This study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University for the project of Establishment and Assessment of Ethics Review Platform for TCM Clinical Research. The Ethics Review Platform for Clinical Research is a complete system, which is a Participant Protection System. It includes four as-pects, which are the medical and health institution, ethics committee, ethics committee office, research departments and researchers. In this system, the establishment of research departments and researchers platform is the most cru-cial part. All treatment, protection, risk control, adverse event supervision, which are closely related to the Partici-pant Protection System are completed by researchers. However, during the assessment process, a series of problems were found, such as the current weak ethical consciousness of researchers, less familiar with ethical review process and do not pay equal attention to the participant protection as clinical research. This kind of problem was also found in other hospital assessments in China, which has become a short board of the Participant Protection System.Therefore, from the aspect of the ethics committee, this article presented several ethics problems which should be paid more attention to by researchers such as participant protection, plan design and conduction during the clinical research and also gave some useful advices to change the situation, according to the Assessment Standard of Ethics Review Platform for TCM Clinical Research. In this way, researchers will develop their ethical consciousness and be more familiar with the ethics review process in order to complete key task of participant protection.

OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the application of Asarum forbesii Maxim. in the fields of medicine and fine chemicals. METHODS:The essential oil was extracted from Asarum forbesii Maxim. by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and the chemical constituents of essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. RESULTS:22 constituents were identified, dominating the list were 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (mass fraction:20.47%), Eugenol methyl ether (15.37%),(Z)-9-Oleic acid(13.21%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) (12.53%),Elemicin (11.05%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (7.59), Octadecanoic acid (4.36%). CONCLUSION:The method used on essential oil extraction serves as references for the further exploitation and utilization of Asarum forbesii Maxim..

The establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)has been a major breakthrough in the field of stem cell research since 2006,and it made possible for the use of stem cells in treating retinal degenerative diseases.Research showed that fibroblast,B lymphocytes,neural stem cells,hair corneous cells,pancreatic cells,mesenchymal cells of umbilical cord stroma and amniotic membrane can be reprogrammed as iPSCs,and they are capable of differentiating into specific types of cells.Some novel developments in iPSCs study in ophthalmology also were observed over the past few years.Induced iPSCs can differentiate into retinal pigment epithelial cells,photoreceptors and other retinal cells,which lay a foundation for the therapy of retinal degenerative diseases.Differented from traditional treatment of stem cells,the generation of iPSCs makes it possible to utilize somatic cells derived from patients for stem cell therapy without provoking ethical and immunological problems.The generation of iPSCs,the current research about iPSCs in the ophthalmic field,the limitations of iPSCs in the clinic and their future development and application were reviewed.

Objective To explore effect of Simotang on gastrointestinal motility and expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) in the hypothalamus, spinal cord and duodenum of chronical stressed mice. Methods Mice were randomly divided into normal, stress and Simotang group( n= 10 in each group), and given a variety of unpredictable chronic mild stress. After 21 days gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion function were measured,the expression of VIP was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results Compared with mice in normal group( (49.81 ± 8.56)%; (51.02 ± 5.11 )% ), chronic stress increased gastric residual rate( (61.53 ±8.71 ) %; P ＜ 0.05 ) and reduced small intestine propulsion rate ( ( 31.79 ± 2.38 ) %; P ＜ 0. 05 ). There were differences in expressions of VIP positive cells and mRNA in duodenum( (8.8 ± 1.1 )/mm2 and(0. 58 ±0.03) ),hypothalamus ( ( 12.9 ± 1.5 )/mm2 and (0.81 ± 0. 07 ) ) and spinal cord ( ( 12.1 ± 1. 2)/mm2 and (0.76 ± 0.02) )in chronic stress group compared with normal group( (6.5 ± 0. 9)/mm2 and (0.43 ± 0. 04);( 10.8 ± 1.3 )/mm2and (0.57 ± 0.03 ); (9.3 ± 1.5 )/mm2 and (0.53 ± 0. 02 ) respectively). There was not difference in gastric residual rate (52.93 ± 9.15 )%, small intestine rate(48.98 ± 4.38 )% and expressions of VIP positive cells and mRNA in duodenum ( (6.7 ± 0.9)/mm2 and (0.48 ± 0. 05 ) ), hypothalamus ( ( 10. 6 ± 1.4 )/mm2 and ( 0. 61 ± 0. 05 ) )and spinal cord ( (9. 1 ± 1.3)/mm2 and(0.55 ± 0.05 ) ) in Simotang group compared with those in normal group (P ＞ 0.05 ), but there were decreased compared with those in chronic stress group (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Simotang can regulate expressions of VIP in duodenum, hypothalamusand spinal cord in chronically stressed mice.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitamin K ; Vitamin K Deficiency ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and to elucidate its possible mechanism. METHODS: The proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was detected by XTT method. Lipid droplets accumulated in cytoplasm of the differentiated preadipocytes were observed by using red O staining and quantified by colorimetry. The expressions of peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP alpha) mRNAs and proteins were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting respectively. RESULTS: APS at different concentrations (0.025-0.8 g/L) affected 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation dose-dependently. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with 0.4 g/L APS had lots of lipid droplets in the cytoplasma, which were similar to cells treated with rosiglitazone (ROS). APS significantly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha (P<0.05, P<0.01, compared with the normal control group) in the course of 3T3-LI preadipocyte differentiation. CONCLUSION: APS can promote the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, enhance the accumulation of lipid drops, and increase the terminal differentiation of preadipocytes, which may be associated with its effects in increasing the expressions of PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha mRNAs and proteins. The study suggests that APS has potential in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND:Caveolin-1 is expressed in mammalian brain and involved in the normal development of the brain, which can affect the proliferation of neural stem cells in the brain. OBJECTIVE:To acquire neural stem cells from caveolin-1 knockout embryonic mice in vitro and study their biological characteristics. METHODS:The whole brain was separated from C57BL/6 mice and caveolin-1 knockout C57BL/6 mice respectively at encyesis 14-16 days. Single cellsuspension was obtained by enzyme digestion, and cultured in the conditioned medium of neural stem cells. Fol owing 7 days of primary culture, the cells were induced in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s nutrient mixture F-12 containing 10%fetal bovine serum for 7 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The major cells of the cellsuspensions from the fetal mouse brain were dead at 1 day after culture, and some single cells floated in the medium and their transmittance were better, and then they gradual y formed multicellular bal s after 3 days. A smal amount of cells were adhered at the bottom of culture plate after passage, and a great amount of cellbal s appeared after 7 days. The proliferation rate of neural stem cells from caveolin-1 knockout mice was higher than that from normal mice. The cellbal s were nestin-positive and their differentiated cells was positive for neurofilament 200, glial fibril ary acidic protein or O4, respectively. Al of the cells from normal mouse brain were positive for caveolin-1, but the cells from caveolin-1 knockout mice were negative for caveolin-1 by immunocytochemistry. Moreover, the speed of cellbal formation and the number of cellbal s in neural stem cells from caveolin-1 knockout mice were better than those from normal mice. Caveolin-1 negative neural stem cells were cultured successful y from caveolin-1 knockout mouse brain, and the results show that caveolin-1 can promote the proliferation of neural stem cells and inhibit their differentiation in vitro.

Objective To discuss the treatment after orthotopic heart transplantation and the experiences in deal- ing with ins complications.Methods To summarize the postoperative monitoring and management of 9 cases of patients af- ter heart transplantation.Results All 9 cases got out of hospital after recovery with better postoperative cardiac function and life quality.Among of them acute rejection appeared in 1 case earlier and 2 cases later after operation.1 case died later and 1 case had acute renal failure earlier after operation.Conclusion The effective monitoring for immunity and the scientific use of immunosuppressive agents after orthotopie heart transplantation,the active prevention and treannent of complications and its consanguineous follow-up are key factors for improving the survival rate.

Objective To explore the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on the virological and pathological changes of newborn mouse liver congenitally infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).Methods Sixty healthy pure line clean level BALB/c mice which were about 10 weeks old (half were female) were divided into five groups (six pairs in each group).The mice in LMWH intervention group and positive control group were intraperitoneally inoculated with 6.0 lg tissue culture infective dose50 (TCID50) of HCMV AD169; those in blank control group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM) ; then all the mice were paired to mate.The pregnant mice in LMWH intervention group Ⅰ were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 10 days; those in group Ⅱ were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 5 days and their newborn mice were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 5 days; those in group Ⅲ were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 10 days in their newborn mice.All these newborn mice were sacrificed at day 10 of birth.The liver was removed for virus isolation,dry-wet weight determination,pathology examination and quantitative fluorescence-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection.The comparison among groups was done by analysis of variance.Results HCMV was isolated from the supernatant of liver tissue homogenate in 10-day positive control newborn mice,while HCMV was isolated in 24-day newborn mice of the other three groups of LMWH intervention.Pathology confirmed that positive control liver tissue had inflammatory changed,liver cell inflammatory swelling degeneration,vacuoles degeneration,specific HCMV inclusion body in nuclear,and portion of liver cell necrosis,while liver pathological results of LMWH intervention group showed mild liver cell inflammatory changes and slight cell inflammatory swelling degeneration,which were similar to the blank control group.The moisture of liver tissue contents in LMWH intervention group decreased more obviously than positive control group.The HCMV DNA loads in 50 mg liver tissues of LMWH intervention groups Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ were (3.26±0.43),(3.26±0.41) and (3.32±0.51) lg copy,respectively,which were significantly lower than that of positive control group [(7.38 ± 0.53) lg copy; F =314.620,P0.01],while there were no significant differences among LMWH intervention groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion LMWH intrauterine and postnatal interventions can significantly reduce HCMV DNA replication in hepatocytes,and relieve inflammatory changes in liver tissue.

Objective To investigate the expression variation of kidney OATP-3 in rats relating to rocuronium metabolism in anhepatic phase and to primarily explain the reason of extrahepatic metabolism characters of rocuronium. Methods Twelve rats were distributed to 2 groups randomly with 6 in each: Group A (control group) and Group B in which the hepatic portal devascularization was performed for 60 min. Kidney tissues of the rats were taken. oatp-3 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and OATP-3 protein by Western blotting. Results The expression levels of kidney OATP-3 mRNA and protein in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A(P