ROS generation was significantly higher in high glucose than that in control conditions (P<0.01). EGCG could significantly inhibit ROS induced by high glucose significantly (P<0.01). EGCG (100 μmol/L) led to an inhibition of the increased production of NADPH oxidase components of p22phox and p67phox mRNA in high glucose (P<0.05). The expression of p47phox mRNA in high glucose was inhibited by EGCG(0.2 μmol/L) and ot-tocopherol(0.2 μmol/L) (P<0.05). Conclusion EGCG can protect cultured mouse podocytes from injury of high glucose by inhibiting ROS formation.

Objective To study the mechanism of hyperintensed signal at interpeduncle region in meseneephalon on DWI with diffusion sensitive gradient(Gd)applied perpendicular to the slice direetion (DWIs).Methods MRI scanning was centered at interpeduncle region.and the protocols were as follows:(1)With electrocardiograph(ECG)triggering,DWIs was acquired during systole or diastole periods respectively.(2)To observe the shape of hyperintense signal,DWIs with various slice directions was applied,which was set parallel to skull base,along Y axis,or along the oblique line between Y and Z axis with 30°to Z axis.(3)Fiber tracking was performed with the hyperintense signal as"seed"region,fractional anisotropy(FA)and ADC were derived from(multiple directions diffusion weighted imaging,MDDW).FA and ADC of hyperintease region were compared with those of the nearby fiber by using pair t-tesL Results Signal intensitv of hyperintense region on DWIs were 2296.28±38.19 and 153.81±37.91 for b=0 and b=1000 at systole period.while they were 295.36±38.84 and 154.03±37.52 at diastole period.No staffstical difference wag demonstrated between them(t=1.34,0.62,P＞0.05).The ADC valus on DWIs acquired during systole and diastole periods were(6.07±2.20)×10-4and(6.69±1.44)×10-4 mm2/s respectively.There was rio statistical difference between them(t=0.94,P＞0.05).DTI fiber tracking verified that the hyperintense region located at the decussation of superior eerebelum peduncle(SCP)in mesencephalon.It was in long and narrow heart shape or rectangular shape on DWIs.The shape depended on the direction of Gd The ADC value derived from MDDW at hyperintense region and the fiber below were(10.61±3.42)×10-4 and(9.24±2.21)×10-4 mm2/s respectively.No statistical difference was demonstrated between them(t=0.61.P＞0.05).While,the FA at hyperintensed region 0.43±0.13 was less than that of the fiber below 0.61±0.08(t=8.32.P＜0.05).Conclusions The shape of the hyperintense region on DWIs depends on the direction of Gd.The cardiac period has no effects on the hyperintense signal at peduncles,which may be attributed to the anisotropy of SCP decussation in mesencephalon.

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is well known to negatively regulate T cells responses, but its role in burn-induced T cells immune suppression remains unclear. In the present study, in order to identify the relationship between Tim-3 expression and post-burn T cells immune suppression, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to burn injury or sham injury, and the liver and spleen were harvested at the day 1 after operation. The expression level of Tim-3 on hepatic or splenic T cells and the functional properties of Tim-3(+) T cells were evaluated. It was found burn injury induced dramatically elevated Tim-3 expression on both hepatic and splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in contrast with the post-burn depletion of T cells. Furthermore, Tim-3 expression was correlated with the suppressive phenotype of T cells following burn injury, including increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α, reduced T cell proliferation and elevated co-expression of Tim-3 and PD-1. Moreover, Tim-3(+) T cells subsets were more prone to spontaneous apoptosis than Tim-3(-) T cells subsets. Our findings reinforce the idea that the up-regulated expression of Tim-3 on T cells after burn injury plays an important role in the development and maintenance of burn-induced T cell immune suppression.

Objective The effect of lead exposure on children is consistently associated with intellectual and other neurologic deficits.However the exact mechanism by which Pb~(2+) exerts toxic effects on developmental central nervous system remains unknown.Our group has found by gene-chip test that the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) mRNA was changed by lead exposure.The present study aimed to examine the effects of different level of lead exposure on the expression of mCluR5 in gestation and lactation.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to lead acetate during gestation and lactation.Three concentrations of 0.05%,0.2%,and 0.5% lead acetate were applied and considered as low,middle and high exposure group respectively.The Pb levels of blood and hippocampus of pups were analyzed at weaning to evaluate the actual lead content at the end of the exposure.The impact of lead exposure on the expression of mGluR5 mRNA and protein in hippocampal tissue of pups was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot.The potential role of the expression of mGluR5 mRNA and protein in lead neurotoxicity were discussed.Results The levels of lead in blood and hippocampus from lead-exposed rats were significantly higher than those in the controls and positively related to the degree of lead exposure.The results of real-time PCR and Western blot showed that exposure to lead acetate decreased the expression of mCluR5 mRNA and protein with a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions Hippocampal mGluR5 might be involved in lead-induced neurotoxicity.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility for reconstructing an aortic arch by a new integrated two-branched stent graft releasing in experimental canine thoracic aorta simulation system.
Methods: A new type of integrated two-branched stent graft was developed and placed in the canine thoracic aorta, the stent graft releasing in a simulated system was conducted under X-ray guidance to monitor the operating process and to explore the feasibility for invitro sent graft releasing.
Results: The new two-branched stent graft was successfully deployed in canine thoracic aorta simulation system. The releasing process was smooth, two small stent grafts were well landing, and all stent grafts were fully expanded and properly positioned.
Conclusion: Our new two-branched stent graft could successfully reconstruct the aortic arch in experimental canine. The thoracic aorta releasing system may better and truly simulate the whole process of endovascular aortic repairing, which provides a good foundation for further animal experiments.