Acetates ; poisoning ; Acute Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo study the expression pattern of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway molecules in rat lung tissue under hyperbaric oxygen exposure.

METHODSTwenty seven male SD rats were randomly divided into hyperbaric normoxia group (0.23 MPa air), hyperbaric oxygen treatment time series group (0.23 MPa oxygen, were exposed for 2 h, 4 h, 6 h or 8 h), continuous small flow of ventilation to maintain cabin O2 concentration > 99%. HE staining of lung tissue morphological changes and application oligo microarray to each time point lung were observed. Part of the PPAR pathway genes were validated by RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with hyperbaric normoxia group, the lung injury caused by hyperbaric oxygen treatment gradually deteriorated during the time series. Expression microarray analysis of gene ontology (Go) enrichment analysis results in a class of PPAR pathway class included multiple PPAR pathway molecule. RT-PCR results suggested that PPAR-8 and PPAR-Y were up-regulated in the lung tissue after a long time exposure to hyperbaric oxygen.

CONCLUSIONPro-longed hyperbaric oxygen exposure causing pulmonary oxygen toxicity can induce the activation of the PPAR pathway.

Animals ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; adverse effects ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the proper anticoagulation intensity in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement in china.

METHODSThe anticoagulation therapy intensity and the complications in 480 patients after mechanical heart valve replacement were studied.

RESULTSThe follow-up rate was 89.17%, the total patient-years (Pty) was 2,110.04 years, the mean oral import warfarin dosage was (2.81 +/- 0.95) mg/day, and native warfarin dosage (2.38 +/- 0.46) mg/day. The mean PTR value of 2 116 samples was 1.43 +/- 0.26, and the INR value of 1 195 samples was 1.63 +/- 0.49. The total hemorrhage rate was 4.60% Pty, and the hemorrhage death rate was 0.38% Pty. The PTR and INR values were higher in the hemorrhage group than in the no-hemorrhage group. (t = 1.816, P < 0.05; t = 2.407, P < 0.01). The thromboembolism rate was 0.66% Pty, and the thromboembolism death rate was 0.05% Pty. There were 15 pregnancies in 14 women patients and no malformed newborns were found.

CONCLUSIONSThe most important complication of anticoagulation therapy after mechanical heart valve replacement is hemorrhage in china; The proper anticoagulation intensities of this group are INR 1.5-2.0 and PTR 1.3-1.5. It is beneficial to adopt the low intensity anticoagulation therapy for decreasing the death rate from hemorrhage, protecting pregnant women and newborns from hemorrhage and malformation, and improving the life qualities of the patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anticoagulants ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Hemorrhage ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Care ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Thromboembolism ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Warfarin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDRecent advances on functional mapping have enabled us to conduct surgery on gliomas within the eloquent area. The objective of the article is to discuss the feasibility of a planned fractionated strategy of resection on low-grade gliomas (LGGs) involving Broca's area. We report the first surgical series of planned fractionated resections on LGGs within Broca's area, focusing on language functional reshaping.

METHODSFour patients were treated with fractionated operations for LGGs involving Broca's area. All cases underwent conventional magnetic resonance (MR) scanning, language functional MR and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) before operation. The resections were then performed on patients under awake anesthesia using intraoperative electrical stimulation (IES) for functional mapping. Pre- and post-operative neuro-psychological examinations were evaluated.

RESULTSTotal resections were achieved in all cases as confirmed by the postoperative control MR. After transient language worsening, all patients recovered to normal 3-6 months later. Language functional MR scannings have shown language functional cortical and subcortical pathway reorganization (in the perilesion or contra-lateral hemisphere) after the operation. All patients returned to a normal socioprofessional life.

CONCLUSIONSBy utilizing the dynamic interaction between brain plasticity and fractionated resections, we can totally remove the tumor involving Broca's structure without inducing permanent postoperative deficits and even improve the quality of life.

Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; psychology ; surgery ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Glioma ; physiopathology ; psychology ; surgery ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neuropsychological Tests

OBJECTIVESince the outbreak of a highly contagious new pneumonia, atypical pneumonia or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in Guangzhou area, 33 children with this syndrome were treated in the authors' hospital. The present study aimed to understand clinical characteristics and prognosis of pediatric SARS patients in Guangzhou area.

METHODSClinical manifestations, laboratory and radiologic findings, therapeutic approaches and prognosis of the 33 children with SARS in Guangzhou area were analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 33 cases, 17 were males and 16 were females. The age was between 3 months to 13 years, and 3 - 12 years old patients accounted for 82%. Five (15%) cases had an evident history of contacting SARS patient before the symptoms occurred. Another 5 (15%) cases had a history that contacts of these patients (family members or friends) developed fever and/or cough later. The most common symptoms in this cohort were fever (100%) and cough (91%). Most of the cases had high fever, higher than 39 degrees C. Near half of the cases had nonproductive cough. The initial blood cells count showed that total white blood cell (WBC) count was (2.5 - 9.7) x 10(9)/L. In 22 (67%) cases the WBC count was < 5.0 x 10(9)/L, and in 10 (30%) WBC was (5.0 - 7.0) x 10(9)/L, in 18 cases most of the WBC were lymphocyte count. Chest radiograph showed patchy infiltrates, in 15 cases the changes were unilateral, and in 18 were bilateral. The radiologic changes developed fast, in some cases the changes progressed from one side to both sides. The opacity was absorbed slowly, significant absorption took in average two weeks. Elevated ALT was found in 3 cases and elevated CK-MB in 2 cases. Treatment included isolation, good ventilation of the ward, bed rest, supportive regimens, low volume oxygen inhalation, use of Chinese traditional medicine, antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection, and anti-inflammation therapy. All the patients recovered and discharged from hospital after a mean period of 10.0 +/- 3.8 days.

CONCLUSIONSARS in children may have its own characteristics. The main clinical manifestations were high fever and cough while no severe toxic symptoms, nor respiratory failure was seen; few symptoms or signs suggesting involvement of systems other than respiratory system were seen. Chest radiograph showed uni- or bilateral asymmetric air-space infiltrates which could worsen quickly and were absorbed slowly. Though there were severe changes in the lung, the patients might not have corresponding symptoms or signs. The total white blood cell count in peripheral blood did not increase. All the patients studied had a favorable outcome after the combined treatment.

Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bed Rest ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Cough ; complications ; Female ; Fever ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Length of Stay ; Lung ; drug effects ; microbiology ; pathology ; Male ; Prognosis ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in Shanghai from 2006 to 2012.Methods Clinical and epidemiological information on CJD patients from Shanghai CJD Surveillance Network was analyzed.Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood specimens from patients were collected and used for detecting the 14-3-3 protein,and polymorphism of 129 amino acid and mutation of PRNP genes.Data was processed by EpiData (V3.0) and analyzed by SPSS (V17.0).Results In totally,one definite CJD patient together with 56 probable and 17 possible sporadic CJD patients were identified.One E200K genetic CJD case was diagnosed and another one was clinically diagnosed.No period-or geographic-related events were observed for these cases,but the houses of the two genetic CJD cases were close to each other.The mean age of onset of the probable CJD patients was 62 years old which was significantly older than that of those possible CJD patients.Conclusion Most of the CJD patients identified in Shanghai were sporadic and the number was stable from 2006 to 2012.The mean age of onset of those probable CJD patients was older than that of the possible CJD patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of escharectomy at different time-points after burn injury on the lymphocyte apoptosis and the antigen presentation function of monocytes in peripheral blood of scalded rats.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control ( C,n = 8 ), scald ( S, n = 64,without treatment after scald) , A ( n = 40, with escharectomy at 36 post-burn hour( PSH) ) , B ( n = 24, with escharectomy at 72 PSH ) groups. The rats in A , B, S groups were inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness scald. The rats in S group were sacrificed on 6,12,24,72,120,168,216, 288 PSH, while those in A and B groups were sacrificed at 72 -288 PSH, 168 -288PSH, respectively. The rats in C group were also sacrificed as control. The apoptotic rate of peripheral lymphocytes, the positive expression rate of MHC- II in mononuclear cells, the changes in concentration of IL-4 and gamma-IFN were determined in each group. The correlation of above indices were also analyzed.

RESULTS(1) The apoptotic rate of peripheral lymphocyte in S group were increased dramatically at 6PSH, peaking at 24 PSH( 18. 19+/-1.42% ) , then decreasing gradually, reaching the lowest level at 72 PSH(8. 25+/-0.56% ) , then it increased gradually again, approaching almost the peak value at 288 PSH( 17.81 +/- 1.99% ). The values were all obviously higher than those in C group( P <0.05). The apoptotic rates of peripheral lymphocyte in A and B groups were evidently lower than that in S group ( P <0. 01). (2) The positive expression rate of MHC-II in monocyte was decreased sharply at 6 PSH, and it was 20% lower than that in C group (37. 2 +/- 2. 4% ) at 24 PSH. It then increased gradually, but it was significantly lower than that in A, B groups at 288 PSH (18. 8 +/-2. 8, P <0.01). (3) The plasma level of y-IFN in S group increased gradually from 6 PSH on, peaking at 24 PSH(440. 8 +/-25. 1 )ng/L,then decreasing gradually , and it reached the lowest level at 288 PSH (51.3 +/-37.0) ng/L. The IL-4 level in S group was increased gradually ,peaking at 288 PSH (78. 1+/-2. 8) ng/L. (4) There was negative correlation between the expression rate of MHC- II in S group and IL-4/gamma-IFN ratio in escharectomy groups during 72 - 288 PSH ( r = - 0. 96, P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONEacharectomy after scald can inhibit peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis, slow down the insertional tendency of IL-4/gamma-IFN , and ameliorate the antigen presentation function of monocytes. Moreover, escharectomy during shock stage can markedly promote the immune function of monocytes.

Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Apoptosis ; Burns ; immunology ; pathology ; surgery ; Genes, MHC Class II ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Male ; Monocytes ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock, Traumatic ; immunology ; pathology

Objective] To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus( HBV) genotype and their mutations on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) . [ Methods ] A cohort study on patients with chronic HBV infection was followed up.HBV genotypes were identified by nested multiplex PCR and multiplex PCR.And HBV mutations in the basic core promoter region were sequencing by PCR amplification. [ Results] The patients infected with genotype B were followed up for an average of 8.52 years (IQR:6.67-10.75), of whom the incidence of HCC was 6.55/1 000 person-years.After follow up with an average of 8.87 years (IQR:6.85-11.33), the incidence of HCC was 11.63/1 000 person-years for the patients infected with genotype C, which were significantly higher than those infected with genotype B (P=0.006).In genotype B HBV infected patients, age (≥60 years), cirrhosis can in-crease the risk of HCC, and in genotype C patients, male, age (≥40 years), cirrhosis, C1653T, T1753V, A1762T/G1764A mutation as well.Interferon therapy can reduce the risk of HCC.In genotype C group, interferon treatment reduced HCC risk in patients carrying A1762T/G1764A mutation (HR=0.21, P=0.008) and in those without T1753V ( HR=0.08, P=0.012) and C1653T mutation ( HR=0.17, P=0.013). [Conclusion] HBV genotypes and mutation are closely associated with HCC.Patients infected with genotype C, carrying 1762T/G1764A mutation should be given priority of receiving antiviral treatments in order to prevent HCC;those carrying C1653T or T1753V mutation should be monitored closely to detect early HCC and receive timely surgical resection.

Objective To establish a discriminant model and to provide a relatively accurate scientific basis for the early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and detection of the close contacts. Methods Through logistic regression analysis, key factors were selected according to Bayes theory and key factors of TB incidence of the close contacts were screened as well as a discriminant model was established. Results The non-TB incidence discriminant function of the close contacts was described as: Y1= -39.831 (constant) + 1.927 X, (sputum-frequency) + 3.528 X2 (education) + 0.309 X3 (contact time) + 5.893 X4 (evade) + 2.140 X5 (ventilation) + 8.706 X6 (cough) + 30.970 X7 (fever). The discriminant function of non-TB incidence of the close contacts was as: Y2 =-57.875 (constant) + 2.343 X1 (sputum-frequency) + 3.965 X2 (education) + 0.361 X3 (contact time) + 6.296 X4 (evade) + 1.348 X5 (ventilation) + 12.984 X6 (cough) + 36.555 X7 (fever). Conduslon The diseriminant model night be used to contribute to the early diagnosis, early intervention and timely treatment on those close contacts of tuberculosis cases.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and feasibility of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) anatomic segmentectomy for pulmonary diseases.

METHODSBetween November 2009 and July 2011, 20 patients received consecutive VATS anatomic segmentectomy by single surgical group. There were 3 male and 17 female, aging from 32 to 81 years with a mean of 53 years. The patients included 12 cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (5 cases of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 6 cases of adenocarcinoma, and 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma), 7 cases of benign diseases (3 cases of bronchiectasis, 2 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor, 1 case of tuberculosis, and 1 case of sclerosing hemangioma) and 1 case of metastasis tumor. The locations of resected segments included 1 anterior segment, 3 posterior segments, 4 apical segments, and 2 superior segments in the right side; and 5 lingular segments, 3 trisegments, and 2 superior segments in the left side. Simultaneously, 3 patients with bronchiectasis underwent segmentectomy and lobectomy, 1 of 6 patients with adenocarcinoma underwent lingulectomy and thymectomy. The pathological TNM stages of 12 NSCLC patients were 9 cases of T1aN0M0, 1 case of T1bN0M0 and 2 cases of T2aN0M0.

RESULTSOf these 20 patients, the median operative time was 155 minutes (range, 120 to 235 minutes), the median blood loss was 50 ml (range, 10 to 600 ml), the median drainage duration was 3 d (range, 1 to 6 d), and the median hospital stay was 6 d (range, 3 to 9 d). One patient who had undergone lingulectomy had a 600 ml intraoperative bleeding from lingular artery, and the bleeding was controlled by suturing the rupture under VATS. Bloody sputum occurred in 2 patients, prolonged air leak occurred in one patient for 5 days, and one patient developed subcutaneous emphysema that spontaneously resolved. No mortality was observed for 30 days after the surgery.

CONCLUSIONSVATS anatomic segmentectomy is a feasible and safe technique with acceptable operative time, less blood loss, fewer complications, and shorter hospital stay.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Treatment Outcome